四种直翅目昆虫雄性生殖系统一氧化氮合酶的分布
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摘要
一氧化氮(nitric oxide NO)作为重要的生物信使分子和效应分子,参与调节昆虫嗅觉、视觉、机械感受、发育、机体防御及学习等行为。一氧化氮在生殖系统中的作用逐渐被人们所重视,成为生殖生物学家研究的新领域,尤其在哺乳动物的研究中取得了令人瞩目的成果,近年来在低等动物中的作用也进行了比较深入的研究。
本文首次利用还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸NADPH黄递酶组织化学方法,对硕螽(Deracantha onos)、优雅蝈螽(Gampsocleis gratiosa)、黄脸油葫芦(Teleogryllus emma)、家蟀(Cryllus domesticus)雄性生殖系统中一氧化氮合酶(nitric oxide synthase NOS)的分布进行了定位研究。结果表明,一氧化氮合酶阳性反应发生在精子发生中各级生精细胞的胞质中,由精原细胞群包围着的端胞呈一氧化氮合酶强阳性反应,精原细胞呈强阳性反应,胞质着色为深蓝色。精母细胞呈一氧化氮合酶阳性,精子呈阳性,胞质着色为浅蓝色。输精管细胞呈一氧化氮合酶阳性反应,附腺管壁细胞呈阳性反应。提示一氧化氮不仅参与了精子发生过程,还参与了精子的输送。
本研究利用石蜡切片技术和光学显微镜观察,研究了雄性优雅蛔螽的附腺和储精囊的结构,结果表明：由中胚层发育而来的附腺由粗腺管、细腺管和透明管三种构成,一端开口于射精管,另一端封闭的腺管组成,其组织由里到外为上皮层、底膜、肌肉层和结缔组织膜,并按分泌物将腺管分为酸性腺管和碱性腺管,也可分为颗粒腺管、粘液性腺管和混合性腺管。这些腺管于成虫前后期在大小、上皮细胞、分泌物发生一些变化。精子在储精囊中成团分布,储精囊具柱状上皮细胞和分泌细胞,底膜和肌肉层较发达,围脏膜中有气管,其盲端和中后段组织结构有差异。
我们运用酶组织化学染色方法对四种直翅目昆虫精子发生中的表达进行研究,了解一氧化氮在直翅目昆虫精子发生中的作用；同时对雄性附腺进行了酶组织化学染色,并与其石蜡切片比较,证明附腺由粗腺管、细腺管和透明管三种构成；细腺管比粗腺管管壁发达,两种结果相一致。
As a message and effect molecule in insects, nitric oxide is involved in olfaction,vision, touch,development,defensive behavior and learning. The action of NO in reproductive system were gradually noticed, and turned into a new research area. The remarkable achievements have been attained in higher mammal. As for the studies of NO in invertebrates, we have attained some achievements in recent year.
The distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in male reproductive system of Deracantha onos, Gampsocleis gratiosa, Teleogryllus emma, Cryllus domesticus was studied with NADPH-diaphorase histochemical method. The results showed that nitric oxide synthase positive reaction could be found in the cytoplasm of spermatogenic cells in the different stages of the spermatogenesis in four species.There were NOS strong positive reactions in apical cells and spermatogonia, cytoplasms were stained with some heavy blue. Spermatocytes and sperms shows nitric oxide synthase weak positive reaction, the cytoplasm was stained with some light black. The results showed that nitric oxide synthase reaction is positive in spermaductus and male accessory gland cells of four species, NOS negative reaction appeared in the content of male accessory gland. It indicate nitric oxide not only participated in spermatogenesis, but also in the delivery of sperm and so on.
The structure and function of the male accessory gland and seminal vesicle in Gampsocleis gratiosa, are studied with gland specimen, parattin sections and light microscopy method. The results are showed as follows:The mesoderm accessory glands of Gampsocleis gratiosa includes three types:gross, slender and hyaline gland. The histological coarse structure of male mesodern accessory glands showed it consisted of four layers:simple epithelium, basal lamella, muscle layer and peritoneal membrane. It is classified:acidity and basicity. The contents shows three states:particulate, mucus and mixture. The size, epithelial cells and secretion changed after eclosion. Seminal vesicle, scsttered with united sperm,consisted of four layers:columner cell and secretary cell, developed basal lamella and muscle layer, peritoneal membrane,the blind and the other part had some difference in histological structure.
We studied here the distribution of NOS during the spermatogenesis of four Orthoptroa insects by enzy histochemcal method.The result demostrate that NO may particiapate in the process of those insects permatogenesis. Meanwhile the male accessory gland to carry on the enzyme histochemistry to dye, and compared with its paraffin section, proved that the male accessory gland classified by the gross, slender and hyaline gland. The slender duct is more developed than the gross glandular duct wall, two results consistent.
