木薯皮栽培草菇及V_1菌株生长特性研究
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摘要
草菇是世界重要食用菌之一,它的菇肉肥嫩,营养丰富,食药兼用,在国内外素享盛名。草菇栽培起源于我国,至今已有300多年的历史,当今已成为世界性栽培的菌类。我国的草菇产量一直占世界首位,是传统的重要出口菌类。但对草菇的生活条件如温度和PH值的要求有多种报道,同时植物生长调节剂对草菇的影响和菌种保存培养基极少有报道。
草菇原产于热带和亚热带地区,是一种以草类纤维为主要营养的腐生性大型真菌,虽然草菇是自然发生于稻草上草腐真菌(故又称稻草蘑菇、中国蘑菇),但许多含有丰富纤维素的植物秸秆都是草菇栽培的培养料,目前,草菇的栽培原料主要是采用量大的棉籽壳、废棉、稻草、甘蔗渣等。广西目前木薯种植面积达27万公顷,年产量超过380万吨,全区有木薯淀粉加工厂300多家,木薯皮是指鲜木薯进厂后在园形铁笼中滚动清冼时掉下的最外的木栓化的表皮。按占鲜重的3%计,木薯皮则约有11.4万吨左右。利用木薯皮种植草菇尚未见有过报道。
本文通过试验研究和数理统计方法,利用我们在野外采集和驯化的V_1菌株,首先研究了温度和pH值对草菇菌丝生长的影响、植物生长调节剂对草姑生长的影响、不同草菇菌株在木薯皮基质上的生长情况、培养基对草菇菌种保存与生长的影响;其次研究了木薯皮发酵处理和晒干处理对草菇产量影响、木薯皮基质与其它栽培基质的对比试验、不同的木薯皮含水量对草菇生长和产量的影响、不同的木薯皮pH值对草菇生长和产量的影响、木薯皮基质添加碳酸氢铵对草菇产量的影响、木薯皮基质表面盖废棉对温度和含水量及产量的影响、木薯皮基质喷施植物生长调节剂对草菇产量的影响、木薯皮对不同草菇菌株的产量影响;并对推广草菇新菌株V_1和木薯皮栽培草菇技术提出了措施。
结果表明:(1)草菇菌丝生长的温度范围是8℃—44℃,温度适宜区是24℃—40℃,最适温度区是28℃—38℃;(2)草菇菌丝在pH为4—14之间均能生长,但最适pH值范围是7-12;(3)三种植物生长调节剂在适宜的浓度下对草菇菌丝的生长均有促进作用,三十烷醇(0.1—3.0mg/L)、赤霉素(GA)(1—20mg/L)、2,4-D(5—25mg/L)促进草菇菌丝生长的最高增长率分别是20.3%、26.4%、28.5%;(4)草菇菌种用稻草粉培养基保存优于用PDA+稻草煮汁培养基保存,前者可保存8个月,后者只能保存4个月;(5)V_1、V_5两个草菇菌株在木薯皮煮汁培养基和木薯皮培养基上生长最好。V_1、V_2、V_3、V_4、V_5五个草菇株在木薯皮煮汁培养基上长满培养皿的平均时间分别是52h、61h、58h、55h、46h,在木薯皮基质上平均满袋时间分别是154.8h、207.6h、197.1h、175.2h、156.9h;(6)木薯皮晒干处理比发酵处理效果好,1050kg木薯皮基质的草菇产量分别是196.2kg、174.6kg,数理统计分析差异显著;最好的配方是晒干的木薯皮50kg、玉米粉5.0kg、鸡粪5.0kg、石灰2.5kg、石膏0.5kg、含水量65%,150kg木薯皮基质的草菇产量是37.7kg,数理统计分析差异显著;(7)木薯皮为培养基质的草菇产量是18.1kg/100kg,排在第四,高于稻草13.1kg/100kg,最高的是废棉32.1kg/100kg,其次是棉籽壳25.4kg100kg,中草药渣18.8kg/100kg;(8)培养基含水量对草菇产量影响较大,70%含水量的木薯皮效果最好,生物效率是19.2%,木薯皮含水量为60%、65%、75%的生物效率分别是10.6%、16.2%、8.6%;(9)木薯皮培养料pH值为11的出菇最早(7d),生物效率最高(19.9%),PH值为7、8、9、10、12、13、14的生物效率分别是7.9%、14.1%、15.7%、16.9%、17.3%、15.6%、8.7%;(10)木薯皮基质添加碳酸氢铵可以增加草菇产量,以每25kg木薯皮添加0.1kg平均产量最高4.54kg,添加0kg、0.2kg、0.4kg的平均产量分别是3.41kg、3.49 kg、1.17 kg,数理统计分析差异显著;(11)三十烷醇、赤霉素、2,4—D三种植物激素均有促进草菇增产的作用,在浓度分别是0.5—1.0mg/L、10—20mg/L、15—25mg/L下第一潮菇的最高生物效率分别是29.1%、24.3%、24.8%;(12)在以木薯皮为基质栽培草菇的5个菌株的试验中,V_1、V_2、V_3、V_4、V_5的生物效率分别是16%、14.3%、15.7%、15.7%、17.7%,最高是V_5(17.7%)。
The straw mushroom is one of world important edible fungi, its mushroom meat is fat and tender, the nutrition is rich, eats the medicine concurrently to use, enjoys the great reputation in the domestic and foreign elements. The straw mushroom cultivation origins from our country, until now some more than 300 years history, has become worldwide basis cultivation now the fungus category.Our country's straw mushroom output occupies the world first place continuously, is the traditional important exportation fungus category. But has many kinds of reports to straw mushroom's living condition like temperature and the PH value request, simultaneously the plant growth regulator the influence and the mold mushroom spawn preservation culture medium extremely little has the report to the straw mushroom.
