离子液体在燃料油催化氧化脱硫中的应用研究
|
摘要
为了有效控制环境污染,世界各国对燃料油中的硫含量不断提出更严格的要求。化学氧化-离子液体萃取耦合脱硫具有反应条件温和,工艺简单,非临氢,脱硫效果好等特点,成为近年来有发展潜力的深度脱硫新方法。本文以过氧化氢为氧化剂,分别考察了在不同离子液体存在下燃料油脱硫情况,提出了催化氧化脱硫机理,建立了动力学方程。
在无溶剂条件下,己内酰胺和四丁基溴化铵通过氢键形成新型季铵盐类离子液体(C_4H_9)_4NBr·2C_6H_(11)NO,通过~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR、MS和FT-IR等对其结构进行了表征。该离子液体制备过程原子经济性高,操作简便,原料易得,价格低廉,环境友好,具有较好的工业化应用前景。
将合成的季铵盐类离子液体(C_4H_9)_4NBr·2C_6H_(11)NO作为催化剂,以过氧化氢-乙酸为氧化剂兼萃取剂,考察了各个实验因素对噻吩氧化脱硫效果的影响。离子液体(C_4H_9)_4NBr·2C_6H_(11)NO催化噻吩氧化反应为一级反应,其表观速率常数(1.05×10-3 s-1)比文献值高出近1个数量级,半衰期(660 s)比文献值缩短1倍。离子液体中的(C_4H_9)_4NBr和C_6H_(11)NO有“协同”催化效应,大大缩短了噻吩氧化时间,反应30 min,在没有其他有机萃取剂参与下,模型油脱硫率可达98.8%,催化裂化(FCC)汽油脱硫率为95.3%。
将化学氧化-离子液体萃取脱硫相耦合,研究季铵盐类离子液体(C_4H_9)_4NBr·2C_6H_(11)NO萃取催化二苯并噻吩(DBT)氧化反应。正交实验极差分析表明,各因素对脱硫率影响大小依次为:剂油比>O/S摩尔比>反应温度>反应时间。
合成了Br?nsted酸性离子液体[Hnmp]HSO_4和[Hnmp]H_2PO_4,通过1H NMR、FT-IR等对其结构进行表征,TGA-DTA表明它们具有较高的热稳定性和较宽的液态范围;通过红外探针法研究了离子液体的酸性。
以合成的Br(?)nsted酸性离子液体[Hnmp]H_2PO_4为萃取剂和催化剂,双氧水为氧化剂,利用正交实验优化DBT氧化脱硫工艺。在优化的工艺条件下,模型油的脱硫率达到99.8%,柴油脱硫率为64.3%。模型油中DBT氧化反应为一级反应,其动力学方程为ln (C0 / Ct) =0.408t–0.194,速率常数为1.13×10~(-4)s~(-1),活化能为58.53 kJ/mol。将酸性离子液体应用于氧化脱硫工艺,可避免挥发性有机酸的使用,简化了脱硫工艺。
将合成的双酸性离子液体[Hnmp]ZnCl_3应用于噻吩氧化脱硫过程研究,结果表明,双酸性离子液体[Hnmp]ZnCl_3中的Lewis酸(阴离子ZnCl_3~-)与噻吩的离域π键形成π络合作用,从油相中高效地络合萃取噻吩,使其硫容量提高;离子液体[Hnmp]ZnCl_3中的Br(?)nsted酸(阳离子[Hnmp]~+)不仅提供噻吩氧化的酸性环境,还将H_2O_2分解为氧化活性更高的自由羟基,自由羟基将络合萃取到离子液体中的噻吩氧化成相应的砜;由于双酸性离子液体阴、阳离子的共同作用,模型油中噻吩的脱除率达99.8%。
In order to effectively control environmental pollution, most countries have made laws or regulations to restrict the sulfur content in fuel oil with a more rigorous standard. Among desulfurization techniques, chemical oxidation-ionic liquids (ILs) extraction desulfurization coupling technology, which has many advantages such as mild conditions, simple techniques, non-hydrogen, high desulfurization efficiency, shows promising as an approach for deep desulfurization. Applications of different ILs in catalytic oxidation desulfurization(CODS) were investigated with H_2O_2 as oxidant, thiophene/dibenzothiophene(DBT) in n-octane as model oil. The CODS mechanisms were speculated and kinetics equations were established.
A new quaternary ammonium salt IL (C_4H_9)_4NBr·2C_6H_(11)NO, was prepared through hydrogen bonds under the condintion of solvent-free, one-step procedure using tetrabutylammonium bromide and caprolactam as raw material. The IL (C_4H_9)_4NBr·2C_6H_(11)NO were characterized by ~1H NMR, ~(13)C NMR, MS and FT-IR. IL (C_4H_9)_4NBr·2C_6H_(11)NO, which has many advantages such as preparation with high atom economy, simple operation, easy access to raw materials, low cost, environmentally friendly, has good prospects for industrial application.
The prepared IL (C_4H_9)_4NBr·2C_6H_(11)NO was employed as catalyst for ODS of thiophene in n-octane in the present of H_2O_2 and CH_3COOH. The effect of the amount of catalyst, H_2O_2 and CH_3COOH, reaction time and temperature were investigated in details. The result shows the kinetics of catalytic oxidation of thiophene is pseudo-first-order. The apparent rate constant (1.05×10~(-3)) in this system is higher near one order power than that of (C_4H_9)_4NBr system reported in literature; half-life (660 s) is shorter 1 time than reported value. (C_4H_9)_4NBr and C_6H_(11)NO of IL showed synergistic catalytic effect, thus the oxidation time was greatly short. The CODS was achieved 98.8% removal rate of thiophene in n-octane and 95.3 % of fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline under optimal conditions after 30 min in the absence of other organic extractants.
ODS of DBT in n-octane with H_2O_2/CH_3COOH using IL (C_4H_9)_4NBr·2C_6H_(11)NO as catalyst and extractant has been studied. We find that the influence to the desulfurization efficiency of DBT decreases in the order: Voil/VIL > molar ratio of O/S > oxidation temperature > oxidation time according to the R values of orthogonal experiments.
Br?nsted acidic ILs [Hnmp]HSO_4 and [Hnmp]H_2PO_4, were prepared and characterized by 1H NMR and FT-IR. TGA-DTA test indicates that ILs have high thermal stability and wide range of liquid states. The acidity of ILs was investigated by IR spectroscopy probe method.
ODS of DBT in n-octane with Br(?)nsted acidic ILs [Hnmp]H_2PO_4 as catalytic solvent and H_2O_2 as oxidant was optimized by orthogonal experiments. DBT in n-octane and actual diesel was removed 99.8% and 64.3% under the optimal conditions, respectively. The result shows the kinetics of ODS of DBT is pseudo-first-order with apparent rate constant of 1.13×10~(-4)s~(-1) and activation energy of 58.53 kJ/mol, the kinetic equation is ln(C0/Ct) = 0.408t– 0.194. The ODS combined acidic ILs can be avoided the use of volatile organic acids and simplified operation of ODS.
Dual acidic IL [Hnmp] ZnCl_3 was used in ODS of thiophene in n-octane The results show Lewis acid (anion ZnCl_3~-) formπ-complexation with delocalizedπ-bond of thiophene, Br?nsted acid (cation [Hnmp]~+ ) of IL provide acidic medium of ODS. Thus complexation extraction of thiophene by [Hnmp]ZnCl_3 was high-performance to enhance the capacity of sulfur. Thiophene in IL phase was oxidized to sulfone by hydroxyl radicals with higher oxidation activity than H_2O_2, came from the decompose of H_2O_2 with [Hnmp]+. The ODS was achieved 99.8% removal rate thiophene in n-octane under optimal conditions in combined effect of anion and cation of [Hnmp] ZnCl_3.
在无溶剂条件下,己内酰胺和四丁基溴化铵通过氢键形成新型季铵盐类离子液体(C_4H_9)_4NBr·2C_6H_(11)NO,通过~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR、MS和FT-IR等对其结构进行了表征。该离子液体制备过程原子经济性高,操作简便,原料易得,价格低廉,环境友好,具有较好的工业化应用前景。
将合成的季铵盐类离子液体(C_4H_9)_4NBr·2C_6H_(11)NO作为催化剂,以过氧化氢-乙酸为氧化剂兼萃取剂,考察了各个实验因素对噻吩氧化脱硫效果的影响。离子液体(C_4H_9)_4NBr·2C_6H_(11)NO催化噻吩氧化反应为一级反应,其表观速率常数(1.05×10-3 s-1)比文献值高出近1个数量级,半衰期(660 s)比文献值缩短1倍。离子液体中的(C_4H_9)_4NBr和C_6H_(11)NO有“协同”催化效应,大大缩短了噻吩氧化时间,反应30 min,在没有其他有机萃取剂参与下,模型油脱硫率可达98.8%,催化裂化(FCC)汽油脱硫率为95.3%。
将化学氧化-离子液体萃取脱硫相耦合,研究季铵盐类离子液体(C_4H_9)_4NBr·2C_6H_(11)NO萃取催化二苯并噻吩(DBT)氧化反应。正交实验极差分析表明,各因素对脱硫率影响大小依次为:剂油比>O/S摩尔比>反应温度>反应时间。
合成了Br?nsted酸性离子液体[Hnmp]HSO_4和[Hnmp]H_2PO_4,通过1H NMR、FT-IR等对其结构进行表征,TGA-DTA表明它们具有较高的热稳定性和较宽的液态范围;通过红外探针法研究了离子液体的酸性。
以合成的Br(?)nsted酸性离子液体[Hnmp]H_2PO_4为萃取剂和催化剂,双氧水为氧化剂,利用正交实验优化DBT氧化脱硫工艺。在优化的工艺条件下,模型油的脱硫率达到99.8%,柴油脱硫率为64.3%。模型油中DBT氧化反应为一级反应,其动力学方程为ln (C0 / Ct) =0.408t–0.194,速率常数为1.13×10~(-4)s~(-1),活化能为58.53 kJ/mol。将酸性离子液体应用于氧化脱硫工艺,可避免挥发性有机酸的使用,简化了脱硫工艺。
将合成的双酸性离子液体[Hnmp]ZnCl_3应用于噻吩氧化脱硫过程研究,结果表明,双酸性离子液体[Hnmp]ZnCl_3中的Lewis酸(阴离子ZnCl_3~-)与噻吩的离域π键形成π络合作用,从油相中高效地络合萃取噻吩,使其硫容量提高;离子液体[Hnmp]ZnCl_3中的Br(?)nsted酸(阳离子[Hnmp]~+)不仅提供噻吩氧化的酸性环境,还将H_2O_2分解为氧化活性更高的自由羟基,自由羟基将络合萃取到离子液体中的噻吩氧化成相应的砜;由于双酸性离子液体阴、阳离子的共同作用,模型油中噻吩的脱除率达99.8%。
In order to effectively control environmental pollution, most countries have made laws or regulations to restrict the sulfur content in fuel oil with a more rigorous standard. Among desulfurization techniques, chemical oxidation-ionic liquids (ILs) extraction desulfurization coupling technology, which has many advantages such as mild conditions, simple techniques, non-hydrogen, high desulfurization efficiency, shows promising as an approach for deep desulfurization. Applications of different ILs in catalytic oxidation desulfurization(CODS) were investigated with H_2O_2 as oxidant, thiophene/dibenzothiophene(DBT) in n-octane as model oil. The CODS mechanisms were speculated and kinetics equations were established.
