川东北地区构造特征及其对油气成藏的控制作用
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摘要
川东北地区位于扬子地块的北缘,其北与秦岭造山带、西与龙门山逆冲带、东南部与华南褶皱系毗邻。本文根据该地区的构造变形和演化特征,结合区内基本石油地质条件,重点研究了大巴山逆冲推覆构造与油气成藏条件的关系。
大巴山逆冲推覆构造带位于川、陕、鄂交界处,分隔着秦岭造山带与扬子地块。该带西北端受汉南地块限制,东部有黄陵地块的阻挡,其展布方向由西北部的北北东向、中部的近东西向、至东南部的北东东向,呈一向西南凸出的弧形,是由一系列呈向西南突出的巨型逆冲推覆断裂带构成。大巴山逆冲推覆构造以发育一系列的弧形逆冲断裂及断裂间所加褶皱断块为基本特征。自北东向西南,以城口-房县断裂、镇巴-鸡鸣寺断裂为界,可将大巴山逆冲推覆构造划分为北大巴山冲断褶带、南大巴山冲断褶带及南大巴山推覆前锋扩展褶皱带三部分;根据卷入推覆构造的地层年代、推覆前后地层接触关系、不同期推覆构造间的空间交切、复合关系等标志来判定,大巴山弧形推覆构造主要是印支、燕山和喜山三期推覆构造的叠加复合。因此,大巴山弧形构造带是一个具多成因、多期构造叠加的复杂弧形逆冲推覆构造带。
结合盆地古地理与构造演化分析,将盆地演化划分为早古生代的克拉通拗陷、晚古生代的克拉通裂陷和中生代的前陆盆地以及三叠纪至震旦纪的陆陆碰撞、中新生代的陆内造山构造演化阶段。通过对川东北地区NE、NW、EW 向构造相互形成时序关系分析,并与大巴山构造带及湘鄂西构造带的交切复合类比,从而在研究区筛分出印支、燕山和喜山三期构造。通过对各期构造的褶皱轴迹和共轭节理的统计分析,恢复了印支期、燕山期、喜山期构造的古应力场。
在对研究区已知油气田解剖的基础上,系统论述了断层、不整合、构造叠加对油气的控制作用。并对研究区生、储、盖及其组合进行了研究,重点解剖了石炭系构造气藏的成藏体系、气藏特点及油气聚集规律,分析了二叠系生物礁类型及成礁序列、生物礁气藏特点及成藏模式,以及中三叠统构造-岩性气藏的基本特点和油气聚集规律。在以上综合研究基础上,对本区油气勘探前景区进行了预测,认为勘探重点应是南大巴山推覆前缘和米仓山—大巴山前缘的前陆盆地地区为油气勘探重点构造带。
Northeast Regional Of Sichuan lies in the north of Qingling and Yangzi Block,abus Longmen mountain thrust nappe tectonics in west, abuts South China fold systerm in Southeast. According to tectonics deformation, evolution characters and geological conditions, we studied the relationship of between Daba mountain thrust nappe and the formation of oil-gas.
Daba mountain arc thrust nappe tectonics lie in the boundary of Sichuan province, Shanxi province and Hubei province, which separate Qinling and Yangzi block. There are Hannan block in the northwest and Huangling block in the east. Its extended direction is east-northeast in the northwest area, east-west in the middle area and east-northeast in the southeast area,being a southwestward arc made up of many thrust nappes. The main characters of Daba mountain thrust nappe tectonics are a series of arcual fractures and drapes among folds.Based on Chengkou-Fangxian fracture and Zhenba-Jiming temple fracture from north-west to west-south, there are three conformation zones as follows: north Dabas mountain nappe thrust folds,south Daba mountain nappe front thrust folds and south Daba mountain nappe front detachment folds.According to the involved periods of nappe tectonics,the relationship of strta nappe before and after, space and complex relationship in different nappe tectonics periods, we devided Daba mountain tectonics into yingzi period, yangshan period and xishan period.In short,Daba mountain arcual thrust nappes have different cause of formation and complex tectonics of various period.
Combing the basin paleogeography and the evolution of structure, the basin evolutions were devided into craton depression in Early Palaeozoic, craton depression in Late Palaeozoic, foreland basin in Mosozoic, Land collision from Triassic period to Sinian period, and the stage of structure evolution in Mesozoic. By the analysis to the chronogenesis of NE、NW、EW structure in the Northeast of Sishuan ,and the compound analogy of Daba mountain structure belt with West Xiang’E structure belt, three stages which were Indo-chinese stage, Yanshan stage and Himalayan stage could be separated in the studied area. By statistics and analysis of fold axis、lines and conjugate joints in structures of every stages, the paleotectonic stress fields in Indo-chinese stage, Yanshan stage and Himalayan stage were resumed.
Based on anatomizing known oil-gas fields in the field investigation, discussed systermical faults 、unconformity 、tectonic facies and its oil-gas-controlling. And researched source-reservoir-caprock and its associations, emphasis on anatomizing petroleum-entrapped systerm、properties of natural pools reservoirs and oil-gas accumulation regular pattern of Steep structure gas reservoirs, analysed Permian organic reef type、reef-building sequence、properties of natural pools reservoirs and model for formation reservoir ,and basic properties 、oil-gas accumulation regular pattern of middle Traiassic stratigraph reservoir. Based on above integrational research, forcasted oil-gas exploration prospect in the field investigation, we pointed out that South Daba mountain nappe front zones and Micang mountain foreland basin should be paid more and more attention to.