The straw mushroom produces originally in the tropics and the subtropics area, is one kind take the grass class textile fiber as the main nutrition saprophytic large-scale fungus, (therefore although the straw mushroom is the spontaneous generation on the straw the grass spoiled fungus called straw mushroom, China bothers), But many includes the rich cellulose plant straw stalk all is the straw mushroom cultivation cultivates the nourishment, at present, straw mushroom's cultivation raw material mainly is uses the quantity big cotton seed shell, the waste cotton and kapok, the straw, the bagasse and so on. Guangxi the cassava sown area amounts to 270,000 hectares at present, the annual output surpasses 3,800,000 tons, the most outside suberification epidermis which in the garden shape iron cage the entire area has maniocca processing factory more than 300, after the cassava skin is refers to the fresh cassava to enter shop rolls clear Xian Shi falls down. According to accounts for the fresh weight 3% idea, cassava Pi Zeyue has about 114,000 tons.Not yet sees using the cassava skin planter straw mushroom has had the report.
This article through the experimental study and the mathematical statistic method, Uses us in open country gathering and the domesticated V1 strain ,has first studied the temperature and the pH value the influence, the plant growth regulator which grows to the straw mushroom hypha the influence, the different straw mushroom strain which grows to the straw mushroom on the cassava skin matrix growth situation, the culture medium to the straw mushroom mold mushroom spawn preservation and the growth influence; Next studied the cassava skin fermentation to process and to season processes to the straw mushroom output influence, the cassava skin matrix and other cultivation matrix contrast experiment, the different cassava skin water content to the straw mushroom growth and the output influence, Different cassava skin pH value to straw mushroom growth and output influence, Cassava skin matrix increase ammonium bicarbonate to straw mushroom output influence, Cassava skin matrix surface Ge Feimian to temperature and water content and output influence, The cassava skin matrix spurts executes the plant growth regulator to the straw mushroom output influence, the cassava skin to the different straw mushroom strain output influence. And to promoted straw mushroom new strain V1 and the cassava skin cultivation straw mushroom technology proposed the measure.
