南通市农村留守儿童心理健康水平特征和体育锻炼干预作用研究
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摘要
研究目的:了解南通市农村留守儿童心理健康水平特征和体育锻炼参与行为现状以及体育锻炼对农村留守儿童心理健康水平的影响。
研究方法:1问卷调查法。通过问卷调查了解南通市农村留守儿童心理健康水平和体育锻炼参与行为的现状。2干预法。通过运动干预研究体育锻炼对留守儿童的心理健康水平的影响。
研究结果:
第一部分1.南通市留守儿童心理问题的检出率较我国其它地区检出率低,但焦虑、人际关系、偏执和恐怖、抑郁倾向等因子的检出率较高。
2.留守儿童心理健康水平各因子的阳性检出率普遍高于非留守儿童,而抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、人际关系和偏执因子的检出率以及量表总分两者间具有显著性差异。
3.留守男童抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖和偏执维度得分以及量表总分显著低于女童。
4.不同监护类型的留守儿童之间,躯体化、敌对、偏执和精神病因子无显著性差异;而强迫症状、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖因子和心理健康的总体水平具有显著性或极显著性差异。以单亲监护型留守儿童的心理健康水平较高。
5.不同留守年限的留守儿童之间,人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执因子以及心理健康水平总分具有显著性或极显著性差异。留守年限短的留守儿童整体心理健康水平较高。
第二部分1.农村留守儿童闲暇时间较多,期间仅5.53%的留守儿童进行体育锻炼,其主要动机依次为丰富课余生活、增强体质、追求身心快乐和增强人际交往。
2.留守儿童喜欢的体育项目依次为羽毛球、乒乓球、健美操等技巧性强的运动项目;男、女留守儿童在运动项目的选择上有一定差异;但大多喜欢和同学或朋友一起参加锻炼。
3.体育锻炼的时间多集中在下午放学后或晚上,运动强度为中等或中等以上;锻炼持续时间小于30min的人数占93.43%,每周锻炼次数为≤1次的人数占75.1%,有77.46%的留守儿童近1年内没有参加体育竞赛。
4.农村留守儿童体育消费水平相对较低,年均消费在100元以下的占83.96%,其消费形式以实物消费为主。
5.场地器材缺乏、体育活动辛苦,对体育不感兴趣、运动知识匮乏,缺少专业人员指导以及自己身体条件差是制约留守儿童参加体育运动的瓶颈。
第三部分1体育锻炼可显著提高留守儿童的心理健康水平。留守儿童运动组在体育锻炼后心理健康总分以及抑郁、恐怖和焦虑因子的得分呈极显著性下降(P<0.01),人际关系、敌对和偏执因子得分显著降低(P<0.05)。
2体育锻炼对农村留守男童不良健康心理有积极地促进和改善作用。留守男童运动锻炼组在人际关系、抑郁、恐怖和偏执椅子的得分明显降低(P<0.05),心理健康总分也明显下降(P<0.01)。
3体育锻炼对农村留守女童不良健康心理有积极地促进和改善作用。留守女童运动锻炼干预组在人际关系因子、抑郁因子、焦虑因子、恐怖因子以及心理健康总分明显低于留守儿童对照组(P<0.01);偏执因子得分情况也明显低于留守儿童对照组(P<0.05)。
结论:1、南通市留守儿童心理健康水平各因子的阳性检出率普遍高于非留守儿童。不同性别、不同监护类型、不同留守年限的留守儿童之间心理健康水平存在差异。
2、南通市农村留守儿童闲暇时仅5.53%进行体育锻炼;有77.46%的留守儿童近1年内没有参加任何的体育竞赛,且体育消费水平相对较低。可供给留守儿童使用的场地器材缺乏、体育活动辛苦等主客观因素是制约留守儿童参加体育运动的瓶颈。
3、体育锻炼可显著提高留守儿童的心理健康水平,对不同性别留守儿童的不良心理均有积极地改善作用。
Research aims: This essay tries to investigate the psychological health level of rear children, the present situation of children’s participation in physical exercises, and the interference effects of exercise. Hopefully, it can promote the healthy development of those rear children both physically and mentally, and meanwhile, we can find out therapy on the level of rear children’s psychological health.
Research methodologies: By resorting to questionnaires, the researcher aims to find out characteristics of rear children’s psychological health level in NanTong and the interference effects of Exercise. By the way of interference, the essay investigates the effects of sports on children’s mental and physical health.
