高功率超宽带喇叭天线研究
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摘要
本文基于TEM喇叭天线的基本模型,设计了一种新型的飘带喇叭天线。该设计兼顾了天线的辐射效率和轻量化等方面的考虑,用两根弯曲的窄带代替了基本模型中的上板,使得飘带喇叭天线可以工作在更低的频率范围内。文中首先针对该喇叭天线的一些重要物理尺寸,利用ANSOFT HFSS仿真软件进行了分析,得到了飘带喇叭天线的各个参数与天线性能之间的关系。仿真结果表明该模型有效的改善了TEM喇叭天线的低频性能,展宽了天线的频带。而与其它TEM喇叭天线相比,此设计减少了巴伦结构。其次,在飘带喇叭天线的模型基础上,经过对初步模型进行调整,优化了窄带结构的设计形式,使得其渐变方式更加灵活,并且采用了上下一致的渐变过程。仿真结果表明:改进的飘带喇叭天线模型与初步模型相比,更加有效地提高了天线在低频频段的辐射性能,减少了能量的反射,同时工作频率范围也有了进一步的展宽。改进的飘带喇叭天线在0.1GHz～4GHz频率范围内,VSWR保持低于2.0,与初步模型相比,大幅降低了天线的驻波,增加了天线的实用性。最后,对飘带喇叭天线的初步模型进行了组阵,用以提高天线的增益以及改善天线的辐射方向图。
In this paper, a novel horn antenna named ribbon horn antenna is proposed. Takingantenna radiation performance and light weight into account, the novel ribbon hornantenna uses two curved ribbons substituting the top plate of the basic model. Due tothe ribbon structure, the antenna can operate at lower frequency bands compared withthe other TEM horn antennas. Firstly, the important size of the ribbon horn antennacould be analyzed using ANSOFT HFSS simulation software. The results show that thelow frequency characteristics of the antenna have been modified, and the operatingfrequency range has been extended correspondingly. And it possesses much lessreflection without balun as other TEM horn antennas. Secondly, based on the basicribbon horn antenna, improved antenna model has been adjusted. Ribbon structure isoptimized, making the design more flexible and gradual structural symmetry. It can beobtained that the improved ribbon horn antenna model is more effective in improvingthe radiation performance and reducing energy reflection compared with the originalmodel. The operating frequency range has been further broadened, which is from 22MHz to 1000 MHz for VSWR less than 2.0. That increases the practical range of theantenna. Finally, the antenna array consisted of the original model enhance the gain andimprove the radiation pattern.
In this paper, a novel horn antenna named ribbon horn antenna is proposed. Takingantenna radiation performance and light weight into account, the novel ribbon hornantenna uses two curved ribbons substituting the top plate of the basic model. Due tothe ribbon structure, the antenna can operate at lower frequency bands compared withthe other TEM horn antennas. Firstly, the important size of the ribbon horn antennacould be analyzed using ANSOFT HFSS simulation software. The results show that thelow frequency characteristics of the antenna have been modified, and the operatingfrequency range has been extended correspondingly. And it possesses much lessreflection without balun as other TEM horn antennas. Secondly, based on the basicribbon horn antenna, improved antenna model has been adjusted. Ribbon structure isoptimized, making the design more flexible and gradual structural symmetry. It can beobtained that the improved ribbon horn antenna model is more effective in improvingthe radiation performance and reducing energy reflection compared with the originalmodel. The operating frequency range has been further broadened, which is from 22MHz to 1000 MHz for VSWR less than 2.0. That increases the practical range of theantenna. Finally, the antenna array consisted of the original model enhance the gain andimprove the radiation pattern.
引文
[1] John D.Kraus,Ronald J.Marhefka著.章文勋译.天线[M]北京:电子工业出版社. 2004.
[2]卢万铮.天线理论与技术[M].西安电子科技大学出版社. 2004.
[3]宋铮,张建华,黄冶.天线与电波传播[M].西安电子科技大学出版社. 2003.