The result shows: (1)The temperature range that the hypha of straw mushroom grows is 8°C-44°C, the suitable foring area of temperature is 24°C-40°C, the optimum temperature district is 28°C-38°C; (2)The hypha of straw mushroom can grow for 4-14 in pH, but the optimum pH range is 7-12; (3)There is facilitation to the growth of the hypha of straw mushroom under the suitable density in three kinds of plant growth regulator, 30 alkane alcohol (0.1-3.0mg/L), gibberellin (GA) (1-20mg/L), 2, 4- D (5-25mg/L) promote straw mushroom supreme rate of increase that hypha grows 20.3%, 26.4%, 28.5% ; (4)The straw mushroom bacterium is saved, superior to boiling the culture medium of juice to save with the powder culture medium of straw with PDA straw, the former can keep for 8 months, the latter can only keep for 4 months; (5)V1, V5 skin boil juice grow best at the culture medium and leather culture medium of cassava in cassava. V1, V2, V3, V4, V5 skin boil juice cover with average time to train ware 52h, 61h, 58h, 55h separately at the culture medium in cassava, the time of average full bag is 154.8h, 207.6hl97.lh, 175.2h, 156.9h separately on the cassava peel ground substance; (6)Cassava skin dry, deal with, deal with effectual fermenting, 1050kg cassava leather straw mushroom of ground substance output 196.2kg, 174.6kg respectively, the difference of statistical analysis of mathematics and physics is prominent; The best prescription is cassava peel 50kg, maize powder 5.0kg, chicken excrement 5.0kg, lime 2.5kg, gypsum 0.5kg, 65% of water content dried, The output of straw mushroom of leather ground substance of 150kg cassava is 37.7kg, the difference of statistical analysis of mathematics and physics is prominent; (7)The peel of the cassava is that the output of straw mushroom of training the ground substance is 18.1kg/100kg, rank the fourth, is higher than the straw 13.1kg/100kg, the highest one is the cotton waste 32.1kg/100kg, secondly it is a cottonseed shell 25.4kg/100kg, herbal dreg 18.8kg/100kg; (8)The water content of culture medium exerts a great influence on output of straw mushroom, the cassava peels of 70% of the water contents have the best result, biological efficiency is 19.2%, the biological efficiency of the peel of the cassava whose water content is 60%, 65%, 75% is 10.6%, 16.2%, 8.6% respectively; (9)The peel of the cassava trains material pH for producing mushroom (7d) initially of 11, living beings most effective (19.9%) , pH is the biological efficiency of 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14 is 7.9%, 14.1%, 15.7%, 16.9%, 17.3%, 15.6%, 8.7% separately; (10)The leather ground substance of cassava can increase the output of straw mushroom to add hydrogen ammonium carbonic acid, add 0.1kg average output supreme 4.54kg with every 25kg cassava peel, the average output of adding 0kg, 0.2kg, 0.4kg is 3.41kg, 3.49kg, 1.17kg separately, the difference of statistical analysis of mathematics and physics is prominent; (11)30 alkane alcohol, gibberellin, 2, 4- D three plant hormone have, promote function that straw mushroom increase production, the highest biological efficiency of the first tide mushroom is 29.1%, 24.3%, 24.8% separately under the circumstances that the density is 0.5-1.0mg/L, 10-20mg/L, 15-25mg/L separately; (12)In the tests of 5 pieces of bacterial strain regarding peel of the cassava as ground substances and cultivating straw mushroom, the biological efficiency of V1, V2, V3, V4, V5 is 16%, 14.3%, 15.7%, 15.7%, 17.7% separately, it is V5 (17.7%) to be the highest.