大巴山逆冲推覆构造带位于川、陕、鄂交界处,分隔着秦岭造山带与扬子地块。该带西北端受汉南地块限制,东部有黄陵地块的阻挡,其展布方向由西北部的北北东向、中部的近东西向、至东南部的北东东向,呈一向西南凸出的弧形,是由一系列呈向西南突出的巨型逆冲推覆断裂带构成。大巴山逆冲推覆构造以发育一系列的弧形逆冲断裂及断裂间所加褶皱断块为基本特征。自北东向西南,以城口-房县断裂、镇巴-鸡鸣寺断裂为界,可将大巴山逆冲推覆构造划分为北大巴山冲断褶带、南大巴山冲断褶带及南大巴山推覆前锋扩展褶皱带三部分;根据卷入推覆构造的地层年代、推覆前后地层接触关系、不同期推覆构造间的空间交切、复合关系等标志来判定,大巴山弧形推覆构造主要是印支、燕山和喜山三期推覆构造的叠加复合。因此,大巴山弧形构造带是一个具多成因、多期构造叠加的复杂弧形逆冲推覆构造带。
结合盆地古地理与构造演化分析,将盆地演化划分为早古生代的克拉通拗陷、晚古生代的克拉通裂陷和中生代的前陆盆地以及三叠纪至震旦纪的陆陆碰撞、中新生代的陆内造山构造演化阶段。通过对川东北地区NE、NW、EW 向构造相互形成时序关系分析,并与大巴山构造带及湘鄂西构造带的交切复合类比,从而在研究区筛分出印支、燕山和喜山三期构造。通过对各期构造的褶皱轴迹和共轭节理的统计分析,恢复了印支期、燕山期、喜山期构造的古应力场。
在对研究区已知油气田解剖的基础上,系统论述了断层、不整合、构造叠加对油气的控制作用。并对研究区生、储、盖及其组合进行了研究,重点解剖了石炭系构造气藏的成藏体系、气藏特点及油气聚集规律,分析了二叠系生物礁类型及成礁序列、生物礁气藏特点及成藏模式,以及中三叠统构造-岩性气藏的基本特点和油气聚集规律。在以上综合研究基础上,对本区油气勘探前景区进行了预测,认为勘探重点应是南大巴山推覆前缘和米仓山—大巴山前缘的前陆盆地地区为油气勘探重点构造带。
Northeast Regional Of Sichuan lies in the north of Qingling and Yangzi Block,abus Longmen mountain thrust nappe tectonics in west, abuts South China fold systerm in Southeast. According to tectonics deformation, evolution characters and geological conditions, we studied the relationship of between Daba mountain thrust nappe and the formation of oil-gas.
Daba mountain arc thrust nappe tectonics lie in the boundary of Sichuan province, Shanxi province and Hubei province, which separate Qinling and Yangzi block. There are Hannan block in the northwest and Huangling block in the east. Its extended direction is east-northeast in the northwest area, east-west in the middle area and east-northeast in the southeast area,being a southwestward arc made up of many thrust nappes. The main characters of Daba mountain thrust nappe tectonics are a series of arcual fractures and drapes among folds.Based on Chengkou-Fangxian fracture and Zhenba-Jiming temple fracture from north-west to west-south, there are three conformation zones as follows: north Dabas mountain nappe thrust folds,south Daba mountain nappe front thrust folds and south Daba mountain nappe front detachment folds.According to the involved periods of nappe tectonics,the relationship of strta nappe before and after, space and complex relationship in different nappe tectonics periods, we devided Daba mountain tectonics into yingzi period, yangshan period and xishan period.In short,Daba mountain arcual thrust nappes have different cause of formation and complex tectonics of various period.
Combing the basin paleogeography and the evolution of structure, the basin evolutions were devided into craton depression in Early Palaeozoic, craton depression in Late Palaeozoic, foreland basin in Mosozoic, Land collision from Triassic period to Sinian period, and the stage of structure evolution in Mesozoic. By the analysis to the chronogenesis of NE、NW、EW structure in the Northeast of Sishuan ,and the compound analogy of Daba mountain structure belt with West Xiang’E structure belt, three stages which were Indo-chinese stage, Yanshan stage and Himalayan stage could be separated in the studied area. By statistics and analysis of fold axis、lines and conjugate joints in structures of every stages, the paleotectonic stress fields in Indo-chinese stage, Yanshan stage and Himalayan stage were resumed.
Based on anatomizing known oil-gas fields in the field investigation, discussed systermical faults 、unconformity 、tectonic facies and its oil-gas-controlling. And researched source-reservoir-caprock and its associations, emphasis on anatomizing petroleum-entrapped systerm、properties of natural pools reservoirs and oil-gas accumulation regular pattern of Steep structure gas reservoirs, analysed Permian organic reef type、reef-building sequence、properties of natural pools reservoirs and model for formation reservoir ,and basic properties 、oil-gas accumulation regular pattern of middle Traiassic stratigraph reservoir. Based on above integrational research, forcasted oil-gas exploration prospect in the field investigation, we pointed out that South Daba mountain nappe front zones and Micang mountain foreland basin should be paid more and more attention to.
引文
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