船载固定式高压细水雾灭火系统应用研究
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摘要
随着经济社会的发展,人们对环保和火灾事故日益关注,近年来卤代烷替代产品细水雾灭火技术得到了较快的发展,高压细水雾灭火系统具有安全、高效、环保等优点,必将成为重要灭火技术发展方向。
火灾是最致命的一种船舶事故,所造成的损失居所有海难事故之首。船舶既具有高层建筑的高度,又有地下建筑封闭性,还有各类复杂化工货品,火灾类型复杂,具有高层、地下、人员密集场所、化工、仓库火灾的特点,而且船舶起火后扑救方面不易得到陆上消防队伍的支持,必须立足于初期扑救和自救。开展新型高效的船舶细水雾灭火系统的研究是船舶消防安全的必然要求。
本文以船载固定式高压细水雾灭火系统为研究对象,采用理论分析和实验的方法对其关键技术进行了研究。首先介绍了船舶火灾的特点、细水雾灭火技术的研究现状；分析了细水雾灭火技术在船舶灭火中的优势,对细水雾的生成机理、雾化方式和灭火机理进行了详细的分析；论述了细水雾雾滴质量的评定标准、高压细水雾喷头的雾化原理,对新型高压细水雾喷头进行了实验对比研究。
实验表明：直射—旋流高压细水雾喷头耗时短,耗水量少,灭火效率明显提高。高压细水雾喷头要实现良好雾化,喷雾压力必须在7MPa以上；但压力提高到10MPa后,细水雾的灭火效率才得到更大的提高。
Along with the development of society and economy, people pay more and more attention to the environmental protection and the fire accident. In recent years, the halogenated silane alternative product polycomponent water fire-fighting technology gets the rapid development. The high-pressure water mist fire-extinguishing system has the safety, high efficiency, environmental protection and other advantages, and will be one of the important fire technologies in the future.
In the sea accidents, the fire is one of the most deadly accidents. The ship fire has the characteristics of the height of the high-rise building, underground structures and so on, is the collection of fire top fire, underground fire, chemical fire, personnel intensive place fire and warehouse fire. The ship fire fighting is not easy to get the support of the fire control team, must be based on early saves and saving themselves. It's necessary to carry out new and efficient research of water mist fire extinguishing system for ships
In this paper, the ship fixed high pressure polycomponent water extinguishing system as the object of study, adopting the theoretical analysis and the method of combining the experiment and the theory to the system research. This paper first introduces the present situation, characteristics and the traditional fire extinguishing system of the ship fire, and Outlines the present situation of the water mist fire extinguishing technology; Briefly introduced the water mist fire extinguishing system and technology, compared the advantages of the water mist fire extinguishing technology in the ship fire, and analysed the atomization way and the fire fighting mechanism. This paper discusses the jet theory, the assessment of water mist droplet quality standards, high-pressure water mist nozzle of the spray nozzle design parameters and principles and theory, and the new high-pressure water mist nozzle by experimental comparative study.
The experiment showed that the direct-hydrocyclone high pressure water mist sprayer has the advantages of short time consuming and less of water consumption, and the fire fighting efficiency obviously improved. High pressure water mist sprayer in order to realize the good atomization, the spray pressure must be to 7 MPa or above. After the pressure increase to 10 MPa, the fire fighting efficiency will get more improved.