草菇原产于热带和亚热带地区,是一种以草类纤维为主要营养的腐生性大型真菌,虽然草菇是自然发生于稻草上草腐真菌(故又称稻草蘑菇、中国蘑菇),但许多含有丰富纤维素的植物秸秆都是草菇栽培的培养料,目前,草菇的栽培原料主要是采用量大的棉籽壳、废棉、稻草、甘蔗渣等。广西目前木薯种植面积达27万公顷,年产量超过380万吨,全区有木薯淀粉加工厂300多家,木薯皮是指鲜木薯进厂后在园形铁笼中滚动清冼时掉下的最外的木栓化的表皮。按占鲜重的3%计,木薯皮则约有11.4万吨左右。利用木薯皮种植草菇尚未见有过报道。
本文通过试验研究和数理统计方法,利用我们在野外采集和驯化的V_1菌株,首先研究了温度和pH值对草菇菌丝生长的影响、植物生长调节剂对草姑生长的影响、不同草菇菌株在木薯皮基质上的生长情况、培养基对草菇菌种保存与生长的影响;其次研究了木薯皮发酵处理和晒干处理对草菇产量影响、木薯皮基质与其它栽培基质的对比试验、不同的木薯皮含水量对草菇生长和产量的影响、不同的木薯皮pH值对草菇生长和产量的影响、木薯皮基质添加碳酸氢铵对草菇产量的影响、木薯皮基质表面盖废棉对温度和含水量及产量的影响、木薯皮基质喷施植物生长调节剂对草菇产量的影响、木薯皮对不同草菇菌株的产量影响;并对推广草菇新菌株V_1和木薯皮栽培草菇技术提出了措施。
结果表明:(1)草菇菌丝生长的温度范围是8℃—44℃,温度适宜区是24℃—40℃,最适温度区是28℃—38℃;(2)草菇菌丝在pH为4—14之间均能生长,但最适pH值范围是7-12;(3)三种植物生长调节剂在适宜的浓度下对草菇菌丝的生长均有促进作用,三十烷醇(0.1—3.0mg/L)、赤霉素(GA)(1—20mg/L)、2,4-D(5—25mg/L)促进草菇菌丝生长的最高增长率分别是20.3%、26.4%、28.5%;(4)草菇菌种用稻草粉培养基保存优于用PDA+稻草煮汁培养基保存,前者可保存8个月,后者只能保存4个月;(5)V_1、V_5两个草菇菌株在木薯皮煮汁培养基和木薯皮培养基上生长最好。V_1、V_2、V_3、V_4、V_5五个草菇株在木薯皮煮汁培养基上长满培养皿的平均时间分别是52h、61h、58h、55h、46h,在木薯皮基质上平均满袋时间分别是154.8h、207.6h、197.1h、175.2h、156.9h;(6)木薯皮晒干处理比发酵处理效果好,1050kg木薯皮基质的草菇产量分别是196.2kg、174.6kg,数理统计分析差异显著;最好的配方是晒干的木薯皮50kg、玉米粉5.0kg、鸡粪5.0kg、石灰2.5kg、石膏0.5kg、含水量65%,150kg木薯皮基质的草菇产量是37.7kg,数理统计分析差异显著;(7)木薯皮为培养基质的草菇产量是18.1kg/100kg,排在第四,高于稻草13.1kg/100kg,最高的是废棉32.1kg/100kg,其次是棉籽壳25.4kg100kg,中草药渣18.8kg/100kg;(8)培养基含水量对草菇产量影响较大,70%含水量的木薯皮效果最好,生物效率是19.2%,木薯皮含水量为60%、65%、75%的生物效率分别是10.6%、16.2%、8.6%;(9)木薯皮培养料pH值为11的出菇最早(7d),生物效率最高(19.9%),PH值为7、8、9、10、12、13、14的生物效率分别是7.9%、14.1%、15.7%、16.9%、17.3%、15.6%、8.7%;(10)木薯皮基质添加碳酸氢铵可以增加草菇产量,以每25kg木薯皮添加0.1kg平均产量最高4.54kg,添加0kg、0.2kg、0.4kg的平均产量分别是3.41kg、3.49 kg、1.17 kg,数理统计分析差异显著;(11)三十烷醇、赤霉素、2,4—D三种植物激素均有促进草菇增产的作用,在浓度分别是0.5—1.0mg/L、10—20mg/L、15—25mg/L下第一潮菇的最高生物效率分别是29.1%、24.3%、24.8%;(12)在以木薯皮为基质栽培草菇的5个菌株的试验中,V_1、V_2、V_3、V_4、V_5的生物效率分别是16%、14.3%、15.7%、15.7%、17.7%,最高是V_5(17.7%)。
The straw mushroom is one of world important edible fungi, its mushroom meat is fat and tender, the nutrition is rich, eats the medicine concurrently to use, enjoys the great reputation in the domestic and foreign elements. The straw mushroom cultivation origins from our country, until now some more than 300 years history, has become worldwide basis cultivation now the fungus category.Our country's straw mushroom output occupies the world first place continuously, is the traditional important exportation fungus category. But has many kinds of reports to straw mushroom's living condition like temperature and the PH value request, simultaneously the plant growth regulator the influence and the mold mushroom spawn preservation culture medium extremely little has the report to the straw mushroom.
The straw mushroom produces originally in the tropics and the subtropics area, is one kind take the grass class textile fiber as the main nutrition saprophytic large-scale fungus, (therefore although the straw mushroom is the spontaneous generation on the straw the grass spoiled fungus called straw mushroom, China bothers), But many includes the rich cellulose plant straw stalk all is the straw mushroom cultivation cultivates the nourishment, at present, straw mushroom's cultivation raw material mainly is uses the quantity big cotton seed shell, the waste cotton and kapok, the straw, the bagasse and so on. Guangxi the cassava sown area amounts to 270,000 hectares at present, the annual output surpasses 3,800,000 tons, the most outside suberification epidermis which in the garden shape iron cage the entire area has maniocca processing factory more than 300, after the cassava skin is refers to the fresh cassava to enter shop rolls clear Xian Shi falls down. According to accounts for the fresh weight 3% idea, cassava Pi Zeyue has about 114,000 tons.Not yet sees using the cassava skin planter straw mushroom has had the report.