[4]周朝栋,王元坤,杨恩耀.天线与电波[M].西安电子科技大学出版社. 1999.
[5]魏文元,宫德明,陈必森.天线原理[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.
[6]张强.同轴馈电双波段馈源系统的研究[D].国防科学技术大学,2008.
[7]赵顺.高功率超宽带脉冲辐射源的4×4阵列天线设计[D].沈阳理工大学,2008.
[8]李相强.高功率径向线螺旋阵列天线研究[D].西南交通大学,2008.
[9]张跃远.超宽带高功率天线及实验研究[D].国防科学技术大学,2003.
[10]刘伟.超宽带双脊喇叭天线的设计与分析[D].西安理工大学,2008.
[11]王华.超宽带天线的研究与设计[D].南京理工大学,2009.
[12]毕丹宏.新型超宽带微带天线的研究与设计[D].电子科技大学,2009.
[13] Lee R T , Smith G S. A design study for the basic TEM horn antenna [J].Antennas and Propagation Magazine, IEEE, 2004, 46: 86– 92
[14] Shlager K L, Smith G S, Maloney J G. Accurate analysis of TEM horn antennasfor pulse radiation [J]. Electromagnetic Compatibility, IEEE Transactions on, 1996, 38:414– 423
[15] McGrath D T, Baum C E, Scanning and impedance properties of TEM hornarrays for transient radiation [J]. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on, 1999,47: 469– 473
[16] Karshenas F., Mallahzadeh A.R., Imani A.; Modified TEM horn antenna forwideband applications [C]. Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics and theCanadian Radio Science Meeting, 2009. ANTEM/URSI 2009. 13th InternationalSymposium on, 2009, 1– 5
[17] Amineh R.K., Trehan A., Nikolova N.K. Ultra wide band TEM horn antenna formicrowave imaging of the breast[C]. Antennas and Propagation Society InternationalSymposium, 2009.APSURSI '09. IEEE ,2009, 1– 4
[18] Ranga Y., Verma A.K., Esselle K.P. Planar Monopole Fed, Surface MountedQuasi TEM Horn Antenna for UWB Systems [J]. Antennas and Propagation, IEEETransactions on 2010,58: 2436– 2439
[19] Amineh R.K., Nikolova N.K. Design, fabrication, and characterization ofultra wide band TEM horn for microwave imaging [C]. Antenna Technology andApplied Electromagnetics & the American Electromagnetics Conference(ANTEM AMEREM), 2010 14th International Symposium on. 2010, 1– 4
[20] Guan Yu Chen, Jwo Shiun Sun, Sen Yi Huang, Chuang Jen Huang, Kuo LiangWu, Chen, Y.D., Cheng Hung Lin. The Tapered TEM Horn Antenna Design for EMCand Radiation Measurement [C]. Antennas, Propagation & EM Theory, 2006. ISAPE'06. 7th International Symposium on. 2006, 1– 4
[21] Hradecky Z., Holub A. Broadband TEM horn antenna with dielectric lens forUWB measurement [C]. Antennas and Propagation, 2009. EuCAP 2009. 3rd EuropeanConference on. 2009, 3348– 3351
[22] Dau Chyrh Chang, Cheng Wei Chen, Shao Hsiang Yen. UWB balun for TEMhorn antenna [C]. Applications of Electromagnetism and Student InnovationCompetitionAwards (AEM2C), 2010 International Conference on. 2010, 279– 283
[23] Malherbe J.A.G. Superelliptic TEM horn [C]. Microwave Conference (EuMC),2010 European. 2010, 735– 738
[24] Chen L.L., Liao C., Lei Chang, Xuan Zheng, Gang Su, Jian Fang. A novelultra wideband knife shape TEM horn antenna design for transient application [C].Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT), 2010 International Conferenceon, 2010, 355– 358