A new quaternary ammonium salt IL (C_4H_9)_4NBr·2C_6H_(11)NO, was prepared through hydrogen bonds under the condintion of solvent-free, one-step procedure using tetrabutylammonium bromide and caprolactam as raw material. The IL (C_4H_9)_4NBr·2C_6H_(11)NO were characterized by ~1H NMR, ~(13)C NMR, MS and FT-IR. IL (C_4H_9)_4NBr·2C_6H_(11)NO, which has many advantages such as preparation with high atom economy, simple operation, easy access to raw materials, low cost, environmentally friendly, has good prospects for industrial application.
The prepared IL (C_4H_9)_4NBr·2C_6H_(11)NO was employed as catalyst for ODS of thiophene in n-octane in the present of H_2O_2 and CH_3COOH. The effect of the amount of catalyst, H_2O_2 and CH_3COOH, reaction time and temperature were investigated in details. The result shows the kinetics of catalytic oxidation of thiophene is pseudo-first-order. The apparent rate constant (1.05×10~(-3)) in this system is higher near one order power than that of (C_4H_9)_4NBr system reported in literature; half-life (660 s) is shorter 1 time than reported value. (C_4H_9)_4NBr and C_6H_(11)NO of IL showed synergistic catalytic effect, thus the oxidation time was greatly short. The CODS was achieved 98.8% removal rate of thiophene in n-octane and 95.3 % of fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline under optimal conditions after 30 min in the absence of other organic extractants.
ODS of DBT in n-octane with H_2O_2/CH_3COOH using IL (C_4H_9)_4NBr·2C_6H_(11)NO as catalyst and extractant has been studied. We find that the influence to the desulfurization efficiency of DBT decreases in the order: Voil/VIL > molar ratio of O/S > oxidation temperature > oxidation time according to the R values of orthogonal experiments.
Br?nsted acidic ILs [Hnmp]HSO_4 and [Hnmp]H_2PO_4, were prepared and characterized by 1H NMR and FT-IR. TGA-DTA test indicates that ILs have high thermal stability and wide range of liquid states. The acidity of ILs was investigated by IR spectroscopy probe method.
ODS of DBT in n-octane with Br(?)nsted acidic ILs [Hnmp]H_2PO_4 as catalytic solvent and H_2O_2 as oxidant was optimized by orthogonal experiments. DBT in n-octane and actual diesel was removed 99.8% and 64.3% under the optimal conditions, respectively. The result shows the kinetics of ODS of DBT is pseudo-first-order with apparent rate constant of 1.13×10~(-4)s~(-1) and activation energy of 58.53 kJ/mol, the kinetic equation is ln(C0/Ct) = 0.408t– 0.194. The ODS combined acidic ILs can be avoided the use of volatile organic acids and simplified operation of ODS.
Dual acidic IL [Hnmp] ZnCl_3 was used in ODS of thiophene in n-octane The results show Lewis acid (anion ZnCl_3~-) formπ-complexation with delocalizedπ-bond of thiophene, Br?nsted acid (cation [Hnmp]~+ ) of IL provide acidic medium of ODS. Thus complexation extraction of thiophene by [Hnmp]ZnCl_3 was high-performance to enhance the capacity of sulfur. Thiophene in IL phase was oxidized to sulfone by hydroxyl radicals with higher oxidation activity than H_2O_2, came from the decompose of H_2O_2 with [Hnmp]+. The ODS was achieved 99.8% removal rate thiophene in n-octane under optimal conditions in combined effect of anion and cation of [Hnmp] ZnCl_3.
引文
[1]安高军,周同娜,柴永明,等,轻质油品非加氢脱硫技术,化学进展,2007,19(9):1131~134
[2] Nocca J L, Cosyns J, Debuisschert Q, et al, The domino interaction of refinery processes for gasoline quality attainment, NPRRA Annual Meeting, Texas, 2000, AM-00-61
[3]中华人民共和国国家技术监督局,GB-17930-1999,车用无铅汽油,中华人民共和国国家标准,北京:中国标准出版社,1999-12-28
[4] Song C, An overview of new approaches to deep desulfurization for ultra-clean gasoline, diesel fuel and jet fuel, Catalysis Today, 2003,86: 211~263
[5] Gomez E, Santos V E, Alcon A, et al, Oxygen-uptake and mass-transfer rates on the growth of pseudomonas putida CECT5279: Influence on biodesulfurization (BDS) capability, Energy Fuels, 2006, 20(4): 1565~1571
[6] Liu B S, Xu D F, Chu J X, et al, Deep desulfurization by the adsorption process of fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) diesel over mesoporous Al-MCM-41 materials, Energy Fuels, 2007, 21(1): 250~255
[7] Huang D, Wang Y J, Yang L M, et al, Chemical oxidation of dibenzothiophene with a directly combined amphiphilic catalyst for deep desulfurization, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2006, 45(6):1880~1885
[8]刘植昌,胡建如,高金森,离子液体用于催化裂化汽油烷基化脱硫的实验室研究,石油炼制与化工, 2006, 37(10): 22~26
[9] Huang C P, Chen B H, Zhang J, et al, Desulfurization of gasoline by extraction with new ionic liquids, Energy Fuels, 2004, 18(6):1862~1864
[10]陈兰菊,郭绍辉,赵地顺,车用燃料油氧化脱硫技术进展,燃料化学学报,2005,33(2):247~252
[11] Filips P D,Searsella M, Oxidative desulufrization: oxidation reaetivity of sulfur compounds in different organic matrixes, Energy Fuels, 2003,17(6):1452~1455
[12] Fan J, Fan Y C, Pei Y C, et al, Solvent extraction of selected endocrine-disrupting phenols using ionic liquids, Separation and Purification Technology, 2008, 61( 3): 324~331
[13] B?smann A, Datsevich L, Jess A, et al, Deep desulfurization of diesel fuel by extraction with ionic liquids, Chem. Commun. 2001, 2494~2495
[14]邓友全,离子液体—性质、制备与应用,北京:中国石化出版社,2006: 1~9
[15] Wilkes J S, A short history of ionic liquids - from molten salts to neoteric solvents, Green Chem., 2002, 4 (2): 73~80
[16]张锁江,吕兴梅,离子液体-从基础研究到工业应用,北京:科学出版社, 2006: 1~9
[17] Walden P, Acad B, Molecular weights and electrical conductivity of several of several fused salts, Bull Acad Imper Sci (St. Petersburg), 1914, 1800
[18] Freemantle M, Designer solvents?ionic liquids may boost clean technology development, Chem. Eng. News, 1998, 76 (13): 32~37
[19]张星辰,离子液体—从理论基础到研究进展,北京:化学工业出版社, 2009, 7~9
[20] Chum H L, Koch V R, Miller L L, et al, Electrochemical scrutiny of organometallic iron complexes and hexamethylbenzene in a room temperature molten salt, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1975, 97 (11): 3264~3265
[21]王均凤,张锁江,陈慧萍,等,离子液体的性质及其在催化反应中的应用,过程工程学报, 2003, 3(2): 177~185
[22]于世涛,刘福胜,固体酸与精细化工,北京:化学工业出版社,2006
[23] Howarth J, Oxidation of aromatic aldehydes in the ionic liquid [bmim]PF6, Tetra. Lett., 2000, 41(34):6627~6629
[24] Lau F M, Rantwjk F V, Seddon K R, et al, Lipase-catalyzed reaction in ionic liquids, Org. Lett., 2000, 2(26): 4189~4191
[25] Song C E, Roh E J, Practical method to recycle a chiral (salen) Mn epoxidation catalyst by using an ionic liquid, Chem. Commun., 2000, 10: 837~838
[26] Adriano L, Monteiro, Fabiano K, et al, Asymmetric hydrogenation of 2-arylacrylic acids catalyzed by immobilized Ru-BINAP complex in 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate molten salt, Tetra.: Asymmetry, 1997, 8(2): 177~179
[27]顾彦龙,彭家建,乔琨,等,室温离子液体及其在催化和有机合成中的应用,化学进展, 2003, 15(3):222~241
[28] Rosa J N, Afonso C A M, Santos A G, Ionic liquids as a recyclable reaction medium for the Baylis–Hillman reaction, Tetra., 2001,57(19): 4189~4193
[29] Hagiwara H, Shimizu Y, Hoshi T, et al, Heterogeneous Heck reaction catalyzed by Pd/C in ionic liquid, Tetra. Lett., 2001, 42(26): 4349~4351
[30]刘晔,李敏,路勇,等,功能离子液体复合体系中钯催化的Heck偶联反应.高等化学学报,2007,28(4):723~726
[31] Mathews C J, Smith P J, Welton T, Palladium catalysed Suzuki cross-coupling reactions in ambient temperature ionic liquids, Chem. Commun., 2000, (14):1249~1250
[32] Boulaire V L, Gree R, Wittig reactions in the ionic solvent [bmim]BF4, Chem. Commun., 2000, (22), 2195~2196
[33] Song C E, Roh E J, Shim W H, et al, Scandium(III) triflate immobilised in ionic liquids: a novel and recyclable catalytic system for Friedel–crafts alkylation of aromatic compounds with alkenes, Chem. Commun., 2000, (17):1695~1696
[34]乔焜,邓友全,室温离子液体反应介质中叔丁醇氢酯基化反应的研究,化学学报, 2002,60(6): 966~1000
[35]许丹倩,罗书平,刘宝友,等,室温离子液体中催化合成肉桂酸苄酯,有机化学,2004,24(1): 99~102
[36] Keim W, Vogt D, Waffenschmidt H, New method to recycle homogeneous catalysts from monophasic reaction mixtures using an ionic liquid exemplified for the Rh-catalysed hydroformylation of methyl-3-pentenoate, J Catal., 1999, 186:481~484
[37] Waffenschmidt H, Wasserscheid P, Ionic liquids in regioselective platinum-catalysed hydroformylation, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 2000, 164 :61
[38]林棋,付海燕,薛芳,等,新型离子液体介质中长链烯烃氢甲酰化反应,物理化学学报,2006,22(4):465~469
[39] Ford W T, Hauri R J, Kinetics of the reaction of cyclohexyl bromide with tetra?n?propylammonium thiophenoxide in methdnol, dimethylformamide, and molten triethyl?n?hexylammonium triethyl?n?hexylboride, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1973, 95(22): 7381~ 7386
[40] Judeh Z M A, Shen H Y, Chi B C, A facile and efficient nucleophilic displacement reaction at room temperature in ionic liquids, Tetra. Lett., 2002, 43(51): 9381~9384