本文首次利用还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸NADPH黄递酶组织化学方法,对硕螽(Deracantha onos)、优雅蝈螽(Gampsocleis gratiosa)、黄脸油葫芦(Teleogryllus emma)、家蟀(Cryllus domesticus)雄性生殖系统中一氧化氮合酶(nitric oxide synthase NOS)的分布进行了定位研究。结果表明,一氧化氮合酶阳性反应发生在精子发生中各级生精细胞的胞质中,由精原细胞群包围着的端胞呈一氧化氮合酶强阳性反应,精原细胞呈强阳性反应,胞质着色为深蓝色。精母细胞呈一氧化氮合酶阳性,精子呈阳性,胞质着色为浅蓝色。输精管细胞呈一氧化氮合酶阳性反应,附腺管壁细胞呈阳性反应。提示一氧化氮不仅参与了精子发生过程,还参与了精子的输送。
本研究利用石蜡切片技术和光学显微镜观察,研究了雄性优雅蛔螽的附腺和储精囊的结构,结果表明：由中胚层发育而来的附腺由粗腺管、细腺管和透明管三种构成,一端开口于射精管,另一端封闭的腺管组成,其组织由里到外为上皮层、底膜、肌肉层和结缔组织膜,并按分泌物将腺管分为酸性腺管和碱性腺管,也可分为颗粒腺管、粘液性腺管和混合性腺管。这些腺管于成虫前后期在大小、上皮细胞、分泌物发生一些变化。精子在储精囊中成团分布,储精囊具柱状上皮细胞和分泌细胞,底膜和肌肉层较发达,围脏膜中有气管,其盲端和中后段组织结构有差异。
我们运用酶组织化学染色方法对四种直翅目昆虫精子发生中的表达进行研究,了解一氧化氮在直翅目昆虫精子发生中的作用；同时对雄性附腺进行了酶组织化学染色,并与其石蜡切片比较,证明附腺由粗腺管、细腺管和透明管三种构成；细腺管比粗腺管管壁发达,两种结果相一致。
As a message and effect molecule in insects, nitric oxide is involved in olfaction,vision, touch,development,defensive behavior and learning. The action of NO in reproductive system were gradually noticed, and turned into a new research area. The remarkable achievements have been attained in higher mammal. As for the studies of NO in invertebrates, we have attained some achievements in recent year.
The distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in male reproductive system of Deracantha onos, Gampsocleis gratiosa, Teleogryllus emma, Cryllus domesticus was studied with NADPH-diaphorase histochemical method. The results showed that nitric oxide synthase positive reaction could be found in the cytoplasm of spermatogenic cells in the different stages of the spermatogenesis in four species.There were NOS strong positive reactions in apical cells and spermatogonia, cytoplasms were stained with some heavy blue. Spermatocytes and sperms shows nitric oxide synthase weak positive reaction, the cytoplasm was stained with some light black. The results showed that nitric oxide synthase reaction is positive in spermaductus and male accessory gland cells of four species, NOS negative reaction appeared in the content of male accessory gland. It indicate nitric oxide not only participated in spermatogenesis, but also in the delivery of sperm and so on.
The structure and function of the male accessory gland and seminal vesicle in Gampsocleis gratiosa, are studied with gland specimen, parattin sections and light microscopy method. The results are showed as follows:The mesoderm accessory glands of Gampsocleis gratiosa includes three types:gross, slender and hyaline gland. The histological coarse structure of male mesodern accessory glands showed it consisted of four layers:simple epithelium, basal lamella, muscle layer and peritoneal membrane. It is classified:acidity and basicity. The contents shows three states:particulate, mucus and mixture. The size, epithelial cells and secretion changed after eclosion. Seminal vesicle, scsttered with united sperm,consisted of four layers:columner cell and secretary cell, developed basal lamella and muscle layer, peritoneal membrane,the blind and the other part had some difference in histological structure.
We studied here the distribution of NOS during the spermatogenesis of four Orthoptroa insects by enzy histochemcal method.The result demostrate that NO may particiapate in the process of those insects permatogenesis. Meanwhile the male accessory gland to carry on the enzyme histochemistry to dye, and compared with its paraffin section, proved that the male accessory gland classified by the gross, slender and hyaline gland. The slender duct is more developed than the gross glandular duct wall, two results consistent.
引文
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[2]王晓安,郑哲民.昆虫一氧化氮及其合酶的研究进展[J].昆虫知识，2003,40(2)：112-118.
[3]Anggard E. Nitric oxide:mediator, murderer and medicine[J].Lancet,1994,343 (8907):1199-1206.
[4]Nathanc, Xie QW. Nitric oxide synthase:roles, tolls, and controls[J].Cell,1994,78:915-922.
[5]刘建国,陈明哲,王宪.一氧化氮和细胞因子之间的相互调节作用[J].生理科学进展,2000,31(1)：61-64.
[6]王文重,高继国.NO在植物体内产生的途径及其作用[J].东北农业大学学报,2006,37(4)：546-551.
[7]吴玉厚等.一氧化氮的细胞内信号传导[J].河南师范大学学报,2004,32(1)：115-118.
[8]张日华.一氧化氮的双重作用[J].赤峰学院学报,2006,22(2)：12-13.
[9]李倩,程津培,何家骐等.一氧化氮生物有机化学研究进展[J].高等学校化学报,2001,12(12)：2026-2031.
[10]牟冬生.一氧化氮的研究进展[J].湖北民族学院学报(医学版),2001,18(1)：40-43.
[11]王迎伟.一氧化氮与肾脏疾病[J].徐州学院学报,1999,12(1)：169.
[12]赵志光.植物一氧化氮(No)研究进展[J].植物学通报,2002,19(6)：659-665.
[13]张世仪,王松岩,陈纪君等.与学习记忆相关的脑内cGMP的表达及其与一氧化氮的关系[J].基础医学与临床,2000,20(1)：60-62.
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