城市河道底泥营养盐释放及化学修复研究
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摘要
城市河道污染是目前全球范围内普遍存在的突出环境问题之一,而底泥污染正是河道污染的一个重要后果,底泥污染与整治成为城市河道污染控制的难点之一,底泥中累积的大量有毒有害污染物通过一定的交换作用重新释放,是影响和制约上覆水质的主要二次污染源。因而如何选择行之有效的底泥修复技术作为城区河道治理的关键性问题,已成为建设城市生态系统、提高城市环境质量的重点和难点。
分别在夏、冬两季对天津市周边河道采集的水样、底泥分析检测,结果表明,天津市一、二级河道,均受到了较严重的污染,特别是底泥,二级河道底泥比一级河道受到更重的污染;针对天津市河道底泥的污染情况,在自制模拟河道上铺设采集的实际河道底泥,进行了底泥污染物释放试验,结果表明河道上覆水在较短的停留时间内(5天),水质维持较好;溶解氧水平对底泥磷的释放影响较大,低溶解氧水平(0.8mg/L)是高溶解氧水平(7.2mg/L)释放量的3.7倍;扰动(风浪)显著影响底泥磷的释放。
在调研和底泥污染物释放试验的基础上开展了修复试验,采用水封原理在自制反应器上进行了底泥修复试验,考察了Ca(NO3)2、CaO2、聚铝等不同投加方式、不同加药量修复底泥的试验;聚铝在短期内抑制磷的释放效果比较明显,17周后抑制能力逐步恶化;CaO2的缓慢释氧特性,也能较长时期抑制磷的释放,但是会引起水体pH值的上升,pH值达9~9.5;Ca(NO3)2能长期抑制磷的释放,在长达30周的试验周期内,上覆水TP含量均控制在0.03mg/L以下,经过20周后,Ca(NO3)2-N加药量为70g/m2的反应器内TN已降至5~6mg/L水平,同时底泥表层、底部TOC也得到7~8%的去除率,因此Ca(NO3)2-N加药量为70g/m2、注射深度为10cm的加药方案最佳。
首次采用ORP、底泥TOC、磷形态分布、重金属形态分布、底泥有机物种类变化等多指标来探讨不同药剂、投加方式、加药量等修复方式的优劣,Ca(NO3)2由于NO3-良好的迁移扩散能力,使底泥内部氧化环境得到均匀改善,因此表层、底部底泥TOC均得到相同的去除率,特别是30周后底泥重金属形态分布与修复前封存底泥比较发现,各形态含量基本保持不变,也就是说重金属离子在修复前后迁移扩散潜能没有发生大的改变,这使原位的化学修复技术成为可能。
采用回归方法建立了Ca(NO3)2修复模型,该模型可为实际河道底泥的修复提供参考。
The contaminated municipal river sediment is one of the extrusive environment problem engulfing the global. The contaminated sediment just resulted from polluted river. It is the one of difficult to deal with sediment for municipal river pollution. The great deal of deleterious contamination which accumulates in sediment may be discharged via some exchange. It may become the second contaminative source to affect and restrict water quality. It has become a key question and to select effective remediation sediment technology for building municipal ecosystem and improving environmental quality.
The sample of water and sediment collected from surrounding Tianjin region was analyzed in summer ant winter respectively. It reveals that the primary and secondary rivers of Tianjin have been seriously polluted. The secondary river sediment was much more polluted than primary river sediment. On the basis of polluted degree of municipal river sediment, the experiment of pollution releasing was carried out by means of collecting actual riverway sediment which was shelved in the experimental apparatus simulating riverway. It reveals that the water quality will keep well when the hydraulic retention time of riverway is 5 days. It is found that dissolved oxygen and disturbance(wave) are more prominent factors affecting phosphorus release. The phosphorus release amount is 3.7 time When the dissolved oxygen is 0.8mg/L vs 7.2mg/L.
The remediation experiment was carried out on the basis of investigation and pollution release experiment. The experimental apparatus were prepared according to water seal principle. The remediation sediment experiment of different adding means and amount about calcium nitrate、calcium peroxide、PAC(Polyaluminium Chloride) was studied. It is evidence to inhibit phosphorus release in short term utilizing PAC, but it will be gradual wane after 17 weeks. Calcium peroxide also can inhibit phosphorus release during long time due to its slow oxygen release characteristic, but the water pH will be at 9~9.5. Calcium nitrate can inhibit phosphorus release during long time. The total phosphorus concentration was below 0.03mg/L during 20 weeks. The total nitrogen has been 5~6mg/L in the apparatus which was added 70g/m2 of calcium nitrate—N after 30weeks. The removal efficiency of sediment TOC was 7~8%. So the programme of adding calcium nitrate 70g/m2 and injecting to 10cm depth is best.
The merit and demerit of different chemical medicine、adding means and adding amount was investigated involving ORP、sediment TOC、phosphorus fractions、heavy metal fractions and organic fractions at the first. The oxygenating environment of internal sediment was well-proportioned improved due to the favourable diffusibility of nitrate redical, so the removal efficiency of the surface and bottom sediment was unanimous. The heavy metal fractions of sediment hold the line after 30 weeks. It makes in-situ chemical remediation technology become possibly.