[25]邱景辉,索莹,袁业术,杨彩田.超宽带TEM喇叭天线的研究与设计[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报2009,30:219-222
[26]原艳宁.电磁振子组合型超宽带天线的数值分析[D].西安理工大学,2007
[27] Kyung Ho Chung, Sung Ho Pyun, Chung S Y, Jae Hoon Choi. Design of awideband TEM horn antenna [C]. Antennas and Propagation Society InternationalSymposium, 2003.IEEE. 2003, 1: 229– 232
[28] Chien ping Kao, Jing Li, Liu R, Yu Cai. Design and Analysis of UWB TEMHorn Antenna for Ground Penetrating Radar Applications [C]. Geoscience and RemoteSensing Symposium, 2008. IGARSS 2008. IEEE International, 2008, 4: 569 572
[29] Xiaolong Liu, Gang Wang, Wenbing Wang. Design and performance of TEMhorn antenna with low frequency compensation[C]. Environmental Electromagnetics,2003. CEEM 2003. Proceedings.Asia Pacific Conference on. 2003, 4 7 Nov: 306– 309
[30] Huang Y, Nakhkash M, Zhang J T. A dielectric material loaded TEM hornantenna [C]. Antennas and Propagation, 2003. (ICAP 2003). Twelfth InternationalConference on (Conf.Publ. No.491). 2003, 2: 489 492
[31] Kyungho Chung, Pyun S, Jaehoon Choi. Design of an ultrawide band TEM hornantenna with a microstrip type balun [J]. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactionson. 2005, 53: 3410– 3413
[32] J. A. G Malherbe, N. Barnes. TEM horn antenna with an elliptic profile [J].Microwave and Optical Technology Letters. 2007, 49: 1548– 1551
[33] Hecken, R.P. A Near Optimum Matching Section without Discontinuities[J].Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on. 1972, 20: 734 739
[34] R.F.S. Ross, M.J. Howes. Simple formulas for microstrip lines[J]. Electron Lett.1976, 12: 410.
[35]谢拥军,王鹏等. Ansoft HFSS原理及应用[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社. 2007
[36]谢拥军,刘莹等. HFSS原理与工程应用[M].北京:科学出版社. 2009.
[37] Ying Suo, Jinghui Qiu, Yeshu Yuan. Design and analysis of TEM horn antennasfor ultra wideband technology[C]. Electromagnetic Compatibility and 19thInternational Zurich Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2008. APEMC2008.Asia Pacific Symposium on. 2008, 415– 418
[38] Andriianov A. Generators, antennas and registrator for UWB radar application[C].Ultra Wideband Systems, 2004. Joint with Conference on Ultrawideband Systems andTechnologies. Joint UWBST & IWUWBS. 2004 International Workshop on. 2004, 135– 139
[39] Kolokotronis D.A., Huang Y., Zhang J.T. Design of TEM horn antennas forimpulse radar[C]. High Frequency Postgraduate Student Colloquium, 1999, 120– 126
[40] Jing Li, Zhu X.Y., Wang M.X., Lang Jen. A new design of TEM horn antennasfor pulse radiation[C]. Microwave Conference Proceedings, 1997. APMC '97, 1997Asia Pacific, 1997, 2: 629– 631
[41]陈聪,高火涛,秦晨清.超宽带TEM喇叭天线阻抗加载的时域分析[J].现代雷达2009,31:64 66
[42]王长华,王秩雄,宋爱民,牛红波.超宽带TEM喇叭天线的研究[J].通信技术2010, 43:34 36
[43]廖勇.超宽带TEM喇叭天线阵列辐射特性初步研究[D].中国工程物理研究院,2003.
[44]刘小龙.超宽带高功率脉冲天线研究[D].西安交通大学,2003.
[45]席晓莉,原艳宁,易超龙等.电磁振子组合型超宽带天线数值分析[J].强激光与粒子束2007,19:103 106
[2]卢万铮.天线理论与技术[M].西安电子科技大学出版社. 2004.