[41] Institut Francais du Pétrole, Process for separation by settling in a plurality of distinct zones, US Pat. Appl., US6203712B1, 2001
[42] Institut Francais du Pétrole, Process and unit for carrying out a reaction on an organic feed, such as dimerisation or metathesis, in the presence of a polar phase containing a catalyst, US Pat Appl, US6284937.2001
[43] Biedron T, Bednarek M, Kubisa P, Cationic polymerization of 3?ethyl?3?hydroxymethyloxetane in an ionic liquid, Macromol. Rapid Commum., 2004, 25(8): 878~881
[44] Kubisa P, Application of Ionic liquids as solvents for polymerization processes, Prog. Polym. Sci., 2004, 29(1): 3~12
[45] Trzeciak A M, Ziolkowski J J, Polymerization of phenylacetylene catalysed by RhTp(cod) and RhBp(cod) in ionic liquids: effect of alcohols and of tetraammonium halides, Appl. Organomet. Chem., 2004, 18(3): 124~129
[46] Earle M J, Katdare S P, Seddon K R, Paradigm confirmed: The first use of ionic liquids to dramatically influence the outcome of chemical reactions, Org. Lett., 2004,6(5): 707~710
[47]马晶军,王春,臧晓欢,等,室温离子液体促进的5-亚芳基巴妥酸衍生物的合成,有机化学, 2006, 26(5): 723~726
[48] Khan F A, Dash J, Satapathy R, et al, Hydrotalcite catalysis in ionic liquid medium: a recyclable reaction system system for heterogeneous knoevenagel and nitroaldol condensation, Tetra. Lett., 2004, 45(15): 3055~3058
[49] Cordova A, Direct catalytic asymmetric cross-aldol reactions in ionic liquid media, Tetra. Lett., 2004, 45(20): 3949~3952
[50] Loh T P, Feng L C, Yang H Y, et al, L-proline in an ionic liuquid as an efficient and reusable catalyst for direct asymmetric aldol reactions, Tetra. Lett., 2002, 43(48): 8741~8743
[51] Peng J, Deng Y, Catalytic beckmann rearrangement of ketoximes in ionic liquids, Tetra. Lett., 2001, 42: 403~405
[52] Lee J K, Kim D C, Song C E, et al, Thermal behaviors of ionic liquids under microwave irradiation and their application on microwave?assisted catalytic beckmann rearrangement of ketoximes, Synth. Commun., 2003, 33(13): 2301~2307
[53] Harjani J R, Nara S J, Salunkhe M M, Fries rearrangement in ionic melts, Tetra. Lett., 2001,42(10): 1979~1981
[54]王雨,郑晓宇,吴肇亮,四氯化钛离子液体中辛基酚己二酸酯的Fries重排反应,精细化工,2006,23(2):118~121
[55] Zulfiqar F, Kitazume T, Lewis acid?catalysed sequential reaction in ionic liquids, Green Chem., 2000, 2(6): 296~297
[56] Huddleston J G, Willauer H D, Swatloski R P, et al, Room temperature ionic liquids as novel media for 'clean' liquid?liquid extraction, Chem. Commun., 1998, 16: 1765~1766
[57] Visser A E, Holbrey J D, Rogers R D, Hydrophobic ionic liquids incorporating N-alkylisoquinolinium cations and their utilization in liquid-liquid separations, Chem. Commun., 2001, 2484~2485
[58] Abraham M H, Zissimos A M, Huddleston J G, et al, Some novel liquid partitioning systems: water?ionic liquids and aqueous biphasic systems, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2003, 42(3): 413~418
[59] Liu J, Chi Y, Jiang G, et al, Ionic liquid?based liquid microextraction: a new sample enrichment procedure for liquid chromatography, J. Chromatography A, 2004, 1026(1?2): 143~147
[60] Laremore T N, Murugesan S, Park T J, et al, Matrix?assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric analysis of uncomplexed highly sulfated oligosaccharides using ionic liquid matrices, Anal. Chem., 2006, 78(6): 1774~1779
[61] Martak J, Schlosser S, Extraction of lactic acid by phosphonium ionic liquids,Separation and Purification Technology, 2007, 57(3):483~494
[62] Abbott A P, Cullis M J, Gibson R C, et al, Extraction of glycerol from biodiesel into a eutectic based ionic liquid, Green Chem., 2007, 9: 868~872
[63] Lateef H, Grimes M S, Morton R,et al, Extraction of components of composite materials: ionic liquids in the extraction of flame retardants from plastics, J Chem Technol Biotechnol, 2008, 83,541~545
[64] Dai S, Ju Y H, Barnes C E, Solvent extraction of strontium nitrate by a crown ether using room?temperature ionic liquids, Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions, 1999, (8): 1201~1202
[65] Visser A E, Swatloski R P, Reichert W M, et al, Task?specific ionic liquids incorporating novel cations for the coordination and extraction of Hg2+ and Cd2+: Synthesis, characterization, and extraction studies, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2002, 36(11): 2523~2529
[66] Luo H, Dai S, Bonnesen P V, et al, Extraction of cesium ions from aqueous solutions using calix[4]arene?bis(tert?octylbenzo?crown?6) in ionic liquids, Anal. Chem., 2004, 76(11): 3078~3083
[67] Shimojo K, Goto M, Solvent extraction and stripping of silver ions in room?temperature ionic liquids containing calixarenes, Anal. Chem., 2004, 76(17): 5039~5044
[68] Wei G T, Yang Z, Chen C J, Room temperature ionic liquids as novel medium for liquid/liquid extraction of metal ions, Anal. Chim. Acta., 2003, 488(2): 183~192
[69] Wei G Z, Yang Z, Lee C Y, et al, Aqueous?organic phase transfer of gold nanoparticles and gold nanorods using an ionic liquid, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2004, 126(16):5036~5037
[70] Huang H L, Wang H P, Wei G T, Extraction of nanosize copper, pollutants with an ionic liquid, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2006, 40(15): 4761~4764
[71] Bate E D, Maytin R O, Ntai I, et al,CO2 capture by a task?specific ionic liquid, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2002, 124(6): 926~927
[72] Zhang J M, Zhang S J, Dong K, et al, Supported absorption of CO2 by tetrabutylphosphonium amino acid ionic liquids, Chemistry?A European Journal, 2006, 12(15): 4021~4026
[73] Cadours R, Lecomte F, Magna L, et al, Acid gas removal from natural gas by two?stage scrubbing with nonaqueous solution of ionic liquids, FR 2866345 A1 20050819
[74] Han X X, Armstrong D W, Ionic liquids in separations, Acc. Chem. Res., 2007, 40: 1079~1086
[75] Kou Y, Xiong W, Tao G H,et al, Absorption and capture of methane into ionic liquid, Natural Gas Chem., 2006, 15: 282~286
[76] Rogers R D, Seddon K R, Ionic liquids - solvents of the future? Science, 2003, 302: 792~793
[77] Appetecchi G B, Montanino M, Zane D,et al, Effect of the alkyl group on the synthesis and the electrochemical properties of N-alkyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ionic liquids, Electrochimica Acta, 2009, 54(4): 1325~1332
[78] Alnashef I M, Leonard M L, Matthews M A,et al, Superoxide Electrochemistry in an ionic liquid, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2002, 41 (18), 4475~4478
[79] Li F H, Li F, Song J X, et al,Green synthesis of highly stable platinum nanoparticles stabilized by amino-terminated ionic liquid and its electrocatalysts for dioxygen reduction and methanol oxidation, Electrochem. Commun., 2009,11(2): 351~354
[80] Fu X L, Zhang Z, Li C M,et al, N-heterocyclic carbomethoxylation catalyzed by ionic liquids in the presence of dimethyl carbonate, Catal. Commun., 2009,10(5): 665~668
[81] Alammar T, Mudring A V, Facile ultrasound-assisted synthesis of ZnO nanorods in an ionic liquid, Materials Lett., 2009,63(9-10): 732~735
[82] Wang Y, Yang H, Synthesis of iron oxide nanorods and nanocubes in an imidazolium ionic liquid, Chemical Engineering Journal, 2009,147 (1): 71~78
[83] Larionova J, Guari Y, Tokarev A, et al,Coordination polymer nano-objects into ionic liquids: nanoparticles and superstructures, Inorganica Chimica Acta, 2008,361 (14-15): 3988~3996
[84]张普玉,彭李超,李文斌,等,离子液体[Bmim]PF6对聚乳酸的增塑作用,精细化工, 2008,25(6): 587~590
[85] Snedden P, Cooper A I, Scott K,et al,Cross-linked polymer?ionic liquid composite materials, Macromolecules, 2003, 36 (12), 4549~4556
[86] Dubois, Marchand G, Fouillet Y,et al, Ionic liquid droplet as e-microreactor, Anal. Chem., 2006, 78 (14), 4909~4917
[87] Mai M, Feldmann C, Two-color emission of Zn2SiO4: Mn from ionic liquid mediated synthesis, Solid State Sciences, 2009, 11(2), 528~532
[88] B?smann A, Datsevich L, Jess A, et al, Deep desulfurization of diesel fuel by extraction with ionic liquids, Chem. Commun. 2001, (23):2494~2495
[89] Nie Y, Li C X, Sun A J,et al, Extractive desulfurization of gasoline using midazolium-based phosphoric ionic liquids, Energy Fuels, 2006, 20(5): 2083~2087
[90]周瀚成,陈楠,石峰,等,离子液体萃取脱硫新工艺研究,分子催化, 2005,19(2): 94~97
[91] Zhang S G, Zhang Q, Zhang Z C, Extractive desulfurization and denitrogenation of fuels using ionic liquids, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2004, 43(2): 614~622
[92]王建龙,赵地顺,周二鹏,等,吡啶类离子液体在汽油萃取脱硫中的应用研究,燃料化学学报, 2007, 35(3): 293~296
[93] Zhang S G, Zhang Z C, Novel properties of ionic liquids in selective sulfur removal from fuels at room temperature, Green Chem., 2002, 4: 376~379