火灾是最致命的一种船舶事故,所造成的损失居所有海难事故之首。船舶既具有高层建筑的高度,又有地下建筑封闭性,还有各类复杂化工货品,火灾类型复杂,具有高层、地下、人员密集场所、化工、仓库火灾的特点,而且船舶起火后扑救方面不易得到陆上消防队伍的支持,必须立足于初期扑救和自救。开展新型高效的船舶细水雾灭火系统的研究是船舶消防安全的必然要求。
本文以船载固定式高压细水雾灭火系统为研究对象,采用理论分析和实验的方法对其关键技术进行了研究。首先介绍了船舶火灾的特点、细水雾灭火技术的研究现状；分析了细水雾灭火技术在船舶灭火中的优势,对细水雾的生成机理、雾化方式和灭火机理进行了详细的分析；论述了细水雾雾滴质量的评定标准、高压细水雾喷头的雾化原理,对新型高压细水雾喷头进行了实验对比研究。
实验表明：直射—旋流高压细水雾喷头耗时短,耗水量少,灭火效率明显提高。高压细水雾喷头要实现良好雾化,喷雾压力必须在7MPa以上；但压力提高到10MPa后,细水雾的灭火效率才得到更大的提高。
Along with the development of society and economy, people pay more and more attention to the environmental protection and the fire accident. In recent years, the halogenated silane alternative product polycomponent water fire-fighting technology gets the rapid development. The high-pressure water mist fire-extinguishing system has the safety, high efficiency, environmental protection and other advantages, and will be one of the important fire technologies in the future.
In the sea accidents, the fire is one of the most deadly accidents. The ship fire has the characteristics of the height of the high-rise building, underground structures and so on, is the collection of fire top fire, underground fire, chemical fire, personnel intensive place fire and warehouse fire. The ship fire fighting is not easy to get the support of the fire control team, must be based on early saves and saving themselves. It's necessary to carry out new and efficient research of water mist fire extinguishing system for ships
In this paper, the ship fixed high pressure polycomponent water extinguishing system as the object of study, adopting the theoretical analysis and the method of combining the experiment and the theory to the system research. This paper first introduces the present situation, characteristics and the traditional fire extinguishing system of the ship fire, and Outlines the present situation of the water mist fire extinguishing technology; Briefly introduced the water mist fire extinguishing system and technology, compared the advantages of the water mist fire extinguishing technology in the ship fire, and analysed the atomization way and the fire fighting mechanism. This paper discusses the jet theory, the assessment of water mist droplet quality standards, high-pressure water mist nozzle of the spray nozzle design parameters and principles and theory, and the new high-pressure water mist nozzle by experimental comparative study.
The experiment showed that the direct-hydrocyclone high pressure water mist sprayer has the advantages of short time consuming and less of water consumption, and the fire fighting efficiency obviously improved. High pressure water mist sprayer in order to realize the good atomization, the spray pressure must be to 7 MPa or above. After the pressure increase to 10 MPa, the fire fighting efficiency will get more improved.
引文
[1]张元林,潘小平.船舶火灾扑救处置对策初探.中国消防在线。2007-8
[2]邓东.固定式高压单相流细水雾灭火系统研究：(博士学位论文).杭州：浙江大学,2006.
[3]周智力.船舶移动式细水雾灭火系统研究：(硕士学位论文).大连：大连海事大学,2007.
[4]方明树.浅析船舶火灾的成因及预防对策.南通航运职业技术学院学报,2003,3：23-27.
[5]《国际消防安全系统规则》(FSS规则).2010年7月1日生效.
[6]周华,邓东,范垣宵,杨华勇.固定式高压单相流细水雾系统的灭火效果试验.液压与气动,2004,10：66-68.
[7]李骏勇,贾海滨.利用智能消防阀门控制的细水雾系统在瓦斯防爆方面应用的探讨.消防技术与产品信息,2006,4：47-50.
[8]李正军.现场总线及其应用技术.机械工业出版社.2005
[9]龙芸.细水雾灭火系统现状及其应用.消防技术与产品信息,2004,12：63-67.
[10]贺小峰,廖义德,邱鸿利,李壮云.基于水压传动技术的高压细水雾灭火系统.液压与气动,2004,2：1-2
[11]葛晓霞,张学魁.细水雾灭火系统技术研究进展.火灾科学,2006,5(2)：74-77.
[12]周华,范明豪,杨华勇.移动式高压直接雾化细水雾灭火系统.消防科学与技术,2003,22(6)：488-491.
[13]刘江虹,廖光煊,范维澄等.细水雾灭火技术及其应用.火灾科学,2001,(1)：34-38.