Research results: In the first part, the researcher finds out that the percentage of children who have been tested of psychological problems is comparably lower compared with the other parts of our country. But at the same time, the positive rate of their psychological health level is commonly higher than that of normal children. There are also some different psychological health levels between the rear children with different gender, different types of guardianship and various years of being left behind. Among them, those single parent children have a higher level of psychological health. Male rear children have a lower rate of psychological problems compared with females. Those with a short period of living alone experience have an overall sense of higher level healthy condition than those long time rear children.
In the second part, the author attempts to analyze the deep reasons behind it. The rear children have much spare time, yet only 5.53% 0f them engaged in a certain sport in an attempt to enrich their excurricula life, keep fit, pursue physical and mental happiness and reinforce interpersonal relationship. For those rear children, they like various sports ranging from playing badminton, ping-pong and gymnastics to other ones with strong skills. And rear children with different genders tend to have different preferences in sports, yet most of them like to be with their peers. There are about 93.43% of them taking sports less than 30 minutes, 75.1% of them exercise at most once a week and amounting to 77.46% of them never take part in any forms of sports competition within a year. What’s more, their consumption level of sports is very low. There are many subjective and objective factors that prevent rear children from taking part in the exercises, such as, lack of playground and facilities and feeling tired of doing sports exercises.
In the third part, the author puts forward some practical suggestions. Sports can greatly improve the rear children’s phchological condition. Exercises have positive effect on male and female rear children. The interference group has lower scores in interpersonal relations, withdrawnness, anxiety compared with untested group. Conclusions:
1. The percentage of children who have been tested of psychological problems is comparably lower compared with the other parts of our country. But at the same time, the positive rate of their psychological health level is commonly higher than that of normal children. There are also some different psychological health levels between the rear children with different gender, different types of guardianship and various years of being left behind.
2. The study shows that rear children in NanTong only spend 5.53% of their spare time doing exercises and also there are almost 77.46% of the rear children haven’t participated in any sporting events in recent one year. What’s more, their consumption level of sports is very low. There are many subjective and objective factors that prevent rear children from taking part in the exercises, such as, lack of playground and facilities and feeling tired of doing sports exercises.
3. Athletic sports can obviously polish up rear children’s psychological health level and can also have positive effects on improving rear children’s poor psychology with different gender.
研究方法:1问卷调查法。通过问卷调查了解南通市农村留守儿童心理健康水平和体育锻炼参与行为的现状。2干预法。通过运动干预研究体育锻炼对留守儿童的心理健康水平的影响。
研究结果:
第一部分1.南通市留守儿童心理问题的检出率较我国其它地区检出率低,但焦虑、人际关系、偏执和恐怖、抑郁倾向等因子的检出率较高。
2.留守儿童心理健康水平各因子的阳性检出率普遍高于非留守儿童,而抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、人际关系和偏执因子的检出率以及量表总分两者间具有显著性差异。
3.留守男童抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖和偏执维度得分以及量表总分显著低于女童。
4.不同监护类型的留守儿童之间,躯体化、敌对、偏执和精神病因子无显著性差异;而强迫症状、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖因子和心理健康的总体水平具有显著性或极显著性差异。以单亲监护型留守儿童的心理健康水平较高。
5.不同留守年限的留守儿童之间,人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执因子以及心理健康水平总分具有显著性或极显著性差异。留守年限短的留守儿童整体心理健康水平较高。
第二部分1.农村留守儿童闲暇时间较多,期间仅5.53%的留守儿童进行体育锻炼,其主要动机依次为丰富课余生活、增强体质、追求身心快乐和增强人际交往。
2.留守儿童喜欢的体育项目依次为羽毛球、乒乓球、健美操等技巧性强的运动项目;男、女留守儿童在运动项目的选择上有一定差异;但大多喜欢和同学或朋友一起参加锻炼。
3.体育锻炼的时间多集中在下午放学后或晚上,运动强度为中等或中等以上;锻炼持续时间小于30min的人数占93.43%,每周锻炼次数为≤1次的人数占75.1%,有77.46%的留守儿童近1年内没有参加体育竞赛。
4.农村留守儿童体育消费水平相对较低,年均消费在100元以下的占83.96%,其消费形式以实物消费为主。
5.场地器材缺乏、体育活动辛苦,对体育不感兴趣、运动知识匮乏,缺少专业人员指导以及自己身体条件差是制约留守儿童参加体育运动的瓶颈。
第三部分1体育锻炼可显著提高留守儿童的心理健康水平。留守儿童运动组在体育锻炼后心理健康总分以及抑郁、恐怖和焦虑因子的得分呈极显著性下降(P<0.01),人际关系、敌对和偏执因子得分显著降低(P<0.05)。
2体育锻炼对农村留守男童不良健康心理有积极地促进和改善作用。留守男童运动锻炼组在人际关系、抑郁、恐怖和偏执椅子的得分明显降低(P<0.05),心理健康总分也明显下降(P<0.01)。
