变密度条件下地下水模拟优化研究
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摘要
上世纪80年代以来美国Alabama州Baldwin县南部由于地下水超采而引起的滨海含水层海水入侵问题一直困扰着当地政府和居民。随着人口的增加和经济的发展,该地区地下水的需求不断加大,导致海水入侵问题日渐严峻,而且地下水合理开采的要求也日益迫切。本文利用变密度地下水模拟工具SEAWAT2000、遗传算法和并行技术,对该地区海水入侵建模和地下水开采管理问题以及通用变密度地下水模拟优化模型及其并行计算程序的研发进行了详细的研究,并取得了以下成果:
(1)基于过渡带理论建立了首个描述美国Alabama州Baldwin县南部墨西哥湾附近滨海含水层海水入侵的三维非稳定流变密度地下水有限差分模型—Baldwin南部海水入侵模型,并利用它模拟和预测研究区滨海含水层中海水入侵的动态和未来趋势,结果发现现有各种条件不变情况下未来海水入侵状况将进一步恶化,必须对当地地下水开采井进行优化管理以控制海水入侵的态势。
(2)确立了适用于变密度地下水优化管理常见问题的一般目标函数形式,并建立通用变密度地下水优化管理模型。
(3)将作了改进的遗传算法(对于已经评价过的相同个体不进行重复的个体适应度评价)与基于过渡带理论的变密度地下水模拟工具SEAWAT2000耦合,开发完成了第一个通用变密度地下水模拟优化模型SWTGA。
(4)利用并行编程工具MPI开发了并行SWTGA程序,实现通用变密度地下水模拟优化模型SWTGA的并行计算,成倍提高了SWTGA模型的运算效率。
(5)运用并行SWTGA程序对研究区滨海含水层地下水开采方案进行优化,获得了控制海水入侵范围前提下的地下淡水最佳开采方案和最大开采量,为当地地下水开采管理提供科学依据和决策支持。
这些成果的取得不仅为认识研究区滨海含水层海水入侵的规律和制定合理的地下水开采管理策略提供了科学合理的实用模型,同时也为解决变密度地下水优化管理常见问题提供了高效可靠的模拟优化工具。
The problem of seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers caused by groundwater overexploitation has been existing, and fazing local governments and residents in the southern part of Baldwin County, Alabama, USA since 1980s. With the growing of the population and development of the economy, the demand for ground water has been increasing continuously so that the problem of seawater intrusion has been getting worse day by day and the requirement of reasonable exploitation of ground water has been becoming more and more urgent in this area. This dissertation is focused on the study about the seawater intrusion modeling, the management of groundwater extraction in the study area, and the design and development of an all-purpose parallel groundwater simulation-optimization model under variable-density conditions by using a density-dependent groundwater modeling tool - SEAWAT2000, genetic algorithms and a parallel-computing technique. The main conclusions are as follows:
(1) A three-dimensional transient finite-difference groundwater model under variable-density conditions - southern Baldwin seawater intrusion model is developed based on the theory of a transition zone between freshwater and saltwater, to simulate the seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers near the Gulf of Mexico in the southern part of Baldwin County, Alabama, USA. The new model is used to predict the dynamics and trend of seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers in the study area 40 years after 1996. The prediction shows that the situation of seawater intrusion in the future will become worse when all the conditions remain the same as those in 1996, which requires the management of local groundwater pumping wells so as to control the future dynamics and trend of seawater intrusion in the study area.
(2) A general form of the objective function suitable for a wide variety of groundwater optimization management problems under variable-density conditions is presented and an all-purpose groundwater optimization management model under variable-density conditions is created.
(3) A new all-purpose groundwater simulation-optimization model under variable-density conditions -SWTGA is developed through coupling the improved genetic algorithms (it will skip the evaluation of an individual the same as any individual evaluated before) with the density-dependent groundwater modeling tool based on the theory of a transition zone between freshwater and saltwater -SEAWAT2000.
(4) A parallel SWTGA program is further developed by using the Message-Passing Interface - MPI. With this program, the all-purpose groundwater simulation-optimization model - SWTGA can be run in a parallel-computing system, which significantly improves the calculation speed of SWTGA.
(5) The parallel SWTGA program is applied to optimize the pumping scheme of ground water in the study area. After the optimization, the optimal pumping scheme and the largest amount of water that can be extracted from coastal aquifers are obtained with the precondition that seawater intrusion is controlled to a certain degree, which can scientifically and technically support the decisions made for the management of groundwater exploitation in the study area.