[14]范明豪.纯水液压细水雾灭火系统研究：(博士学位论文).杭州：浙江大学,2003.
[15]NFPA750-2000,Standard on water mist Fire protection systems.
[16]Liu, Z.G., "Research results have implications for the use of water- mist systems as an alternative to halon in suppressing fires," Water Mist Systems may prove Alternative to Halon Construction Innovation,1998,3 (2):6-7.
[17]张玉荣,金志明,余永刚.高压下液体射流破碎雾化特性实验研究.航空动力学报.1999.4.
[18]金志明,栗保明,余永刚.高速液体受限射流扩展形态研究.爆炸与冲击.1998.3.
[19]吴晓伟,刘东岳,吴一红.高压细水雾喷头的特征参数分析及设计要点.消防技术与产品信息,2005,12：16-18.
[20]Mawhinney, J. R. and Richardson, J. K. A Review of Water Mist Fire Suppression Research and Development, Fire Technology, Vol.33, No.1,1997, pp.54-90.
[21]Wenhua Yang,Terry Parker, H.D. Ladouceur,Robert J. Kee. The interaction of thermal radiation and water mist in fire suppression.Fire Safety Journal,2004,(39):41-66.
[22]李宝利,田亮.高压细水雾系统的研究.中国消防协会年会,1999：209-212.
[23]余常昭.紊动射流.北京：高等教育出版社,1993.4
[24]沈忠厚.水射流理论与技术.东营：石油大学出版社,1998.3
[25]韩惠霖.喷射理论及应用.杭州：浙江大学出版社,1990.11
[26]章子雄,董曾南.粘性流体力学.北京：清华大学出版社,1998.
[27]刘江虹,廖光煊,秦俊,范维澄.细水雾与射流卷吸现象的模拟实验研究.火灾科学.2000.2,8-13
[28]曾汉才,韩才元,吴学曾,张永廉.燃烧技术.武汉：华中理工大学出版社.1991.11,107-112
[29]姚斌.细水雾与扩散火焰相互作用的模拟研究.中国科学技术大学博士学位论文.1999.4
[30]何光华.隧道中固定式高压细水雾灭火系统研究：(硕士学位论文).大连：大连海事大学,2009.
[31]Work Package 2.5 of the Research Project UPTUN of the European Commission. Engineering Guidance for Water Based Fire Fighting Systems for the Projection of Tunnels and Subsurface Facilities.August 2006.
[32]周善淮,周华,邓东.高压单相流细水雾自动灭火系统的设计.液压与气动,2004,3：4-5
[33]万会雄,黄海波,黄辉.船用固定式高压细水雾灭火系统的研制.湖北工业大学学报,2008,4：94-96.
[34]山西省工程建设细水雾灭火系统设计、施工及验收规范DBJ10895—2006
[35]GB 50129-1995水喷雾灭火系统设计规范
[36]GB J84-1985自动喷水灭火系统设计规范
[37]GB 50261-1996自动喷水灭火系统施工及验收规范
[38]GBJ 110-1987卤代烷1211灭火系统设计规范
[39]GBJ 50163-1992卤代烷1301灭火系统设计规范
[40]GBJ 50196-1993二氧化碳灭火系统设计规范
[2]邓东.固定式高压单相流细水雾灭火系统研究：(博士学位论文).杭州：浙江大学,2006.
[3]周智力.船舶移动式细水雾灭火系统研究：(硕士学位论文).大连：大连海事大学,2007.
[4]方明树.浅析船舶火灾的成因及预防对策.南通航运职业技术学院学报,2003,3：23-27.
[5]《国际消防安全系统规则》(FSS规则).2010年7月1日生效.
[6]周华,邓东,范垣宵,杨华勇.固定式高压单相流细水雾系统的灭火效果试验.液压与气动,2004,10：66-68.
[7]李骏勇,贾海滨.利用智能消防阀门控制的细水雾系统在瓦斯防爆方面应用的探讨.消防技术与产品信息,2006,4：47-50.