[94] Su B M, Zhang S G, Zhang Z C, Structural elucidation of thiophene interaction with ionic liquids by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, J. Phy. Chem. B, 2004, 108 (50): 19510 ~19517
[95]张姝妍,曹祖宾,赵德智,等,室温离子液体对FCC汽油络合萃取脱硫的研究,炼油技术与工程, 2005,35 (5): 35~38
[96] Huang C P, Chen B H, Zhang J, et al, Desulfurization of gasoline by extraction with new ionic liquids, Energy Fuels, 2004, 18(6): 1862~1864
[97]张成中,黄崇品,李建伟,离子液体的结构及其汽油萃取脱硫性能,化学研究, 2005, 16(1): 23~25
[98]张傑,黄崇品,陈标华,等,用[BMIM][Cu2Cl3]离子液体萃取脱除汽油中的硫化物,燃料化学学报, 2005,33(4): 431~434
[99]曾小岚,李丹,张香平,等,基于离子液体的燃料油萃取脱硫过程,过程工程学,2007,7(3):506~509
[100] Esser J, Wasserscheid P, Jess A, Deep desulfurization of oil refinery streams by extraction with ionic liquids, Green Chem., 2004,6 (7):316~322
[101]曾雪玲,唐晓东,离子液体在燃料油脱硫中的应用进展,精细石油化工进展, 2008, 9(2):46~49
[102]项小燕,林金清,离子液体萃取燃料油脱硫技术的研究进展,化工进展, 2007,26(12):1681~1685
[103]高红帅,李望良,邢建民,等,离子液体用于燃料油深度脱硫的研究进展,石油化工,2007,36(9):966~970
[104] Al-Shahrani F, Xiao T, Lewellyn S A, et al, Desulfurization of diesel via the H2O2 oxidation of aromatic sulfides to sulfones using a tungstate catalyst, Appl Catal B: Environmental, 2007, 73, 311~316
[105] Chan N Y, Lin T Y , Yen T F, Superoxides: alternative oxidants for the oxidative desulfurization process, Energy Fuels, 2008, 22 (5), 3326~3328
[106] He L N, Li H M, Zhu W S, et al, Deep oxidative desulfurization of fuels using peroxophosphomolybdate catalysts in ionic liquids, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2008, 47 (18): 6890~6895
[107] Lo W H, Yang H Y, Wei G T, One-pot desulfurization of light oils by chemical oxidation and solvent extraction with room temperature ionic liquid, Green Chem., 2003, 5(5): 639~642
[108] Zhao X B, Zhang T, Zhou Y J, et al, Preparation of peracetic acid fromhydrogen peroxide: Part I: Kinetics for peracetic acid synthesis and hydrolysis, J. Mol. Cata. A: Chemical, 2007, 271(1-2): 246~252
[109] Lu L, Cheng S, Gao J, et al, Deep oxidative desulfurization of fuels catalyzed by ionic liquid in the presence of H2O2, Energy & Fuels; 2007, 21(1): 383~384
[110] Zhu W, Li H, Jiang X, et al, Oxidative desulfurization of fuels catalyzed by peroxotungsten and peroxomolybdenum complexes in ionic liquids, Energy & Fuels, 2007, 21(5): 2514~2516
[111] Zhao D S, Wang J L, Zhou E P, Oxidative desulurization of diesel using Bronsted acid room temperature ionic liquid in the presence of H2O2, Green Chem, 2007, 9(11): 1219~1222
[112] Zhao D S, Liu R, Wang J L, et al, Photochemical oxidation- ionic liquid extraction coupling technique in deep desulphurization of light oil, Energy Fuel, 2008, 22:1100~1103
[113] Chauhan S M S, Kumar A, Srinivas K A, Oxidation of thiols with molecular oxygen catalyzed by cobalt(II) phthalocyanmines in ionic liquid, Chem. Commun., 2003, (18): 2348~2349
[114] Okrasa K, Guibe-Jampel E, Therisod M, Ionic liquids as a new reaction medium for oxidase-peroxidase-catalyzed sulfoxidation, Tetra.: Asymmetry, 2003, 14(17):2487~2490
[115]柯明,周爱国,赵振盛,等, FCC汽油烷基化脱硫技术进展,化工进展, 2006,25(4):357~361
[116]刘植昌,胡建如,高金森,离子液体用于催化裂化汽油烷基化脱硫的实验研究,石油炼制与化工, 2006, 37(10): 22~26
[117]黄蔚霞,李云龙,汪燮卿,离子液体在催化裂化汽油脱硫中的应用,化工进展, 2004, 23(3): 297~299
[118]柯明,周爱国,曹文智,等, Brφnsted酸性离子液体在汽油烷基化脱硫中的应用,石油化工高等学校学报, 2008,21(2):25~28
[119]丌西敏,张爱健,张贵荣,等,噻吩在离子液体中的电化学聚合及其在模拟汽油脱硫中的应用,环境化学,2006,25(2):183~186
[120]中国石油大学(北京),一种柴油耦合脱硫的方法,中国, CN200610066595.6.2006
[121]张泽凯,蒋晖,刘盛林,等,汽油烷基化脱硫反应中噻吩及其衍生物的烷基化性能,催化学报,2006,27(4):309~313
[122]王建龙,赵地顺,周二鹏, Br?nsted酸性离子液体在萃取氧化二苯并噻吩中的应用,石油学报(石油加工), 2008, 24(2): 227~231
[123] Jochen E, Peter W, Andreas J, Deep desulfurization of oil refinery streams by extraction with ionic liquids, Green Chem., 2004,6:316~322
[124] Wang J L, Zhao D S, Zhou E P,et al, Desulfurization of gasoline by extraction with N-alkyl-pyridinium-based ionic liquids. Fuel Chem Technol, 2007,35(3),293~296
[125] Jiang X C, Nie Y, Li C X, et al, Imidazolium- based alkylphosphate ionic liquids―a potential solvent for extractive desulfurization of fuel,Fuel, 2007, 86(3):1~6
[126] Naudin E,Ho H A,Branchaud S,et al, Electrochemical polymerization and characterization of poly[3-(4-fluorophenyl) thiophene] in pure ionic liquids, J. Phys. Chem. B,2002,106 (41):10585~10593
[127] Schucker,Robert S, Electrochemical oxidation of sulfur compounds in naphtha using ionic liquids:US,6274026, 2001
[128]冯婕,李春喜,孟洪,等,磷酸酯类离子液体在燃油深度脱硫中的应用,石油化工,2006,35(3):272~276
[129] Cole-Hamilton D J, Homogeneous catalysis—new approaches to catalyst separation, recovery and recycling, Science,2003,299:1702~1706
[130] Planeta J,Karásek P,Roth M, Distribution of sulfur-containing aromatics between [hmim]Tf2N and supercritical CO2:a case study for deep desulfurization of oil refinery streams by extraction with ionic liquids, Green Chem.,2006,8 (1):70~77
[131]中国科学院过程工程研究所,一种吸附有硫的离子液体的脱硫再生方法,中国,CN200510086862.1.2005
[132] Jiang D, Wang Y Y, Xu Y N, et al,Doebner condensation in ionic liquids [Bmim]BF4 and [BPy]BF4 to synthesizeα,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid,Chinese Chem. Lett., 2009,20 (3): 279~282
[133] Yang M H, Yan G Bg, Zheng Y F, Regioselective ring-opening reactions of 1,2-epoxides with thiols and arylselenols directly promoted by [Bmim]BF4, Tetra. Lett., 2008, 4(45, 3): 6471~6474
[134] Huo Y, Xia S Q, Yi S Zi, et al, Measurement and correlation of vapor pressure of benzene and thiophene with [BMIM][PF6] and [BMIM][BF4] ionic liquids, Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2009, 276( 1): 46~52
[135] Petit S, Azzouz R, Fruit C, et al, An efficient protocol for the preparation of pyridinium and imidazolium salts based on the Mitsunobu reaction,Tetra. Lett., 2008, 4( 22): 3663~3665
[136]赵地顺,张星辰,周清泽,等,以脲和硫脲为主体的高分子固体电解质的研究,高等学校化学学报, 1999, 20(5): 768~771
[137]赵地顺,张星辰,周泽清,等,脲、硫脲固体电解质导电机理分析,高等学校化学学报, 2000, 21(5): 794~796
[138]赵地顺,张星辰,周泽清,等,以脲和硫氰酸铵为主体的固体电解质的研究,功能高分子学报, 1999, 12(6): 162~164
[139]赵地顺,王娜,李雪刚,配位离子液体[3(CH3CH2)4N+Cl-·(NH2)2CO]的合成及表征,化工学报,2007,58(6):1457~1460
[140] Hu Y S, Li H, Huang X J, Chen L Q, Novel room temperature molten salt electrolyte based on LiTFSI and acetamide for lithium batteries, Electrochem. Commun.,2004, 6 (1): 28~32
[141] Abbott A P, Capper G, Davies D L, et al, Novel solvent properties of choline chloride/urea mixtures. Chem. Commun., 2003, 70~71
[142]赵地顺,李雪刚,刘宝友,等,离子液体体系ZnCl2-尿素的制备及性质,精细化工,2007, 24(7):632~635
[143]王娜,配位离子液体的合成与表征及其在汽油模型脱硫中的应用:[硕士论文],石家庄:河北科技大学,2007
[144]赵地顺,王娜,配位离子液体[ (CH3CH2)4N+Cl-·3C6H11NO]的合成与表征,现代化工,2007,27,增刊(1):200~202
[145] Ellis B, Keim W, Wasserscheid P, Linear dimerisation of but-1-ene in biphasic mode using buffered chloroaluminate ionic liquid solvents, Chem.Commun, 1999, (4): 337~338
[146]郑文锐,傅尧,刘磊,等,尿素及硫脲与羰基化合物间的氢键相互作用,物理化学学报, 2007, 23(07) 1018~1024
[147] Zhao D S, Zhang X C, Zhou Q Z, et al, Study on solid electrolytes based on urea and NHSCONH2, Chem. J. Chinese Univ., 1999, 20 (5): 768~771
[148]谢晶曦,常俊标,王绪明,红外光谱在有机化学和药物化学中的应用,北京:科学出版社,2001:94
[149]汪瑗,阿里木江·艾拜都拉,波谱综合解析指导,北京:化学工业出版社,2008:24
[150]翟翠萍,王键吉,轩小朋,等,核磁方法研究离子液体与丙酮的相互作用,物理化学学报,2006, 22(4): 456～459
[151]孟令芝,龚淑玲,何永炳编著,有机波谱分析,武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003
[152]王建英,赵风云,刘玉敏,等, 1?烷基?3?甲基咪唑系列室温离子液体表面张力的研究,化学学报,2007,65(21): 1443~1448
[153]蒋栋,王媛媛,刘洁,等,咪唑类离子液体结构与熔点的构效关系及其基本规律,化学通报,2007,(5):371~375
[154]张海波,周晓海,董金凤,等,具有表面活性的新型绿色离子液体,中国科学B辑:化学, 2006, 36 (5): 367~371
[155] Nemeth L, Bare S R, Rathbun W, et al, Oxidative desulfurization of sulfur compounds: Oxidation of thiophene and derivatives with hydrogen peroxide using Ti-Beta catalyst, Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 2008, 174(2):1017~1020
[156] Otsuki S, Nonaka T, Takashima N, et al, Oxidative desulfurization of light gas oil and vacuum gas oil by oxidation and solvent extraction, Energy Fuels, 2000, 14(6): 1232~1239
[157]赵地顺,任红威,李乐,季铵盐相转移催化氧化噻吩脱硫的研究,高等学校化学学报,2007,28(4):739~742
[158] Alonso L, Arce A, Francisco F, et al, Phase behaviour of 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bis[trifluoromethylsufonyl]imide with thiophene and alphatic hydrocarbons: the influence of n-alkane chain length, Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2008, 263: 176~181
[159] Zhao D S,Ren H W,Wang J L,et al, Kinetics and mechanism of quaternary ammonium salts as phase-transfer catalysts in the liquid?liquid phase for oxidation of thiophene, Energy Fuels, 2007, 21(5): 2543~5475
[160]赵地顺,相转移催化原理及应用,北京:化学工业出版社,2007,208~211
[161] Cooper M S, Heaney H, Newbold A J, et al, Oxidation reactions using urea-hydrogen peroxide; A safe alternative to anhydrous hydrogen peroxide,Synlett., 1990, 533~535