This article through the experimental study and the mathematical statistic method, Uses us in open country gathering and the domesticated V1 strain ,has first studied the temperature and the pH value the influence, the plant growth regulator which grows to the straw mushroom hypha the influence, the different straw mushroom strain which grows to the straw mushroom on the cassava skin matrix growth situation, the culture medium to the straw mushroom mold mushroom spawn preservation and the growth influence; Next studied the cassava skin fermentation to process and to season processes to the straw mushroom output influence, the cassava skin matrix and other cultivation matrix contrast experiment, the different cassava skin water content to the straw mushroom growth and the output influence, Different cassava skin pH value to straw mushroom growth and output influence, Cassava skin matrix increase ammonium bicarbonate to straw mushroom output influence, Cassava skin matrix surface Ge Feimian to temperature and water content and output influence, The cassava skin matrix spurts executes the plant growth regulator to the straw mushroom output influence, the cassava skin to the different straw mushroom strain output influence. And to promoted straw mushroom new strain V1 and the cassava skin cultivation straw mushroom technology proposed the measure.
The result shows: (1)The temperature range that the hypha of straw mushroom grows is 8°C-44°C, the suitable foring area of temperature is 24°C-40°C, the optimum temperature district is 28°C-38°C; (2)The hypha of straw mushroom can grow for 4-14 in pH, but the optimum pH range is 7-12; (3)There is facilitation to the growth of the hypha of straw mushroom under the suitable density in three kinds of plant growth regulator, 30 alkane alcohol (0.1-3.0mg/L), gibberellin (GA) (1-20mg/L), 2, 4- D (5-25mg/L) promote straw mushroom supreme rate of increase that hypha grows 20.3%, 26.4%, 28.5% ; (4)The straw mushroom bacterium is saved, superior to boiling the culture medium of juice to save with the powder culture medium of straw with PDA straw, the former can keep for 8 months, the latter can only keep for 4 months; (5)V1, V5 skin boil juice grow best at the culture medium and leather culture medium of cassava in cassava. V1, V2, V3, V4, V5 skin boil juice cover with average time to train ware 52h, 61h, 58h, 55h separately at the culture medium in cassava, the time of average full bag is 154.8h, 207.6hl97.lh, 175.2h, 156.9h separately on the cassava peel ground substance; (6)Cassava skin dry, deal with, deal with effectual fermenting, 1050kg cassava leather straw mushroom of ground substance output 196.2kg, 174.6kg respectively, the difference of statistical analysis of mathematics and physics is prominent; The best prescription is cassava peel 50kg, maize powder 5.0kg, chicken excrement 5.0kg, lime 2.5kg, gypsum 0.5kg, 65% of water content dried, The output of straw mushroom of leather ground substance of 150kg cassava is 37.7kg, the difference of statistical analysis of mathematics and physics is prominent; (7)The peel of the cassava is that the output of straw mushroom of training the ground substance is 18.1kg/100kg, rank the fourth, is higher than the straw 13.1kg/100kg, the highest one is the cotton waste 32.1kg/100kg, secondly it is a cottonseed shell 25.4kg/100kg, herbal dreg 18.8kg/100kg; (8)The water content of culture medium exerts a great influence on output of straw mushroom, the cassava peels of 70% of the water contents have the best result, biological efficiency is 19.2%, the biological efficiency of the peel of the cassava whose water content is 60%, 65%, 75% is 10.6%, 16.2%, 8.6% respectively; (9)The peel of the cassava trains material pH for producing mushroom (7d) initially of 11, living beings most effective (19.9%) , pH is the biological efficiency of 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14 is 7.9%, 14.1%, 15.7%, 16.9%, 17.3%, 15.6%, 8.7% separately; (10)The leather ground substance of cassava can increase the output of straw mushroom to add hydrogen ammonium carbonic acid, add 0.1kg average output supreme 4.54kg with every 25kg cassava peel, the average output of adding 0kg, 0.2kg, 0.4kg is 3.41kg, 3.49kg, 1.17kg separately, the difference of statistical analysis of mathematics and physics is prominent; (11)30 alkane alcohol, gibberellin, 2, 4- D three plant hormone have, promote function that straw mushroom increase production, the highest biological efficiency of the first tide mushroom is 29.1%, 24.3%, 24.8% separately under the circumstances that the density is 0.5-1.0mg/L, 10-20mg/L, 15-25mg/L separately; (12)In the tests of 5 pieces of bacterial strain regarding peel of the cassava as ground substances and cultivating straw mushroom, the biological efficiency of V1, V2, V3, V4, V5 is 16%, 14.3%, 15.7%, 15.7%, 17.7% separately, it is V5 (17.7%) to be the highest.
引文
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