3体育锻炼对农村留守女童不良健康心理有积极地促进和改善作用。留守女童运动锻炼干预组在人际关系因子、抑郁因子、焦虑因子、恐怖因子以及心理健康总分明显低于留守儿童对照组(P<0.01);偏执因子得分情况也明显低于留守儿童对照组(P<0.05)。
结论:1、南通市留守儿童心理健康水平各因子的阳性检出率普遍高于非留守儿童。不同性别、不同监护类型、不同留守年限的留守儿童之间心理健康水平存在差异。
2、南通市农村留守儿童闲暇时仅5.53%进行体育锻炼;有77.46%的留守儿童近1年内没有参加任何的体育竞赛,且体育消费水平相对较低。可供给留守儿童使用的场地器材缺乏、体育活动辛苦等主客观因素是制约留守儿童参加体育运动的瓶颈。
3、体育锻炼可显著提高留守儿童的心理健康水平,对不同性别留守儿童的不良心理均有积极地改善作用。
Research aims: This essay tries to investigate the psychological health level of rear children, the present situation of children’s participation in physical exercises, and the interference effects of exercise. Hopefully, it can promote the healthy development of those rear children both physically and mentally, and meanwhile, we can find out therapy on the level of rear children’s psychological health.
Research methodologies: By resorting to questionnaires, the researcher aims to find out characteristics of rear children’s psychological health level in NanTong and the interference effects of Exercise. By the way of interference, the essay investigates the effects of sports on children’s mental and physical health.
Research results: In the first part, the researcher finds out that the percentage of children who have been tested of psychological problems is comparably lower compared with the other parts of our country. But at the same time, the positive rate of their psychological health level is commonly higher than that of normal children. There are also some different psychological health levels between the rear children with different gender, different types of guardianship and various years of being left behind. Among them, those single parent children have a higher level of psychological health. Male rear children have a lower rate of psychological problems compared with females. Those with a short period of living alone experience have an overall sense of higher level healthy condition than those long time rear children.
In the second part, the author attempts to analyze the deep reasons behind it. The rear children have much spare time, yet only 5.53% 0f them engaged in a certain sport in an attempt to enrich their excurricula life, keep fit, pursue physical and mental happiness and reinforce interpersonal relationship. For those rear children, they like various sports ranging from playing badminton, ping-pong and gymnastics to other ones with strong skills. And rear children with different genders tend to have different preferences in sports, yet most of them like to be with their peers. There are about 93.43% of them taking sports less than 30 minutes, 75.1% of them exercise at most once a week and amounting to 77.46% of them never take part in any forms of sports competition within a year. What’s more, their consumption level of sports is very low. There are many subjective and objective factors that prevent rear children from taking part in the exercises, such as, lack of playground and facilities and feeling tired of doing sports exercises.
In the third part, the author puts forward some practical suggestions. Sports can greatly improve the rear children’s phchological condition. Exercises have positive effect on male and female rear children. The interference group has lower scores in interpersonal relations, withdrawnness, anxiety compared with untested group. Conclusions:
1. The percentage of children who have been tested of psychological problems is comparably lower compared with the other parts of our country. But at the same time, the positive rate of their psychological health level is commonly higher than that of normal children. There are also some different psychological health levels between the rear children with different gender, different types of guardianship and various years of being left behind.
2. The study shows that rear children in NanTong only spend 5.53% of their spare time doing exercises and also there are almost 77.46% of the rear children haven’t participated in any sporting events in recent one year. What’s more, their consumption level of sports is very low. There are many subjective and objective factors that prevent rear children from taking part in the exercises, such as, lack of playground and facilities and feeling tired of doing sports exercises.
3. Athletic sports can obviously polish up rear children’s psychological health level and can also have positive effects on improving rear children’s poor psychology with different gender.
引文
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