直流侧串联型有源电力滤波器的建模与控制研究
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摘要
由于电力电子装置在电力系统、各工业部门以及家庭和民用事业中的广泛应用,其产生的谐波已成为电力系统中电力谐波的主要来源,面对电力谐波造成日益严重的危害,世界各国对谐波问题的研究给予了高度的重视,不仅制定了相应的谐波标准和规则,而且积极开展谐波治理方法的研究。有源电力滤波器(APF Active Power Filter)可以对这种已经存在的谐波污染进行治理,被认为是一种相当有效和有发展前途的谐波治理新方法。并联型有源电力滤波器和串联型有源电力滤波器是APF的两种主要电路结构,其中串联型APF对治理电压型谐波源具有明显的优势。本论文针对目前广泛使用的电容滤波的整流桥类电力电子装置引起的谐波污染,提出了一种能有效抑制这类谐波的新型直流侧串联型有源电力滤波器,并进行了深入的研究。研究内容主要包括:单相直流侧串联型APF的拓扑结构、工作原理、数学模型、适合该拓扑结构的控制方法及其该拓扑结构和控制方法在三相整流桥直流侧的应用。
论文主要研究内容和完成的工作如下:
针对单相整流桥负载谐波源的特点,提出一种利用双向电压变换器为主电路的单相直流侧串联型有源电力滤波器的基本拓扑结构,在深入分析该APF主电路工作原理的基础上,针对电压型谐波源负载的特点提出控制策略,推导其控制方式,并给出了电路中关键器件参数的确定方法。
比较分析了直流侧DC-DC变换器、PFC和APF的电路结构之间的关系,着重研究了直流侧APF电路结构的设计思想和工作原理,并根据该电路工作的特点,利用DC-DC变换器建模的基本思想和步骤,采用状态平均模型法,建立了直流侧串联型APF的数学模型,并对其进行了静态分析和动态分析,求出了静态工作点,求出了系统不同输入输出之间的传递函数,为电路拓扑的进一步研究奠定了基础。针对所提出的直流侧串联型APF主电路拓扑,提出了一种不用检测谐波的基于功率平衡原理的滞环控制策略,推导了控制方程,设计了闭环系统的仿真模型,并进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明,基于该控制方式的直流侧串联型APF控制效果好,无论在重载还是轻载情况下,都能快速的反应。
在单相直流侧串联型APF的基础上,针对大量使用三相整流桥负载,将单相直流侧串联型APF推广到三相系统,通过增加一组双向选择开关实现对三相系统的解耦,解耦后为两个独立的单相系统,通过仿真研究验证了电路结构的正确性和控制方法的有效性,使之能适用于大功率整流电路的电力谐波治理领域。完成了从单相到三相的完整系列设计。
研制并调试了一台实验样机,进行额定负载、动态电子负载等实验,实验结果与理论分析和仿真结果一致,由此验证了提出的直流侧串联型APF拓扑结构和基于功率平衡原理的滞环控制方式的正确性和有效性。
With the widely usage of power electronic equipments in the power system, industry department as well as the family and the civil enterprise, the harmonic from these electronics equipments has become the main harmonic source in the power system. As the damage caused by the harmonic is increasingly serious, all country over the world attached importance to the problem. They not only constituted corresponding harmonic standards and rules, but also carried out study of harmonic process. Active power filter (APF) is able to control the harmonic from the electronic equipment and is considered to be an effective and good future method for harmonic process. Shunt APF and series APF are two main circuit configurations. And the series APF has the obvious advantage to the voltage type harmonic source. A novel-style DC side series APF was proposed in this paper in response to the widely used power electronic equipments, just like the rectification bridge. The novel APF can eliminate the harmonic from these equipments. And the paper conducts an in-depth study on the new-style DC side APF.The content mostly includes the topology and the principle of the DC side series APF, mathematical model, and the best control method for the topology as well as the DC side application in the three phase rectification bridge.
The main contents and works are as follows:
A single-phase DC side series APF topology with Bidirectional voltage converter was proposed in the paper, the control strategy was proposed in response to the character of voltage type harmonic source load based on the deep study of the principle of the APF main circuit, the control strategy was derived, and the method for determining the parameter of key component in the circuit was proposed.
The paper comparatively analyzed the relationship of circuit structure between the DC side DC-DC converter, PFC and APF, the design idea and principle of DC side APF circuit structure were studied.Acorrding to the characteristics of the double frequency work mode in the circuit, the mathematical model of DC side series APF was established with the state space average modeling. The static and dynamic state was also analyzed, the static working point and transfer function of different input and output were derived, and all these laid a foundation for the further study.
According to the main circuit of the designed DC side Series APF, the hysteresis control strategy based on the power balance principle was proposed, the control circuit equation is derived and the closed-loop system simulation models was established. The simulation result shows that the DC side series APF based on the control strategy can have rapid response whether in light load or heavy load.