This study does not only construct reasonable and practical models for investigating the dynamics and rule of seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers and determining reasonable strategies of groundwater management in the study area, but also provide a reliable and efficient simulation-optimization tool for solving a wide variety of groundwater optimization management problems under variable-density conditions.
(1)基于过渡带理论建立了首个描述美国Alabama州Baldwin县南部墨西哥湾附近滨海含水层海水入侵的三维非稳定流变密度地下水有限差分模型—Baldwin南部海水入侵模型,并利用它模拟和预测研究区滨海含水层中海水入侵的动态和未来趋势,结果发现现有各种条件不变情况下未来海水入侵状况将进一步恶化,必须对当地地下水开采井进行优化管理以控制海水入侵的态势。
(2)确立了适用于变密度地下水优化管理常见问题的一般目标函数形式,并建立通用变密度地下水优化管理模型。
(3)将作了改进的遗传算法(对于已经评价过的相同个体不进行重复的个体适应度评价)与基于过渡带理论的变密度地下水模拟工具SEAWAT2000耦合,开发完成了第一个通用变密度地下水模拟优化模型SWTGA。
(4)利用并行编程工具MPI开发了并行SWTGA程序,实现通用变密度地下水模拟优化模型SWTGA的并行计算,成倍提高了SWTGA模型的运算效率。
(5)运用并行SWTGA程序对研究区滨海含水层地下水开采方案进行优化,获得了控制海水入侵范围前提下的地下淡水最佳开采方案和最大开采量,为当地地下水开采管理提供科学依据和决策支持。
这些成果的取得不仅为认识研究区滨海含水层海水入侵的规律和制定合理的地下水开采管理策略提供了科学合理的实用模型,同时也为解决变密度地下水优化管理常见问题提供了高效可靠的模拟优化工具。
The problem of seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers caused by groundwater overexploitation has been existing, and fazing local governments and residents in the southern part of Baldwin County, Alabama, USA since 1980s. With the growing of the population and development of the economy, the demand for ground water has been increasing continuously so that the problem of seawater intrusion has been getting worse day by day and the requirement of reasonable exploitation of ground water has been becoming more and more urgent in this area. This dissertation is focused on the study about the seawater intrusion modeling, the management of groundwater extraction in the study area, and the design and development of an all-purpose parallel groundwater simulation-optimization model under variable-density conditions by using a density-dependent groundwater modeling tool - SEAWAT2000, genetic algorithms and a parallel-computing technique. The main conclusions are as follows:
(1) A three-dimensional transient finite-difference groundwater model under variable-density conditions - southern Baldwin seawater intrusion model is developed based on the theory of a transition zone between freshwater and saltwater, to simulate the seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers near the Gulf of Mexico in the southern part of Baldwin County, Alabama, USA. The new model is used to predict the dynamics and trend of seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers in the study area 40 years after 1996. The prediction shows that the situation of seawater intrusion in the future will become worse when all the conditions remain the same as those in 1996, which requires the management of local groundwater pumping wells so as to control the future dynamics and trend of seawater intrusion in the study area.
(2) A general form of the objective function suitable for a wide variety of groundwater optimization management problems under variable-density conditions is presented and an all-purpose groundwater optimization management model under variable-density conditions is created.
(3) A new all-purpose groundwater simulation-optimization model under variable-density conditions -SWTGA is developed through coupling the improved genetic algorithms (it will skip the evaluation of an individual the same as any individual evaluated before) with the density-dependent groundwater modeling tool based on the theory of a transition zone between freshwater and saltwater -SEAWAT2000.
(4) A parallel SWTGA program is further developed by using the Message-Passing Interface - MPI. With this program, the all-purpose groundwater simulation-optimization model - SWTGA can be run in a parallel-computing system, which significantly improves the calculation speed of SWTGA.
(5) The parallel SWTGA program is applied to optimize the pumping scheme of ground water in the study area. After the optimization, the optimal pumping scheme and the largest amount of water that can be extracted from coastal aquifers are obtained with the precondition that seawater intrusion is controlled to a certain degree, which can scientifically and technically support the decisions made for the management of groundwater exploitation in the study area.
This study does not only construct reasonable and practical models for investigating the dynamics and rule of seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers and determining reasonable strategies of groundwater management in the study area, but also provide a reliable and efficient simulation-optimization tool for solving a wide variety of groundwater optimization management problems under variable-density conditions.
引文
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