[162] Zhao D S, Li F T, Zhou E P, Sun Z M, Kinetics and mechanism of the photo-oxidation of thiophene by O2 adsorbed on molecular sieves, Chem. Res. in Chinese Univ., 2008,24(1):96~100
[163] Rosales-Quintero A, Vargas-Villamil F D, On the multiplicities of a catalytic distillation column for the deep hydrodesulfurization of light gas oil, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2009, 48 (3), 1259~1269
[164] Ma X, Sakanishi K, Mochida I, Hydrodesulfurization reactivities of various sulfur compounds in diesel fuel, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1994, 34(2):218~222
[165]余国贤,陈辉,陆善祥,等,柴油催化氧化深度脱硫研究,高校化学工程学报,2006,20(4):616~621
[166]陈焕章,李永丹,赵地顺,等,汽油和柴油氧化脱硫技术进展,化工进展,2004,23(9):913~916
[167] Hirai T, Ogawa K, Komasawa I, Desulfurization process for dibenzothiophenes from light oil by photochemical reaction and liquid-liquid extraction, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1996, (35): 586~589
[168] Matsuzawa S, Tanaka J, Sato S, Photocatalytic oxidation of dibenzothiophenes in acetonitrile using TiO2: effect of hydrogen peroxide and ultrasound irradiation, Journal of photochemistry and photobiology, A: Chem., 2002, (149): 183~189
[169]庞新梅,李春义,山红红,等,硫化物在FCC催化剂上的裂化脱硫研究,石油大学学报(自然科学版),2003,27(1):95~98
[170] Zhang Z L, Zhou Y S, Zhang S J, Xu C M, Hydrodesulfurization of resid fluid catalytic cracking diesel oil over TiO2?SiO2 supported catalysts, Energy Fuels, 2006, 20 (6), 2293~2298
[171] Liu W Y, Lei Z L, Wang J K, Kinetics and mechanism of plasma oxidative desulfurization in liquid phase, Energy Fuels, 2001, 15 (1): 38~43
[172] Kong L Y, Li G, Wang X S, Wu B, Oxidative desulfurization of organic sulfur in gasoline over Ag/TS-1, Energy Fuels, 2006, 20 (3): 896~902
[173]相春娥,柴永明,柳云骐,等,二苯并噻吩和吲哚在NiMoS/γ-Al2O3上加氢脱硫和加氢脱氮反应的相互影响,燃料化学学报, 2008, 36(6): 684~690
[174]余谟鑫,王书文,黄思思,等,活性炭催化过氧化氢氧化脱附其表面吸附的二苯并噻吩,化工学报, 2008, 59(6): 1425~1429
[175] Zheng J H, Remarks on clean fuel productiontechnology,Petroleum& Petrochemical Today, 2003,11(1): 4~6
[176] Hernández-Maldonado A J, Yang R T, Desulfurization of diesel fuels by adsorption viaπ-complexation with vapor-phase exchanged Cu(I)-Y zeolites, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2004, 126(4): 992~993
[177]谷涛,慕旭宏,杜冰, Cu(I)Y分子筛吸附脱硫剂的制备及其脱硫性能,石油化工, 2006, 35(8) : 716~71
[178] Li W, Wang M D, Chen H, et al, Biodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene by growing cells of gordoniasp in batch cultures, Biotechnol. Lett., 2006, 28(15): 1175~1179
[179] Martin A B, Alcon A, Santos V E, et al, Production of a biocatalyst of pseudomonas putida CECT5279 for dibenzothiophene (DBT) biodesulfurization for different media compositions,Energy Fuels, 2004, 18 (3): 851~857
[180] Huang J F, Sun I W, Formation of nanoporous platinum by selective anodic dissolution of PtZn surface alloy in a lewis acidic zinc chloride-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid, Chem. Mater., 2004, 16 (10), 1829~1831
[181] He L,Tao G H,Liu W S,et al, One-pot synthesis of lewis acidic ionic liquids for Friedel-Crafts alkylation, Chinese Chemical Lett.,2006,17(3):321~324
[182] Chiappe C,Leandri E,Tebano M, [Hmim]NO3-An efficient solvent and promoter in the oxidative aromatic chlorination, Green Chem.,2006,8(8):742~745
[183]刘丹,桂建舟,王利,等,功能化酸性离子液体催化柴油氧化脱硫的研究,燃料化学学报, 2008, 36(5): 601~605
[184]王敬娴,吴芹,黎汉生,等,酸性离子液体及其在催化反应中的应用研究进展,化工进展, 2008, 27(10): 1574~1580, 1592
[185] Smith G P,Dworkin A S,Pagni R M, Br?nsted superacidity of HCl in a liquid choraluminate AlCl3-1-ethyl-3-methyl-1-H-imidazolium chloride, J. Am. Chem.Soc.,1989,111:525~530
[186] Cole A C,Jensen J L,Ntai I,et al, Novel br?nsted acidic ionic liquids and their use as dual solvent-catalysts, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2002,124:5962~5963
[187] Wu Q,Chen H,Han M H,et al, Transesterification of cottonseed oil to biodiesel catalyzed by highly active ionic liquids, Chinese J. Catal.,2006,27(4):294~296
[188] Duan Z Y,Gu Y L,Zhang J,et al, Protic pyridinium ionic liquids:synthesis,acidity determination and their performances for acid catalysis, J. Mol. Catal. A:Chem.,2006,250(1-2):163~168
[189] Guo S,Du Z Y,Zhang S G,et al, Clean beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime in caprolactam-based Br?nsted acidic ionicliquids, Green Chem.,2006,8(3):296~300
[190]寇元,杨雅立,功能化的酸性离子液体,石油化工, 2004 , 33 (4) : 297~302
[191]赵瑶兴,孙祥玉,有机分子结构光谱鉴定,北京:科学出版社, 2003: 34
[192] Reichart C, Solvents and solvent deffects in organic chemistry (2nd ed.), Weinheim,1988: 313
[193] Yang Y L, Kou Y, Determination of the Lewis acidity of ionic liquids by means of an IR spectroscopic probe,Chem Commun., 2004,4(2):226~227
[194]朴玲钰,付晓,杨稚立,等,离子液体的酸性测定及其催化的二苯醚/十二烯烷基化反应,催化学报, 2004, 25(1): 44~48
[195]侯俭,金属的腐蚀与反腐蚀,金属世界,2006,(2):46
[196] Zhu H P, Yang F, Tang J, et al, Br?nsted acidic ionic liquid 1-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate: A green catalyst and recyclable medium for esterification, Green Chem, 2003, 5(1), 38~39
[197] Holbrey J D, Reichert W M, Nieuwenhuyzen M, Sheppard O, Hardacre C, Rogers R D Liquid clathrate formation in ionic liquid-aromatic mixtures, Chem. Commun, 2003, (4): 476~477
[198] He L N, Li H M, Zhu W S, et al, Deep oxidative desulfurization of fuels using peroxophosphomolybdate catalysts in ionic liquids, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2008, 47 (18): 6890~6895
[199] Li F T, Liu R H, Wen J H, et al. Desulfurization of dibenzothiophene by chemical oxidation and solvent extraction with Me3NCH2H6Cl?2ZnCl2 ionic liquid, Green Chem., 2009, DOI: 10.1039/b815575e
[200] Wang X H,Tao G H,Zhang Z Y,et al, Synthesis and characterization of dual acidic ionic liquids, Chinese Chem. Lett.,2005,16(12):1563~1565
[201] Duan Z Y,Gu Y L,Deng Y Q, Green and moisture-stable Lewis acidic ionicliquids (choline chlorid xZnCl2) catalyzed protection of carbonyls at room temperature under solvent-free conditions, Catal. Commun.,2006,7(9):651~656
[202]张进,朴香兰,朱慎林,新型离子液体对苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩的萃取性能研究,石油炼制与化工,2008,39(2):38~41
[2] Nocca J L, Cosyns J, Debuisschert Q, et al, The domino interaction of refinery processes for gasoline quality attainment, NPRRA Annual Meeting, Texas, 2000, AM-00-61
[3]中华人民共和国国家技术监督局,GB-17930-1999,车用无铅汽油,中华人民共和国国家标准,北京:中国标准出版社,1999-12-28
[4] Song C, An overview of new approaches to deep desulfurization for ultra-clean gasoline, diesel fuel and jet fuel, Catalysis Today, 2003,86: 211~263
[5] Gomez E, Santos V E, Alcon A, et al, Oxygen-uptake and mass-transfer rates on the growth of pseudomonas putida CECT5279: Influence on biodesulfurization (BDS) capability, Energy Fuels, 2006, 20(4): 1565~1571
[6] Liu B S, Xu D F, Chu J X, et al, Deep desulfurization by the adsorption process of fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) diesel over mesoporous Al-MCM-41 materials, Energy Fuels, 2007, 21(1): 250~255
[7] Huang D, Wang Y J, Yang L M, et al, Chemical oxidation of dibenzothiophene with a directly combined amphiphilic catalyst for deep desulfurization, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2006, 45(6):1880~1885
[8]刘植昌,胡建如,高金森,离子液体用于催化裂化汽油烷基化脱硫的实验室研究,石油炼制与化工, 2006, 37(10): 22~26
[9] Huang C P, Chen B H, Zhang J, et al, Desulfurization of gasoline by extraction with new ionic liquids, Energy Fuels, 2004, 18(6):1862~1864
[10]陈兰菊,郭绍辉,赵地顺,车用燃料油氧化脱硫技术进展,燃料化学学报,2005,33(2):247~252
[11] Filips P D,Searsella M, Oxidative desulufrization: oxidation reaetivity of sulfur compounds in different organic matrixes, Energy Fuels, 2003,17(6):1452~1455
[12] Fan J, Fan Y C, Pei Y C, et al, Solvent extraction of selected endocrine-disrupting phenols using ionic liquids, Separation and Purification Technology, 2008, 61( 3): 324~331
[13] B?smann A, Datsevich L, Jess A, et al, Deep desulfurization of diesel fuel by extraction with ionic liquids, Chem. Commun. 2001, 2494~2495
[14]邓友全,离子液体—性质、制备与应用,北京:中国石化出版社,2006: 1~9
[15] Wilkes J S, A short history of ionic liquids - from molten salts to neoteric solvents, Green Chem., 2002, 4 (2): 73~80
[16]张锁江,吕兴梅,离子液体-从基础研究到工业应用,北京:科学出版社, 2006: 1~9
[17] Walden P, Acad B, Molecular weights and electrical conductivity of several of several fused salts, Bull Acad Imper Sci (St. Petersburg), 1914, 1800
[18] Freemantle M, Designer solvents?ionic liquids may boost clean technology development, Chem. Eng. News, 1998, 76 (13): 32~37
[19]张星辰,离子液体—从理论基础到研究进展,北京:化学工业出版社, 2009, 7~9
[20] Chum H L, Koch V R, Miller L L, et al, Electrochemical scrutiny of organometallic iron complexes and hexamethylbenzene in a room temperature molten salt, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1975, 97 (11): 3264~3265
[21]王均凤,张锁江,陈慧萍,等,离子液体的性质及其在催化反应中的应用,过程工程学报, 2003, 3(2): 177~185