[3]宋铮,张建华,黄冶.天线与电波传播[M].西安电子科技大学出版社. 2003.
[4]周朝栋,王元坤,杨恩耀.天线与电波[M].西安电子科技大学出版社. 1999.
[5]魏文元,宫德明,陈必森.天线原理[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.
[6]张强.同轴馈电双波段馈源系统的研究[D].国防科学技术大学,2008.
[7]赵顺.高功率超宽带脉冲辐射源的4×4阵列天线设计[D].沈阳理工大学,2008.
[8]李相强.高功率径向线螺旋阵列天线研究[D].西南交通大学,2008.
[9]张跃远.超宽带高功率天线及实验研究[D].国防科学技术大学,2003.
[10]刘伟.超宽带双脊喇叭天线的设计与分析[D].西安理工大学,2008.
[11]王华.超宽带天线的研究与设计[D].南京理工大学,2009.
[12]毕丹宏.新型超宽带微带天线的研究与设计[D].电子科技大学,2009.
[13] Lee R T , Smith G S. A design study for the basic TEM horn antenna [J].Antennas and Propagation Magazine, IEEE, 2004, 46: 86– 92
[14] Shlager K L, Smith G S, Maloney J G. Accurate analysis of TEM horn antennasfor pulse radiation [J]. Electromagnetic Compatibility, IEEE Transactions on, 1996, 38:414– 423
[15] McGrath D T, Baum C E, Scanning and impedance properties of TEM hornarrays for transient radiation [J]. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on, 1999,47: 469– 473
[16] Karshenas F., Mallahzadeh A.R., Imani A.; Modified TEM horn antenna forwideband applications [C]. Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics and theCanadian Radio Science Meeting, 2009. ANTEM/URSI 2009. 13th InternationalSymposium on, 2009, 1– 5
[17] Amineh R.K., Trehan A., Nikolova N.K. Ultra wide band TEM horn antenna formicrowave imaging of the breast[C]. Antennas and Propagation Society InternationalSymposium, 2009.APSURSI '09. IEEE ,2009, 1– 4
[18] Ranga Y., Verma A.K., Esselle K.P. Planar Monopole Fed, Surface MountedQuasi TEM Horn Antenna for UWB Systems [J]. Antennas and Propagation, IEEETransactions on 2010,58: 2436– 2439
[19] Amineh R.K., Nikolova N.K. Design, fabrication, and characterization ofultra wide band TEM horn for microwave imaging [C]. Antenna Technology andApplied Electromagnetics & the American Electromagnetics Conference(ANTEM AMEREM), 2010 14th International Symposium on. 2010, 1– 4
[20] Guan Yu Chen, Jwo Shiun Sun, Sen Yi Huang, Chuang Jen Huang, Kuo LiangWu, Chen, Y.D., Cheng Hung Lin. The Tapered TEM Horn Antenna Design for EMCand Radiation Measurement [C]. Antennas, Propagation & EM Theory, 2006. ISAPE'06. 7th International Symposium on. 2006, 1– 4
[21] Hradecky Z., Holub A. Broadband TEM horn antenna with dielectric lens forUWB measurement [C]. Antennas and Propagation, 2009. EuCAP 2009. 3rd EuropeanConference on. 2009, 3348– 3351
[22] Dau Chyrh Chang, Cheng Wei Chen, Shao Hsiang Yen. UWB balun for TEMhorn antenna [C]. Applications of Electromagnetism and Student InnovationCompetitionAwards (AEM2C), 2010 International Conference on. 2010, 279– 283
[23] Malherbe J.A.G. Superelliptic TEM horn [C]. Microwave Conference (EuMC),2010 European. 2010, 735– 738
[24] Chen L.L., Liao C., Lei Chang, Xuan Zheng, Gang Su, Jian Fang. A novelultra wideband knife shape TEM horn antenna design for transient application [C].Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT), 2010 International Conferenceon, 2010, 355– 358
