去除地下水中硝酸盐的方法研究
摘要
地下水硝酸盐氮污染已经成为世界性的环境问题。地下水中硝酸盐的治理技术主要包括物理方法，化学方法和生物方法。
通过在铁．砂混合反应器不同部位添加甲醇，本文研究了铁．砂混合反应器对硝酸盐的去除效果及整个反应器运行状况；研究了以棉花介质作为反应墙填充材料的固体碳源的生物反硝化对硝酸盐的去除效果。实验表明，26±3℃，不论是使用液体碳源，还是固体碳源的生物反硝化，对硝酸盐的去除效果均可达到90％以上，而普通铁反应介质在实际地下水环境中对硝酸盐去除非常有限，而且易导致系统pH升高，出水NH4+．N较多。棉花介质的生物反硝化比甲醇生物反硝化存在pH降低现象。
研究表明，在进水处加入甲醇，C／N质量比为0.91时，砂层对硝酸氮去除率可达到90％，而通过注射井加入时，碳源很难分布均匀，硝酸氮去除率下降，增加甲醇加入量，易产生CODcr二次污染，且液体碳源容易产生NO_2~-的累积。采用棉花介质反应墙，系统启动快，在进水NO_3~-分布在11.26-33.23mgN／L下，氮去除率均在90％以上，且无NO_2~-累积。生物反硝化过程NH_4~+-N产量少。比较棉花固相有机碳源，甲醇液体碳源的效果，由于棉花反应系统效果稳定，操作方便，原料廉价易得，在浅层地下水硝酸盐污染治理中更具有实际性。
Nitrate pollution of groundwater constitutes an important and cosmopolitan environmental problem. The approaches for nitrate removal had a lot of categories: physical methods, chemical methods and biological denitrification.
Removal of nitrate from groundwater was studied in laboratory chest packed iron and sand, cotton and rubble respectively. We used methanol at different position as carbon resource in the system mixed iron and sand; The Removal of nitrate was studied by the chest packed cotton as a dentification wall. The experiment show at temperature 26±3℃,The biological denitrification supported by cotton or methanol can remove more than 90% of incoming nitrate from groundwater. The common iron can not remove added nitrate efficiently in actual groundwater condition. It resulted in the pH increase and produced a lot of ammonia. The denitrification supported by cotton appeared pH decrease.
During the research, it was found that the removal efficiency of added nitrate was more than 90% by the sand filtration when carbon to nitrogen ration (C/N) was 0.91 and methanol was injected at inlet. When the methanol was injected by the well, the carbon can not mix adequately with water, the removal efficiency decreased. COD would increase when the added methanol was injected. The liquid carbon source can result in the nitrite cumulation easily. The denitrification wall supported by cotton start up fast. The wall continuously removed more than 90% of the incoming nitrate in groundwater which ranged from 11.26 to 33.23 mg N/L and no nitrite was detected. A little of nitrate was transformed ammonia during the biological denitrification. Compared cotton with methanol, It is possible for the practical using in the groundwater because of high denitrification efficiency, low cost, ease of operation.
通过在铁．砂混合反应器不同部位添加甲醇，本文研究了铁．砂混合反应器对硝酸盐的去除效果及整个反应器运行状况；研究了以棉花介质作为反应墙填充材料的固体碳源的生物反硝化对硝酸盐的去除效果。实验表明，26±3℃，不论是使用液体碳源，还是固体碳源的生物反硝化，对硝酸盐的去除效果均可达到90％以上，而普通铁反应介质在实际地下水环境中对硝酸盐去除非常有限，而且易导致系统pH升高，出水NH4+．N较多。棉花介质的生物反硝化比甲醇生物反硝化存在pH降低现象。
研究表明，在进水处加入甲醇，C／N质量比为0.91时，砂层对硝酸氮去除率可达到90％，而通过注射井加入时，碳源很难分布均匀，硝酸氮去除率下降，增加甲醇加入量，易产生CODcr二次污染，且液体碳源容易产生NO_2~-的累积。采用棉花介质反应墙，系统启动快，在进水NO_3~-分布在11.26-33.23mgN／L下，氮去除率均在90％以上，且无NO_2~-累积。生物反硝化过程NH_4~+-N产量少。比较棉花固相有机碳源，甲醇液体碳源的效果，由于棉花反应系统效果稳定，操作方便，原料廉价易得，在浅层地下水硝酸盐污染治理中更具有实际性。
Nitrate pollution of groundwater constitutes an important and cosmopolitan environmental problem. The approaches for nitrate removal had a lot of categories: physical methods, chemical methods and biological denitrification.
Removal of nitrate from groundwater was studied in laboratory chest packed iron and sand, cotton and rubble respectively. We used methanol at different position as carbon resource in the system mixed iron and sand; The Removal of nitrate was studied by the chest packed cotton as a dentification wall. The experiment show at temperature 26±3℃,The biological denitrification supported by cotton or methanol can remove more than 90% of incoming nitrate from groundwater. The common iron can not remove added nitrate efficiently in actual groundwater condition. It resulted in the pH increase and produced a lot of ammonia. The denitrification supported by cotton appeared pH decrease.
During the research, it was found that the removal efficiency of added nitrate was more than 90% by the sand filtration when carbon to nitrogen ration (C/N) was 0.91 and methanol was injected at inlet. When the methanol was injected by the well, the carbon can not mix adequately with water, the removal efficiency decreased. COD would increase when the added methanol was injected. The liquid carbon source can result in the nitrite cumulation easily. The denitrification wall supported by cotton start up fast. The wall continuously removed more than 90% of the incoming nitrate in groundwater which ranged from 11.26 to 33.23 mg N/L and no nitrite was detected. A little of nitrate was transformed ammonia during the biological denitrification. Compared cotton with methanol, It is possible for the practical using in the groundwater because of high denitrification efficiency, low cost, ease of operation.
引文
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