[22]于世涛,刘福胜,固体酸与精细化工,北京:化学工业出版社,2006
[23] Howarth J, Oxidation of aromatic aldehydes in the ionic liquid [bmim]PF6, Tetra. Lett., 2000, 41(34):6627~6629
[24] Lau F M, Rantwjk F V, Seddon K R, et al, Lipase-catalyzed reaction in ionic liquids, Org. Lett., 2000, 2(26): 4189~4191
[25] Song C E, Roh E J, Practical method to recycle a chiral (salen) Mn epoxidation catalyst by using an ionic liquid, Chem. Commun., 2000, 10: 837~838
[26] Adriano L, Monteiro, Fabiano K, et al, Asymmetric hydrogenation of 2-arylacrylic acids catalyzed by immobilized Ru-BINAP complex in 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate molten salt, Tetra.: Asymmetry, 1997, 8(2): 177~179
[27]顾彦龙,彭家建,乔琨,等,室温离子液体及其在催化和有机合成中的应用,化学进展, 2003, 15(3):222~241
[28] Rosa J N, Afonso C A M, Santos A G, Ionic liquids as a recyclable reaction medium for the Baylis–Hillman reaction, Tetra., 2001,57(19): 4189~4193
[29] Hagiwara H, Shimizu Y, Hoshi T, et al, Heterogeneous Heck reaction catalyzed by Pd/C in ionic liquid, Tetra. Lett., 2001, 42(26): 4349~4351
[30]刘晔,李敏,路勇,等,功能离子液体复合体系中钯催化的Heck偶联反应.高等化学学报,2007,28(4):723~726
[31] Mathews C J, Smith P J, Welton T, Palladium catalysed Suzuki cross-coupling reactions in ambient temperature ionic liquids, Chem. Commun., 2000, (14):1249~1250
[32] Boulaire V L, Gree R, Wittig reactions in the ionic solvent [bmim]BF4, Chem. Commun., 2000, (22), 2195~2196
[33] Song C E, Roh E J, Shim W H, et al, Scandium(III) triflate immobilised in ionic liquids: a novel and recyclable catalytic system for Friedel–crafts alkylation of aromatic compounds with alkenes, Chem. Commun., 2000, (17):1695~1696
[34]乔焜,邓友全,室温离子液体反应介质中叔丁醇氢酯基化反应的研究,化学学报, 2002,60(6): 966~1000
[35]许丹倩,罗书平,刘宝友,等,室温离子液体中催化合成肉桂酸苄酯,有机化学,2004,24(1): 99~102
[36] Keim W, Vogt D, Waffenschmidt H, New method to recycle homogeneous catalysts from monophasic reaction mixtures using an ionic liquid exemplified for the Rh-catalysed hydroformylation of methyl-3-pentenoate, J Catal., 1999, 186:481~484
[37] Waffenschmidt H, Wasserscheid P, Ionic liquids in regioselective platinum-catalysed hydroformylation, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 2000, 164 :61
[38]林棋,付海燕,薛芳,等,新型离子液体介质中长链烯烃氢甲酰化反应,物理化学学报,2006,22(4):465~469
[39] Ford W T, Hauri R J, Kinetics of the reaction of cyclohexyl bromide with tetra?n?propylammonium thiophenoxide in methdnol, dimethylformamide, and molten triethyl?n?hexylammonium triethyl?n?hexylboride, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1973, 95(22): 7381~ 7386
[40] Judeh Z M A, Shen H Y, Chi B C, A facile and efficient nucleophilic displacement reaction at room temperature in ionic liquids, Tetra. Lett., 2002, 43(51): 9381~9384
[41] Institut Francais du Pétrole, Process for separation by settling in a plurality of distinct zones, US Pat. Appl., US6203712B1, 2001
[42] Institut Francais du Pétrole, Process and unit for carrying out a reaction on an organic feed, such as dimerisation or metathesis, in the presence of a polar phase containing a catalyst, US Pat Appl, US6284937.2001
[43] Biedron T, Bednarek M, Kubisa P, Cationic polymerization of 3?ethyl?3?hydroxymethyloxetane in an ionic liquid, Macromol. Rapid Commum., 2004, 25(8): 878~881
[44] Kubisa P, Application of Ionic liquids as solvents for polymerization processes, Prog. Polym. Sci., 2004, 29(1): 3~12
[45] Trzeciak A M, Ziolkowski J J, Polymerization of phenylacetylene catalysed by RhTp(cod) and RhBp(cod) in ionic liquids: effect of alcohols and of tetraammonium halides, Appl. Organomet. Chem., 2004, 18(3): 124~129
[46] Earle M J, Katdare S P, Seddon K R, Paradigm confirmed: The first use of ionic liquids to dramatically influence the outcome of chemical reactions, Org. Lett., 2004,6(5): 707~710
[47]马晶军,王春,臧晓欢,等,室温离子液体促进的5-亚芳基巴妥酸衍生物的合成,有机化学, 2006, 26(5): 723~726
[48] Khan F A, Dash J, Satapathy R, et al, Hydrotalcite catalysis in ionic liquid medium: a recyclable reaction system system for heterogeneous knoevenagel and nitroaldol condensation, Tetra. Lett., 2004, 45(15): 3055~3058
[49] Cordova A, Direct catalytic asymmetric cross-aldol reactions in ionic liquid media, Tetra. Lett., 2004, 45(20): 3949~3952
[50] Loh T P, Feng L C, Yang H Y, et al, L-proline in an ionic liuquid as an efficient and reusable catalyst for direct asymmetric aldol reactions, Tetra. Lett., 2002, 43(48): 8741~8743
[51] Peng J, Deng Y, Catalytic beckmann rearrangement of ketoximes in ionic liquids, Tetra. Lett., 2001, 42: 403~405
[52] Lee J K, Kim D C, Song C E, et al, Thermal behaviors of ionic liquids under microwave irradiation and their application on microwave?assisted catalytic beckmann rearrangement of ketoximes, Synth. Commun., 2003, 33(13): 2301~2307
[53] Harjani J R, Nara S J, Salunkhe M M, Fries rearrangement in ionic melts, Tetra. Lett., 2001,42(10): 1979~1981
[54]王雨,郑晓宇,吴肇亮,四氯化钛离子液体中辛基酚己二酸酯的Fries重排反应,精细化工,2006,23(2):118~121
[55] Zulfiqar F, Kitazume T, Lewis acid?catalysed sequential reaction in ionic liquids, Green Chem., 2000, 2(6): 296~297
[56] Huddleston J G, Willauer H D, Swatloski R P, et al, Room temperature ionic liquids as novel media for 'clean' liquid?liquid extraction, Chem. Commun., 1998, 16: 1765~1766
[57] Visser A E, Holbrey J D, Rogers R D, Hydrophobic ionic liquids incorporating N-alkylisoquinolinium cations and their utilization in liquid-liquid separations, Chem. Commun., 2001, 2484~2485
[58] Abraham M H, Zissimos A M, Huddleston J G, et al, Some novel liquid partitioning systems: water?ionic liquids and aqueous biphasic systems, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2003, 42(3): 413~418
[59] Liu J, Chi Y, Jiang G, et al, Ionic liquid?based liquid microextraction: a new sample enrichment procedure for liquid chromatography, J. Chromatography A, 2004, 1026(1?2): 143~147
[60] Laremore T N, Murugesan S, Park T J, et al, Matrix?assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric analysis of uncomplexed highly sulfated oligosaccharides using ionic liquid matrices, Anal. Chem., 2006, 78(6): 1774~1779
[61] Martak J, Schlosser S, Extraction of lactic acid by phosphonium ionic liquids,Separation and Purification Technology, 2007, 57(3):483~494
[62] Abbott A P, Cullis M J, Gibson R C, et al, Extraction of glycerol from biodiesel into a eutectic based ionic liquid, Green Chem., 2007, 9: 868~872
[63] Lateef H, Grimes M S, Morton R,et al, Extraction of components of composite materials: ionic liquids in the extraction of flame retardants from plastics, J Chem Technol Biotechnol, 2008, 83,541~545
[64] Dai S, Ju Y H, Barnes C E, Solvent extraction of strontium nitrate by a crown ether using room?temperature ionic liquids, Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions, 1999, (8): 1201~1202
[65] Visser A E, Swatloski R P, Reichert W M, et al, Task?specific ionic liquids incorporating novel cations for the coordination and extraction of Hg2+ and Cd2+: Synthesis, characterization, and extraction studies, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2002, 36(11): 2523~2529
[66] Luo H, Dai S, Bonnesen P V, et al, Extraction of cesium ions from aqueous solutions using calix[4]arene?bis(tert?octylbenzo?crown?6) in ionic liquids, Anal. Chem., 2004, 76(11): 3078~3083
[67] Shimojo K, Goto M, Solvent extraction and stripping of silver ions in room?temperature ionic liquids containing calixarenes, Anal. Chem., 2004, 76(17): 5039~5044
[68] Wei G T, Yang Z, Chen C J, Room temperature ionic liquids as novel medium for liquid/liquid extraction of metal ions, Anal. Chim. Acta., 2003, 488(2): 183~192
[69] Wei G Z, Yang Z, Lee C Y, et al, Aqueous?organic phase transfer of gold nanoparticles and gold nanorods using an ionic liquid, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2004, 126(16):5036~5037
[70] Huang H L, Wang H P, Wei G T, Extraction of nanosize copper, pollutants with an ionic liquid, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2006, 40(15): 4761~4764
[71] Bate E D, Maytin R O, Ntai I, et al,CO2 capture by a task?specific ionic liquid, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2002, 124(6): 926~927
[72] Zhang J M, Zhang S J, Dong K, et al, Supported absorption of CO2 by tetrabutylphosphonium amino acid ionic liquids, Chemistry?A European Journal, 2006, 12(15): 4021~4026
[73] Cadours R, Lecomte F, Magna L, et al, Acid gas removal from natural gas by two?stage scrubbing with nonaqueous solution of ionic liquids, FR 2866345 A1 20050819
[74] Han X X, Armstrong D W, Ionic liquids in separations, Acc. Chem. Res., 2007, 40: 1079~1086
[75] Kou Y, Xiong W, Tao G H,et al, Absorption and capture of methane into ionic liquid, Natural Gas Chem., 2006, 15: 282~286