With the large-scale usage of three-phase rectifier bridge load, based on the single-phase DC side series APF, the DC side three-phase series active power filter was proposed by adding a group of bidirectional switches to achieve the decoupling of the three-phase system. So the three-phase system can become two independent single-phase systems. The simulation result verified the correctness of the circuit structure and effectiveness of the control method, so we can apply it to the high-power rectifier circuit in the field of harmonic process. The whole three-phase system was designed.
We developed a single-phase prototype and carried out the experiments, such as rated load experiment, dynamic load experiment. It gives the same result as the theoretical analysis and simulation. With the test results, we proved the accuracy and effectiveness of the topology and control method based on the power balance principle.
论文主要研究内容和完成的工作如下:
针对单相整流桥负载谐波源的特点,提出一种利用双向电压变换器为主电路的单相直流侧串联型有源电力滤波器的基本拓扑结构,在深入分析该APF主电路工作原理的基础上,针对电压型谐波源负载的特点提出控制策略,推导其控制方式,并给出了电路中关键器件参数的确定方法。
比较分析了直流侧DC-DC变换器、PFC和APF的电路结构之间的关系,着重研究了直流侧APF电路结构的设计思想和工作原理,并根据该电路工作的特点,利用DC-DC变换器建模的基本思想和步骤,采用状态平均模型法,建立了直流侧串联型APF的数学模型,并对其进行了静态分析和动态分析,求出了静态工作点,求出了系统不同输入输出之间的传递函数,为电路拓扑的进一步研究奠定了基础。针对所提出的直流侧串联型APF主电路拓扑,提出了一种不用检测谐波的基于功率平衡原理的滞环控制策略,推导了控制方程,设计了闭环系统的仿真模型,并进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明,基于该控制方式的直流侧串联型APF控制效果好,无论在重载还是轻载情况下,都能快速的反应。
在单相直流侧串联型APF的基础上,针对大量使用三相整流桥负载,将单相直流侧串联型APF推广到三相系统,通过增加一组双向选择开关实现对三相系统的解耦,解耦后为两个独立的单相系统,通过仿真研究验证了电路结构的正确性和控制方法的有效性,使之能适用于大功率整流电路的电力谐波治理领域。完成了从单相到三相的完整系列设计。
研制并调试了一台实验样机,进行额定负载、动态电子负载等实验,实验结果与理论分析和仿真结果一致,由此验证了提出的直流侧串联型APF拓扑结构和基于功率平衡原理的滞环控制方式的正确性和有效性。
With the widely usage of power electronic equipments in the power system, industry department as well as the family and the civil enterprise, the harmonic from these electronics equipments has become the main harmonic source in the power system. As the damage caused by the harmonic is increasingly serious, all country over the world attached importance to the problem. They not only constituted corresponding harmonic standards and rules, but also carried out study of harmonic process. Active power filter (APF) is able to control the harmonic from the electronic equipment and is considered to be an effective and good future method for harmonic process. Shunt APF and series APF are two main circuit configurations. And the series APF has the obvious advantage to the voltage type harmonic source. A novel-style DC side series APF was proposed in this paper in response to the widely used power electronic equipments, just like the rectification bridge. The novel APF can eliminate the harmonic from these equipments. And the paper conducts an in-depth study on the new-style DC side APF.The content mostly includes the topology and the principle of the DC side series APF, mathematical model, and the best control method for the topology as well as the DC side application in the three phase rectification bridge.
The main contents and works are as follows:
A single-phase DC side series APF topology with Bidirectional voltage converter was proposed in the paper, the control strategy was proposed in response to the character of voltage type harmonic source load based on the deep study of the principle of the APF main circuit, the control strategy was derived, and the method for determining the parameter of key component in the circuit was proposed.
The paper comparatively analyzed the relationship of circuit structure between the DC side DC-DC converter, PFC and APF, the design idea and principle of DC side APF circuit structure were studied.Acorrding to the characteristics of the double frequency work mode in the circuit, the mathematical model of DC side series APF was established with the state space average modeling. The static and dynamic state was also analyzed, the static working point and transfer function of different input and output were derived, and all these laid a foundation for the further study.
According to the main circuit of the designed DC side Series APF, the hysteresis control strategy based on the power balance principle was proposed, the control circuit equation is derived and the closed-loop system simulation models was established. The simulation result shows that the DC side series APF based on the control strategy can have rapid response whether in light load or heavy load.
With the large-scale usage of three-phase rectifier bridge load, based on the single-phase DC side series APF, the DC side three-phase series active power filter was proposed by adding a group of bidirectional switches to achieve the decoupling of the three-phase system. So the three-phase system can become two independent single-phase systems. The simulation result verified the correctness of the circuit structure and effectiveness of the control method, so we can apply it to the high-power rectifier circuit in the field of harmonic process. The whole three-phase system was designed.
We developed a single-phase prototype and carried out the experiments, such as rated load experiment, dynamic load experiment. It gives the same result as the theoretical analysis and simulation. With the test results, we proved the accuracy and effectiveness of the topology and control method based on the power balance principle.
引文
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