[25]邱景辉,索莹,袁业术,杨彩田.超宽带TEM喇叭天线的研究与设计[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报2009,30:219-222
[26]原艳宁.电磁振子组合型超宽带天线的数值分析[D].西安理工大学,2007
[27] Kyung Ho Chung, Sung Ho Pyun, Chung S Y, Jae Hoon Choi. Design of awideband TEM horn antenna [C]. Antennas and Propagation Society InternationalSymposium, 2003.IEEE. 2003, 1: 229– 232
[28] Chien ping Kao, Jing Li, Liu R, Yu Cai. Design and Analysis of UWB TEMHorn Antenna for Ground Penetrating Radar Applications [C]. Geoscience and RemoteSensing Symposium, 2008. IGARSS 2008. IEEE International, 2008, 4: 569 572
[29] Xiaolong Liu, Gang Wang, Wenbing Wang. Design and performance of TEMhorn antenna with low frequency compensation[C]. Environmental Electromagnetics,2003. CEEM 2003. Proceedings.Asia Pacific Conference on. 2003, 4 7 Nov: 306– 309
[30] Huang Y, Nakhkash M, Zhang J T. A dielectric material loaded TEM hornantenna [C]. Antennas and Propagation, 2003. (ICAP 2003). Twelfth InternationalConference on (Conf.Publ. No.491). 2003, 2: 489 492
[31] Kyungho Chung, Pyun S, Jaehoon Choi. Design of an ultrawide band TEM hornantenna with a microstrip type balun [J]. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactionson. 2005, 53: 3410– 3413
[32] J. A. G Malherbe, N. Barnes. TEM horn antenna with an elliptic profile [J].Microwave and Optical Technology Letters. 2007, 49: 1548– 1551
[33] Hecken, R.P. A Near Optimum Matching Section without Discontinuities[J].Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on. 1972, 20: 734 739
[34] R.F.S. Ross, M.J. Howes. Simple formulas for microstrip lines[J]. Electron Lett.1976, 12: 410.
[35]谢拥军,王鹏等. Ansoft HFSS原理及应用[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社. 2007
[36]谢拥军,刘莹等. HFSS原理与工程应用[M].北京:科学出版社. 2009.
[37] Ying Suo, Jinghui Qiu, Yeshu Yuan. Design and analysis of TEM horn antennasfor ultra wideband technology[C]. Electromagnetic Compatibility and 19thInternational Zurich Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2008. APEMC2008.Asia Pacific Symposium on. 2008, 415– 418
[38] Andriianov A. Generators, antennas and registrator for UWB radar application[C].Ultra Wideband Systems, 2004. Joint with Conference on Ultrawideband Systems andTechnologies. Joint UWBST & IWUWBS. 2004 International Workshop on. 2004, 135– 139
[39] Kolokotronis D.A., Huang Y., Zhang J.T. Design of TEM horn antennas forimpulse radar[C]. High Frequency Postgraduate Student Colloquium, 1999, 120– 126
[40] Jing Li, Zhu X.Y., Wang M.X., Lang Jen. A new design of TEM horn antennasfor pulse radiation[C]. Microwave Conference Proceedings, 1997. APMC '97, 1997Asia Pacific, 1997, 2: 629– 631
[41]陈聪,高火涛,秦晨清.超宽带TEM喇叭天线阻抗加载的时域分析[J].现代雷达2009,31:64 66
[42]王长华,王秩雄,宋爱民,牛红波.超宽带TEM喇叭天线的研究[J].通信技术2010, 43:34 36
[43]廖勇.超宽带TEM喇叭天线阵列辐射特性初步研究[D].中国工程物理研究院,2003.
[44]刘小龙.超宽带高功率脉冲天线研究[D].西安交通大学,2003.
[45]席晓莉,原艳宁,易超龙等.电磁振子组合型超宽带天线数值分析[J].强激光与粒子束2007,19:103 106
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