[76] Rogers R D, Seddon K R, Ionic liquids - solvents of the future? Science, 2003, 302: 792~793
[77] Appetecchi G B, Montanino M, Zane D,et al, Effect of the alkyl group on the synthesis and the electrochemical properties of N-alkyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ionic liquids, Electrochimica Acta, 2009, 54(4): 1325~1332
[78] Alnashef I M, Leonard M L, Matthews M A,et al, Superoxide Electrochemistry in an ionic liquid, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2002, 41 (18), 4475~4478
[79] Li F H, Li F, Song J X, et al,Green synthesis of highly stable platinum nanoparticles stabilized by amino-terminated ionic liquid and its electrocatalysts for dioxygen reduction and methanol oxidation, Electrochem. Commun., 2009,11(2): 351~354
[80] Fu X L, Zhang Z, Li C M,et al, N-heterocyclic carbomethoxylation catalyzed by ionic liquids in the presence of dimethyl carbonate, Catal. Commun., 2009,10(5): 665~668
[81] Alammar T, Mudring A V, Facile ultrasound-assisted synthesis of ZnO nanorods in an ionic liquid, Materials Lett., 2009,63(9-10): 732~735
[82] Wang Y, Yang H, Synthesis of iron oxide nanorods and nanocubes in an imidazolium ionic liquid, Chemical Engineering Journal, 2009,147 (1): 71~78
[83] Larionova J, Guari Y, Tokarev A, et al,Coordination polymer nano-objects into ionic liquids: nanoparticles and superstructures, Inorganica Chimica Acta, 2008,361 (14-15): 3988~3996
[84]张普玉,彭李超,李文斌,等,离子液体[Bmim]PF6对聚乳酸的增塑作用,精细化工, 2008,25(6): 587~590
[85] Snedden P, Cooper A I, Scott K,et al,Cross-linked polymer?ionic liquid composite materials, Macromolecules, 2003, 36 (12), 4549~4556
[86] Dubois, Marchand G, Fouillet Y,et al, Ionic liquid droplet as e-microreactor, Anal. Chem., 2006, 78 (14), 4909~4917
[87] Mai M, Feldmann C, Two-color emission of Zn2SiO4: Mn from ionic liquid mediated synthesis, Solid State Sciences, 2009, 11(2), 528~532
[88] B?smann A, Datsevich L, Jess A, et al, Deep desulfurization of diesel fuel by extraction with ionic liquids, Chem. Commun. 2001, (23):2494~2495
[89] Nie Y, Li C X, Sun A J,et al, Extractive desulfurization of gasoline using midazolium-based phosphoric ionic liquids, Energy Fuels, 2006, 20(5): 2083~2087
[90]周瀚成,陈楠,石峰,等,离子液体萃取脱硫新工艺研究,分子催化, 2005,19(2): 94~97
[91] Zhang S G, Zhang Q, Zhang Z C, Extractive desulfurization and denitrogenation of fuels using ionic liquids, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2004, 43(2): 614~622
[92]王建龙,赵地顺,周二鹏,等,吡啶类离子液体在汽油萃取脱硫中的应用研究,燃料化学学报, 2007, 35(3): 293~296
[93] Zhang S G, Zhang Z C, Novel properties of ionic liquids in selective sulfur removal from fuels at room temperature, Green Chem., 2002, 4: 376~379
[94] Su B M, Zhang S G, Zhang Z C, Structural elucidation of thiophene interaction with ionic liquids by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, J. Phy. Chem. B, 2004, 108 (50): 19510 ~19517
[95]张姝妍,曹祖宾,赵德智,等,室温离子液体对FCC汽油络合萃取脱硫的研究,炼油技术与工程, 2005,35 (5): 35~38
[96] Huang C P, Chen B H, Zhang J, et al, Desulfurization of gasoline by extraction with new ionic liquids, Energy Fuels, 2004, 18(6): 1862~1864
[97]张成中,黄崇品,李建伟,离子液体的结构及其汽油萃取脱硫性能,化学研究, 2005, 16(1): 23~25
[98]张傑,黄崇品,陈标华,等,用[BMIM][Cu2Cl3]离子液体萃取脱除汽油中的硫化物,燃料化学学报, 2005,33(4): 431~434
[99]曾小岚,李丹,张香平,等,基于离子液体的燃料油萃取脱硫过程,过程工程学,2007,7(3):506~509
[100] Esser J, Wasserscheid P, Jess A, Deep desulfurization of oil refinery streams by extraction with ionic liquids, Green Chem., 2004,6 (7):316~322
[101]曾雪玲,唐晓东,离子液体在燃料油脱硫中的应用进展,精细石油化工进展, 2008, 9(2):46~49
[102]项小燕,林金清,离子液体萃取燃料油脱硫技术的研究进展,化工进展, 2007,26(12):1681~1685
[103]高红帅,李望良,邢建民,等,离子液体用于燃料油深度脱硫的研究进展,石油化工,2007,36(9):966~970
[104] Al-Shahrani F, Xiao T, Lewellyn S A, et al, Desulfurization of diesel via the H2O2 oxidation of aromatic sulfides to sulfones using a tungstate catalyst, Appl Catal B: Environmental, 2007, 73, 311~316
[105] Chan N Y, Lin T Y , Yen T F, Superoxides: alternative oxidants for the oxidative desulfurization process, Energy Fuels, 2008, 22 (5), 3326~3328
[106] He L N, Li H M, Zhu W S, et al, Deep oxidative desulfurization of fuels using peroxophosphomolybdate catalysts in ionic liquids, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2008, 47 (18): 6890~6895
[107] Lo W H, Yang H Y, Wei G T, One-pot desulfurization of light oils by chemical oxidation and solvent extraction with room temperature ionic liquid, Green Chem., 2003, 5(5): 639~642
[108] Zhao X B, Zhang T, Zhou Y J, et al, Preparation of peracetic acid fromhydrogen peroxide: Part I: Kinetics for peracetic acid synthesis and hydrolysis, J. Mol. Cata. A: Chemical, 2007, 271(1-2): 246~252
[109] Lu L, Cheng S, Gao J, et al, Deep oxidative desulfurization of fuels catalyzed by ionic liquid in the presence of H2O2, Energy & Fuels; 2007, 21(1): 383~384
[110] Zhu W, Li H, Jiang X, et al, Oxidative desulfurization of fuels catalyzed by peroxotungsten and peroxomolybdenum complexes in ionic liquids, Energy & Fuels, 2007, 21(5): 2514~2516
[111] Zhao D S, Wang J L, Zhou E P, Oxidative desulurization of diesel using Bronsted acid room temperature ionic liquid in the presence of H2O2, Green Chem, 2007, 9(11): 1219~1222
[112] Zhao D S, Liu R, Wang J L, et al, Photochemical oxidation- ionic liquid extraction coupling technique in deep desulphurization of light oil, Energy Fuel, 2008, 22:1100~1103
[113] Chauhan S M S, Kumar A, Srinivas K A, Oxidation of thiols with molecular oxygen catalyzed by cobalt(II) phthalocyanmines in ionic liquid, Chem. Commun., 2003, (18): 2348~2349
[114] Okrasa K, Guibe-Jampel E, Therisod M, Ionic liquids as a new reaction medium for oxidase-peroxidase-catalyzed sulfoxidation, Tetra.: Asymmetry, 2003, 14(17):2487~2490
[115]柯明,周爱国,赵振盛,等, FCC汽油烷基化脱硫技术进展,化工进展, 2006,25(4):357~361
[116]刘植昌,胡建如,高金森,离子液体用于催化裂化汽油烷基化脱硫的实验研究,石油炼制与化工, 2006, 37(10): 22~26
[117]黄蔚霞,李云龙,汪燮卿,离子液体在催化裂化汽油脱硫中的应用,化工进展, 2004, 23(3): 297~299
[118]柯明,周爱国,曹文智,等, Brφnsted酸性离子液体在汽油烷基化脱硫中的应用,石油化工高等学校学报, 2008,21(2):25~28
[119]丌西敏,张爱健,张贵荣,等,噻吩在离子液体中的电化学聚合及其在模拟汽油脱硫中的应用,环境化学,2006,25(2):183~186
[120]中国石油大学(北京),一种柴油耦合脱硫的方法,中国, CN200610066595.6.2006
[121]张泽凯,蒋晖,刘盛林,等,汽油烷基化脱硫反应中噻吩及其衍生物的烷基化性能,催化学报,2006,27(4):309~313
[122]王建龙,赵地顺,周二鹏, Br?nsted酸性离子液体在萃取氧化二苯并噻吩中的应用,石油学报(石油加工), 2008, 24(2): 227~231
[123] Jochen E, Peter W, Andreas J, Deep desulfurization of oil refinery streams by extraction with ionic liquids, Green Chem., 2004,6:316~322
[124] Wang J L, Zhao D S, Zhou E P,et al, Desulfurization of gasoline by extraction with N-alkyl-pyridinium-based ionic liquids. Fuel Chem Technol, 2007,35(3),293~296
[125] Jiang X C, Nie Y, Li C X, et al, Imidazolium- based alkylphosphate ionic liquids―a potential solvent for extractive desulfurization of fuel,Fuel, 2007, 86(3):1~6
[126] Naudin E,Ho H A,Branchaud S,et al, Electrochemical polymerization and characterization of poly[3-(4-fluorophenyl) thiophene] in pure ionic liquids, J. Phys. Chem. B,2002,106 (41):10585~10593
[127] Schucker,Robert S, Electrochemical oxidation of sulfur compounds in naphtha using ionic liquids:US,6274026, 2001
[128]冯婕,李春喜,孟洪,等,磷酸酯类离子液体在燃油深度脱硫中的应用,石油化工,2006,35(3):272~276
[129] Cole-Hamilton D J, Homogeneous catalysis—new approaches to catalyst separation, recovery and recycling, Science,2003,299:1702~1706
[130] Planeta J,Karásek P,Roth M, Distribution of sulfur-containing aromatics between [hmim]Tf2N and supercritical CO2:a case study for deep desulfurization of oil refinery streams by extraction with ionic liquids, Green Chem.,2006,8 (1):70~77
[131]中国科学院过程工程研究所,一种吸附有硫的离子液体的脱硫再生方法,中国,CN200510086862.1.2005
[132] Jiang D, Wang Y Y, Xu Y N, et al,Doebner condensation in ionic liquids [Bmim]BF4 and [BPy]BF4 to synthesizeα,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid,Chinese Chem. Lett., 2009,20 (3): 279~282
[133] Yang M H, Yan G Bg, Zheng Y F, Regioselective ring-opening reactions of 1,2-epoxides with thiols and arylselenols directly promoted by [Bmim]BF4, Tetra. Lett., 2008, 4(45, 3): 6471~6474
[134] Huo Y, Xia S Q, Yi S Zi, et al, Measurement and correlation of vapor pressure of benzene and thiophene with [BMIM][PF6] and [BMIM][BF4] ionic liquids, Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2009, 276( 1): 46~52
[135] Petit S, Azzouz R, Fruit C, et al, An efficient protocol for the preparation of pyridinium and imidazolium salts based on the Mitsunobu reaction,Tetra. Lett., 2008, 4( 22): 3663~3665
[136]赵地顺,张星辰,周清泽,等,以脲和硫脲为主体的高分子固体电解质的研究,高等学校化学学报, 1999, 20(5): 768~771
[137]赵地顺,张星辰,周泽清,等,脲、硫脲固体电解质导电机理分析,高等学校化学学报, 2000, 21(5): 794~796
[138]赵地顺,张星辰,周泽清,等,以脲和硫氰酸铵为主体的固体电解质的研究,功能高分子学报, 1999, 12(6): 162~164
[139]赵地顺,王娜,李雪刚,配位离子液体[3(CH3CH2)4N+Cl-·(NH2)2CO]的合成及表征,化工学报,2007,58(6):1457~1460