The water quality model of calcium nitrate remediation was established employing multivariate regression. It may provide reference for actual riverway sediment remediation.
分别在夏、冬两季对天津市周边河道采集的水样、底泥分析检测,结果表明,天津市一、二级河道,均受到了较严重的污染,特别是底泥,二级河道底泥比一级河道受到更重的污染;针对天津市河道底泥的污染情况,在自制模拟河道上铺设采集的实际河道底泥,进行了底泥污染物释放试验,结果表明河道上覆水在较短的停留时间内(5天),水质维持较好;溶解氧水平对底泥磷的释放影响较大,低溶解氧水平(0.8mg/L)是高溶解氧水平(7.2mg/L)释放量的3.7倍;扰动(风浪)显著影响底泥磷的释放。
在调研和底泥污染物释放试验的基础上开展了修复试验,采用水封原理在自制反应器上进行了底泥修复试验,考察了Ca(NO3)2、CaO2、聚铝等不同投加方式、不同加药量修复底泥的试验;聚铝在短期内抑制磷的释放效果比较明显,17周后抑制能力逐步恶化;CaO2的缓慢释氧特性,也能较长时期抑制磷的释放,但是会引起水体pH值的上升,pH值达9~9.5;Ca(NO3)2能长期抑制磷的释放,在长达30周的试验周期内,上覆水TP含量均控制在0.03mg/L以下,经过20周后,Ca(NO3)2-N加药量为70g/m2的反应器内TN已降至5~6mg/L水平,同时底泥表层、底部TOC也得到7~8%的去除率,因此Ca(NO3)2-N加药量为70g/m2、注射深度为10cm的加药方案最佳。
首次采用ORP、底泥TOC、磷形态分布、重金属形态分布、底泥有机物种类变化等多指标来探讨不同药剂、投加方式、加药量等修复方式的优劣,Ca(NO3)2由于NO3-良好的迁移扩散能力,使底泥内部氧化环境得到均匀改善,因此表层、底部底泥TOC均得到相同的去除率,特别是30周后底泥重金属形态分布与修复前封存底泥比较发现,各形态含量基本保持不变,也就是说重金属离子在修复前后迁移扩散潜能没有发生大的改变,这使原位的化学修复技术成为可能。
采用回归方法建立了Ca(NO3)2修复模型,该模型可为实际河道底泥的修复提供参考。
The contaminated municipal river sediment is one of the extrusive environment problem engulfing the global. The contaminated sediment just resulted from polluted river. It is the one of difficult to deal with sediment for municipal river pollution. The great deal of deleterious contamination which accumulates in sediment may be discharged via some exchange. It may become the second contaminative source to affect and restrict water quality. It has become a key question and to select effective remediation sediment technology for building municipal ecosystem and improving environmental quality.
The sample of water and sediment collected from surrounding Tianjin region was analyzed in summer ant winter respectively. It reveals that the primary and secondary rivers of Tianjin have been seriously polluted. The secondary river sediment was much more polluted than primary river sediment. On the basis of polluted degree of municipal river sediment, the experiment of pollution releasing was carried out by means of collecting actual riverway sediment which was shelved in the experimental apparatus simulating riverway. It reveals that the water quality will keep well when the hydraulic retention time of riverway is 5 days. It is found that dissolved oxygen and disturbance(wave) are more prominent factors affecting phosphorus release. The phosphorus release amount is 3.7 time When the dissolved oxygen is 0.8mg/L vs 7.2mg/L.
The remediation experiment was carried out on the basis of investigation and pollution release experiment. The experimental apparatus were prepared according to water seal principle. The remediation sediment experiment of different adding means and amount about calcium nitrate、calcium peroxide、PAC(Polyaluminium Chloride) was studied. It is evidence to inhibit phosphorus release in short term utilizing PAC, but it will be gradual wane after 17 weeks. Calcium peroxide also can inhibit phosphorus release during long time due to its slow oxygen release characteristic, but the water pH will be at 9~9.5. Calcium nitrate can inhibit phosphorus release during long time. The total phosphorus concentration was below 0.03mg/L during 20 weeks. The total nitrogen has been 5~6mg/L in the apparatus which was added 70g/m2 of calcium nitrate—N after 30weeks. The removal efficiency of sediment TOC was 7~8%. So the programme of adding calcium nitrate 70g/m2 and injecting to 10cm depth is best.
The merit and demerit of different chemical medicine、adding means and adding amount was investigated involving ORP、sediment TOC、phosphorus fractions、heavy metal fractions and organic fractions at the first. The oxygenating environment of internal sediment was well-proportioned improved due to the favourable diffusibility of nitrate redical, so the removal efficiency of the surface and bottom sediment was unanimous. The heavy metal fractions of sediment hold the line after 30 weeks. It makes in-situ chemical remediation technology become possibly.
The water quality model of calcium nitrate remediation was established employing multivariate regression. It may provide reference for actual riverway sediment remediation.
引文
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