[8]李正军.现场总线及其应用技术.机械工业出版社.2005
[9]龙芸.细水雾灭火系统现状及其应用.消防技术与产品信息,2004,12：63-67.
[10]贺小峰,廖义德,邱鸿利,李壮云.基于水压传动技术的高压细水雾灭火系统.液压与气动,2004,2：1-2
[11]葛晓霞,张学魁.细水雾灭火系统技术研究进展.火灾科学,2006,5(2)：74-77.
[12]周华,范明豪,杨华勇.移动式高压直接雾化细水雾灭火系统.消防科学与技术,2003,22(6)：488-491.
[13]刘江虹,廖光煊,范维澄等.细水雾灭火技术及其应用.火灾科学,2001,(1)：34-38.
[14]范明豪.纯水液压细水雾灭火系统研究：(博士学位论文).杭州：浙江大学,2003.
[15]NFPA750-2000,Standard on water mist Fire protection systems.
[16]Liu, Z.G., "Research results have implications for the use of water- mist systems as an alternative to halon in suppressing fires," Water Mist Systems may prove Alternative to Halon Construction Innovation,1998,3 (2):6-7.
[17]张玉荣,金志明,余永刚.高压下液体射流破碎雾化特性实验研究.航空动力学报.1999.4.
[18]金志明,栗保明,余永刚.高速液体受限射流扩展形态研究.爆炸与冲击.1998.3.
[19]吴晓伟,刘东岳,吴一红.高压细水雾喷头的特征参数分析及设计要点.消防技术与产品信息,2005,12：16-18.
[20]Mawhinney, J. R. and Richardson, J. K. A Review of Water Mist Fire Suppression Research and Development, Fire Technology, Vol.33, No.1,1997, pp.54-90.
[21]Wenhua Yang,Terry Parker, H.D. Ladouceur,Robert J. Kee. The interaction of thermal radiation and water mist in fire suppression.Fire Safety Journal,2004,(39):41-66.
[22]李宝利,田亮.高压细水雾系统的研究.中国消防协会年会,1999：209-212.
[23]余常昭.紊动射流.北京：高等教育出版社,1993.4
[24]沈忠厚.水射流理论与技术.东营：石油大学出版社,1998.3
[25]韩惠霖.喷射理论及应用.杭州：浙江大学出版社,1990.11
[26]章子雄,董曾南.粘性流体力学.北京：清华大学出版社,1998.
[27]刘江虹,廖光煊,秦俊,范维澄.细水雾与射流卷吸现象的模拟实验研究.火灾科学.2000.2,8-13
[28]曾汉才,韩才元,吴学曾,张永廉.燃烧技术.武汉：华中理工大学出版社.1991.11,107-112
[29]姚斌.细水雾与扩散火焰相互作用的模拟研究.中国科学技术大学博士学位论文.1999.4
[30]何光华.隧道中固定式高压细水雾灭火系统研究：(硕士学位论文).大连：大连海事大学,2009.
[31]Work Package 2.5 of the Research Project UPTUN of the European Commission. Engineering Guidance for Water Based Fire Fighting Systems for the Projection of Tunnels and Subsurface Facilities.August 2006.
[32]周善淮,周华,邓东.高压单相流细水雾自动灭火系统的设计.液压与气动,2004,3：4-5
[33]万会雄,黄海波,黄辉.船用固定式高压细水雾灭火系统的研制.湖北工业大学学报,2008,4：94-96.
[34]山西省工程建设细水雾灭火系统设计、施工及验收规范DBJ10895—2006
[35]GB 50129-1995水喷雾灭火系统设计规范
[36]GB J84-1985自动喷水灭火系统设计规范
[37]GB 50261-1996自动喷水灭火系统施工及验收规范
[38]GBJ 110-1987卤代烷1211灭火系统设计规范
[39]GBJ 50163-1992卤代烷1301灭火系统设计规范
[40]GBJ 50196-1993二氧化碳灭火系统设计规范