[140] Hu Y S, Li H, Huang X J, Chen L Q, Novel room temperature molten salt electrolyte based on LiTFSI and acetamide for lithium batteries, Electrochem. Commun.,2004, 6 (1): 28~32
[141] Abbott A P, Capper G, Davies D L, et al, Novel solvent properties of choline chloride/urea mixtures. Chem. Commun., 2003, 70~71
[142]赵地顺,李雪刚,刘宝友,等,离子液体体系ZnCl2-尿素的制备及性质,精细化工,2007, 24(7):632~635
[143]王娜,配位离子液体的合成与表征及其在汽油模型脱硫中的应用:[硕士论文],石家庄:河北科技大学,2007
[144]赵地顺,王娜,配位离子液体[ (CH3CH2)4N+Cl-·3C6H11NO]的合成与表征,现代化工,2007,27,增刊(1):200~202
[145] Ellis B, Keim W, Wasserscheid P, Linear dimerisation of but-1-ene in biphasic mode using buffered chloroaluminate ionic liquid solvents, Chem.Commun, 1999, (4): 337~338
[146]郑文锐,傅尧,刘磊,等,尿素及硫脲与羰基化合物间的氢键相互作用,物理化学学报, 2007, 23(07) 1018~1024
[147] Zhao D S, Zhang X C, Zhou Q Z, et al, Study on solid electrolytes based on urea and NHSCONH2, Chem. J. Chinese Univ., 1999, 20 (5): 768~771
[148]谢晶曦,常俊标,王绪明,红外光谱在有机化学和药物化学中的应用,北京:科学出版社,2001:94
[149]汪瑗,阿里木江·艾拜都拉,波谱综合解析指导,北京:化学工业出版社,2008:24
[150]翟翠萍,王键吉,轩小朋,等,核磁方法研究离子液体与丙酮的相互作用,物理化学学报,2006, 22(4): 456～459
[151]孟令芝,龚淑玲,何永炳编著,有机波谱分析,武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003
[152]王建英,赵风云,刘玉敏,等, 1?烷基?3?甲基咪唑系列室温离子液体表面张力的研究,化学学报,2007,65(21): 1443~1448
[153]蒋栋,王媛媛,刘洁,等,咪唑类离子液体结构与熔点的构效关系及其基本规律,化学通报,2007,(5):371~375
[154]张海波,周晓海,董金凤,等,具有表面活性的新型绿色离子液体,中国科学B辑:化学, 2006, 36 (5): 367~371
[155] Nemeth L, Bare S R, Rathbun W, et al, Oxidative desulfurization of sulfur compounds: Oxidation of thiophene and derivatives with hydrogen peroxide using Ti-Beta catalyst, Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 2008, 174(2):1017~1020
[156] Otsuki S, Nonaka T, Takashima N, et al, Oxidative desulfurization of light gas oil and vacuum gas oil by oxidation and solvent extraction, Energy Fuels, 2000, 14(6): 1232~1239
[157]赵地顺,任红威,李乐,季铵盐相转移催化氧化噻吩脱硫的研究,高等学校化学学报,2007,28(4):739~742
[158] Alonso L, Arce A, Francisco F, et al, Phase behaviour of 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bis[trifluoromethylsufonyl]imide with thiophene and alphatic hydrocarbons: the influence of n-alkane chain length, Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2008, 263: 176~181
[159] Zhao D S,Ren H W,Wang J L,et al, Kinetics and mechanism of quaternary ammonium salts as phase-transfer catalysts in the liquid?liquid phase for oxidation of thiophene, Energy Fuels, 2007, 21(5): 2543~5475
[160]赵地顺,相转移催化原理及应用,北京:化学工业出版社,2007,208~211
[161] Cooper M S, Heaney H, Newbold A J, et al, Oxidation reactions using urea-hydrogen peroxide; A safe alternative to anhydrous hydrogen peroxide,Synlett., 1990, 533~535
[162] Zhao D S, Li F T, Zhou E P, Sun Z M, Kinetics and mechanism of the photo-oxidation of thiophene by O2 adsorbed on molecular sieves, Chem. Res. in Chinese Univ., 2008,24(1):96~100
[163] Rosales-Quintero A, Vargas-Villamil F D, On the multiplicities of a catalytic distillation column for the deep hydrodesulfurization of light gas oil, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2009, 48 (3), 1259~1269
[164] Ma X, Sakanishi K, Mochida I, Hydrodesulfurization reactivities of various sulfur compounds in diesel fuel, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1994, 34(2):218~222
[165]余国贤,陈辉,陆善祥,等,柴油催化氧化深度脱硫研究,高校化学工程学报,2006,20(4):616~621
[166]陈焕章,李永丹,赵地顺,等,汽油和柴油氧化脱硫技术进展,化工进展,2004,23(9):913~916
[167] Hirai T, Ogawa K, Komasawa I, Desulfurization process for dibenzothiophenes from light oil by photochemical reaction and liquid-liquid extraction, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1996, (35): 586~589
[168] Matsuzawa S, Tanaka J, Sato S, Photocatalytic oxidation of dibenzothiophenes in acetonitrile using TiO2: effect of hydrogen peroxide and ultrasound irradiation, Journal of photochemistry and photobiology, A: Chem., 2002, (149): 183~189
[169]庞新梅,李春义,山红红,等,硫化物在FCC催化剂上的裂化脱硫研究,石油大学学报(自然科学版),2003,27(1):95~98
[170] Zhang Z L, Zhou Y S, Zhang S J, Xu C M, Hydrodesulfurization of resid fluid catalytic cracking diesel oil over TiO2?SiO2 supported catalysts, Energy Fuels, 2006, 20 (6), 2293~2298
[171] Liu W Y, Lei Z L, Wang J K, Kinetics and mechanism of plasma oxidative desulfurization in liquid phase, Energy Fuels, 2001, 15 (1): 38~43
[172] Kong L Y, Li G, Wang X S, Wu B, Oxidative desulfurization of organic sulfur in gasoline over Ag/TS-1, Energy Fuels, 2006, 20 (3): 896~902
[173]相春娥,柴永明,柳云骐,等,二苯并噻吩和吲哚在NiMoS/γ-Al2O3上加氢脱硫和加氢脱氮反应的相互影响,燃料化学学报, 2008, 36(6): 684~690
[174]余谟鑫,王书文,黄思思,等,活性炭催化过氧化氢氧化脱附其表面吸附的二苯并噻吩,化工学报, 2008, 59(6): 1425~1429
[175] Zheng J H, Remarks on clean fuel productiontechnology,Petroleum& Petrochemical Today, 2003,11(1): 4~6
[176] Hernández-Maldonado A J, Yang R T, Desulfurization of diesel fuels by adsorption viaπ-complexation with vapor-phase exchanged Cu(I)-Y zeolites, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2004, 126(4): 992~993
[177]谷涛,慕旭宏,杜冰, Cu(I)Y分子筛吸附脱硫剂的制备及其脱硫性能,石油化工, 2006, 35(8) : 716~71
[178] Li W, Wang M D, Chen H, et al, Biodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene by growing cells of gordoniasp in batch cultures, Biotechnol. Lett., 2006, 28(15): 1175~1179
[179] Martin A B, Alcon A, Santos V E, et al, Production of a biocatalyst of pseudomonas putida CECT5279 for dibenzothiophene (DBT) biodesulfurization for different media compositions,Energy Fuels, 2004, 18 (3): 851~857
[180] Huang J F, Sun I W, Formation of nanoporous platinum by selective anodic dissolution of PtZn surface alloy in a lewis acidic zinc chloride-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid, Chem. Mater., 2004, 16 (10), 1829~1831
[181] He L,Tao G H,Liu W S,et al, One-pot synthesis of lewis acidic ionic liquids for Friedel-Crafts alkylation, Chinese Chemical Lett.,2006,17(3):321~324
[182] Chiappe C,Leandri E,Tebano M, [Hmim]NO3-An efficient solvent and promoter in the oxidative aromatic chlorination, Green Chem.,2006,8(8):742~745
[183]刘丹,桂建舟,王利,等,功能化酸性离子液体催化柴油氧化脱硫的研究,燃料化学学报, 2008, 36(5): 601~605
[184]王敬娴,吴芹,黎汉生,等,酸性离子液体及其在催化反应中的应用研究进展,化工进展, 2008, 27(10): 1574~1580, 1592
[185] Smith G P,Dworkin A S,Pagni R M, Br?nsted superacidity of HCl in a liquid choraluminate AlCl3-1-ethyl-3-methyl-1-H-imidazolium chloride, J. Am. Chem.Soc.,1989,111:525~530
[186] Cole A C,Jensen J L,Ntai I,et al, Novel br?nsted acidic ionic liquids and their use as dual solvent-catalysts, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2002,124:5962~5963
[187] Wu Q,Chen H,Han M H,et al, Transesterification of cottonseed oil to biodiesel catalyzed by highly active ionic liquids, Chinese J. Catal.,2006,27(4):294~296
[188] Duan Z Y,Gu Y L,Zhang J,et al, Protic pyridinium ionic liquids:synthesis,acidity determination and their performances for acid catalysis, J. Mol. Catal. A:Chem.,2006,250(1-2):163~168
[189] Guo S,Du Z Y,Zhang S G,et al, Clean beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime in caprolactam-based Br?nsted acidic ionicliquids, Green Chem.,2006,8(3):296~300
[190]寇元,杨雅立,功能化的酸性离子液体,石油化工, 2004 , 33 (4) : 297~302
[191]赵瑶兴,孙祥玉,有机分子结构光谱鉴定,北京:科学出版社, 2003: 34
[192] Reichart C, Solvents and solvent deffects in organic chemistry (2nd ed.), Weinheim,1988: 313
[193] Yang Y L, Kou Y, Determination of the Lewis acidity of ionic liquids by means of an IR spectroscopic probe,Chem Commun., 2004,4(2):226~227
[194]朴玲钰,付晓,杨稚立,等,离子液体的酸性测定及其催化的二苯醚/十二烯烷基化反应,催化学报, 2004, 25(1): 44~48
[195]侯俭,金属的腐蚀与反腐蚀,金属世界,2006,(2):46
[196] Zhu H P, Yang F, Tang J, et al, Br?nsted acidic ionic liquid 1-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate: A green catalyst and recyclable medium for esterification, Green Chem, 2003, 5(1), 38~39
[197] Holbrey J D, Reichert W M, Nieuwenhuyzen M, Sheppard O, Hardacre C, Rogers R D Liquid clathrate formation in ionic liquid-aromatic mixtures, Chem. Commun, 2003, (4): 476~477
[198] He L N, Li H M, Zhu W S, et al, Deep oxidative desulfurization of fuels using peroxophosphomolybdate catalysts in ionic liquids, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2008, 47 (18): 6890~6895
[199] Li F T, Liu R H, Wen J H, et al. Desulfurization of dibenzothiophene by chemical oxidation and solvent extraction with Me3NCH2H6Cl?2ZnCl2 ionic liquid, Green Chem., 2009, DOI: 10.1039/b815575e
[200] Wang X H,Tao G H,Zhang Z Y,et al, Synthesis and characterization of dual acidic ionic liquids, Chinese Chem. Lett.,2005,16(12):1563~1565
[201] Duan Z Y,Gu Y L,Deng Y Q, Green and moisture-stable Lewis acidic ionicliquids (choline chlorid xZnCl2) catalyzed protection of carbonyls at room temperature under solvent-free conditions, Catal. Commun.,2006,7(9):651~656
[202]张进,朴香兰,朱慎林,新型离子液体对苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩的萃取性能研究,石油炼制与化工,2008,39(2):38~41