河南省耕地集约利用评价研究
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摘要
耕地是土地的精华,是一种十分稀缺、不可替代的自然资源和农业生产要素。当前河南省面临的几大问题如人口、资源、环境和粮食等,均与土地有关。一方面,河南省人均耕地数量少,总体质量水平低,土地开发程度较高,未利用土地多数分布在山区、丘陵地带,耕地后备资源不足,因而必须充分挖掘耕地利用潜力;另一方面,随着人口的增加和工业化、城市化进程的加快,建设用地数量不断增加,土地供求矛盾和人地矛盾日趋尖锐。所以,作为地处中原、拥有9800万人口的河南省,提高省域土地利用效益,推进节约集约用地,直接关系着粮食安全的实现、农业的可持续发展、国民经济的发展和社会的稳定。
本文首先对河南省2002年-2007年耕地资源数量变化、增减流向、耕地区域动态变化及耕地发生变化的原因进行了分析,发现近几年来河南省耕地总量保持动态平衡,人均耕地逐年持续减少,土地开发是增加耕地的主要方式,建设用地占用耕地的比重越来越大;然后以河南省18个地市2007年耕地利用相关数据资料为基础,选取了投入强度、利用程度、产出效果三个准则层指标,11个指标层指标,采用层次分析法对河南省各地市耕地集约利用水平进行了评价,整体上看,河南省北部和南部集约利用程度较高,中部次之,西部较低;紧接着在层次分析所得数据的基础上,采用准则层数据,利用聚类分析法,将河南省18个地市归为5类,分析对比同类区域耕地集约利用的共同点和不同类区域之间的差异及特点,从自然地理环境、经济发展水平、区域发展战略、产业结构和人口五个方面深入分析了造成差异的原因;最后在以上分析的基础上,有针对性地提出了提高河南省耕地集约利用水平的对策建议。
Cultivated land is the essence of land, which is a very scarce and irreplaceable natural resource and the agricultural production factor. Several issues are being faced by He Nan province nowadays, such as populations, resources, environmental protection and food, which are related with the earth. On the one hand, the cultivated land quantity per person had in Henan Province is few, the overall quality level is low, the developed degree is high, the not using land is mostly distributed in the mountainous area and the hills, the farming resources reserved are insufficient, thus we must excavate cultivated land using potential fully; On the other hand, with the increase of population and the quicken of industrialization and urbanized, construction land quantity increases unceasingly, the contradiction of land’s supply and demand incisive day by day. Therefore, as a province located in the Central Plains, with the population of 98 million, to improve the provincial land-use efficiency and promote land-intensive conservation for Henan Province, is directly attached to the realization of food security, sustainable agricultural development, national economic development and social stability.
First, This paper analysis 2002-2007 planted crops the resources quantity change, the fluctuation to Henan Province to flow to, to plant crops the region dynamic change and the farming changes the reason to carry on the analysis, discovered that in the last few years the Henan Province farming total quantity maintained the dynamical equilibrium, the average per person farming reduced continually year by year, the land development was increases the farming the fundamental mode, the construction land takes the farming the proportion to be getting bigger and bigger; Then in 2007 plants crops the use correlation data material take the Henan Province 18 prefectures as the foundation, selected the investment intensity, the degree of utilization, to deliver the effect three criterion level target, 11 target level target, used the analytic hierarchy process to carry on the appraisal intensive to the Henan Province various prefectures cultivated land using the level, in the whole looked, north Henan Province and south the intensive degree of utilization was high, middle was next, the west was low; Is following closely in the analytic hierarchy obtained data foundation, uses the criterion level data, the use cluster analytic method, the Henan Province 18 prefectures will converge 5 kinds, between the analysis contrast similar region cultivated land intensive use common ground and the different kind of region difference and the characteristic, from the environment, the economic development level, the area development strategy, the industrial structure and the population five aspects analyzed thoroughly has created the difference the reason; Finally analyzes in above in the foundation, proposed target-oriented enhances Henan Province to plant crops saves the intensive use level countermeasure suggestion.
本文首先对河南省2002年-2007年耕地资源数量变化、增减流向、耕地区域动态变化及耕地发生变化的原因进行了分析,发现近几年来河南省耕地总量保持动态平衡,人均耕地逐年持续减少,土地开发是增加耕地的主要方式,建设用地占用耕地的比重越来越大;然后以河南省18个地市2007年耕地利用相关数据资料为基础,选取了投入强度、利用程度、产出效果三个准则层指标,11个指标层指标,采用层次分析法对河南省各地市耕地集约利用水平进行了评价,整体上看,河南省北部和南部集约利用程度较高,中部次之,西部较低;紧接着在层次分析所得数据的基础上,采用准则层数据,利用聚类分析法,将河南省18个地市归为5类,分析对比同类区域耕地集约利用的共同点和不同类区域之间的差异及特点,从自然地理环境、经济发展水平、区域发展战略、产业结构和人口五个方面深入分析了造成差异的原因;最后在以上分析的基础上,有针对性地提出了提高河南省耕地集约利用水平的对策建议。
Cultivated land is the essence of land, which is a very scarce and irreplaceable natural resource and the agricultural production factor. Several issues are being faced by He Nan province nowadays, such as populations, resources, environmental protection and food, which are related with the earth. On the one hand, the cultivated land quantity per person had in Henan Province is few, the overall quality level is low, the developed degree is high, the not using land is mostly distributed in the mountainous area and the hills, the farming resources reserved are insufficient, thus we must excavate cultivated land using potential fully; On the other hand, with the increase of population and the quicken of industrialization and urbanized, construction land quantity increases unceasingly, the contradiction of land’s supply and demand incisive day by day. Therefore, as a province located in the Central Plains, with the population of 98 million, to improve the provincial land-use efficiency and promote land-intensive conservation for Henan Province, is directly attached to the realization of food security, sustainable agricultural development, national economic development and social stability.
First, This paper analysis 2002-2007 planted crops the resources quantity change, the fluctuation to Henan Province to flow to, to plant crops the region dynamic change and the farming changes the reason to carry on the analysis, discovered that in the last few years the Henan Province farming total quantity maintained the dynamical equilibrium, the average per person farming reduced continually year by year, the land development was increases the farming the fundamental mode, the construction land takes the farming the proportion to be getting bigger and bigger; Then in 2007 plants crops the use correlation data material take the Henan Province 18 prefectures as the foundation, selected the investment intensity, the degree of utilization, to deliver the effect three criterion level target, 11 target level target, used the analytic hierarchy process to carry on the appraisal intensive to the Henan Province various prefectures cultivated land using the level, in the whole looked, north Henan Province and south the intensive degree of utilization was high, middle was next, the west was low; Is following closely in the analytic hierarchy obtained data foundation, uses the criterion level data, the use cluster analytic method, the Henan Province 18 prefectures will converge 5 kinds, between the analysis contrast similar region cultivated land intensive use common ground and the different kind of region difference and the characteristic, from the environment, the economic development level, the area development strategy, the industrial structure and the population five aspects analyzed thoroughly has created the difference the reason; Finally analyzes in above in the foundation, proposed target-oriented enhances Henan Province to plant crops saves the intensive use level countermeasure suggestion.
引文
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