基于GIS的景观湖体水质管理系统（SLMGIS）研究
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摘要
在我国大力推进节能减排,建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会的战略决策大背景下,为应对城市建设,特别是绿色建筑、绿色住区推广带来的景观湖体数量的快速增长,和再生水回用对景观湖体水质管理提出更高要求,以及景观湖体受污染严重的现状之间的矛盾,开展了基于地理信息系统(GIS:geographic information system)的景观湖体水质管理系统(SLMGIS:GIS-based Scenic Lake Water Quality Management System)研究。首先针对景观湖体的水质特征和管理需求,构建了独立的水质模型,模型与水动力学模型EFDC相耦合,实现三维水力+水质模拟,并采用民主湖实测数据对模型进行了参数率定和验证;在此基础上,引入时态GIS构建了SLMGIS,系统可以进行水力、水质数据时空四维存储、动态可视化与分析,对景观湖体进行流域范围内的污染源和水质管理;最后,开发了基于GIS的龙景湖景观湖体水质管理系统,利用该系统对龙景湖进行水质管理的动态化和可视化,包括流域分析、污染源管理、水质预测以及水质保障措施的设计和效果预测等功能。
在现有湖库水质模型研究的基础上,结合景观湖体水质特征和管理要求,构建了景观湖体水质模型。模型包括9个状态变量、5个子系统,以水质边界的方式引入植物浮床、喷泉和跌水三种水质保障措施以及底泥的作用效果;采用显格式有限差分法对模型控制方程进行离散;以水力文件为链接进行水质模型与水动力学模型EFDC的耦合,运用面向对象的C++语言,在microsoft visual C++平台编写水质模型软件,实现三维水动力学+水质模拟。水力、水质独立建模、联合应用的方式建立的景观湖体耦合模型,可根据需要灵活选择是否进行水力模拟,提高了决策效率。该模型包含了部分原位人工水质保障措施的效果模拟,为景观湖设计、水质预测提供技术支持。
以民主湖为例进行模型的验证。根据高温多雨期的水质监测数据进行模型参数的率定,低温枯雨期的水质监测数据进行模型验证,证实该模型可以成功实现景观湖体的水质模拟和预测,并利用模型进行数值试验,模拟了对民主湖进行“控源”、“水力循环”以及“控源+水力循环”三种措施后的水质变化,结果证明控源能降低民主湖的污染物浓度,水力循环能改善水体的水力条件,改变污染物浓度分布,二者联合使用能有效控制湖水水质。
将水质模型与时态GIS集成,建立了SLMGIS。水质模型与GIS之间完全集成,采用共同的空间数据库实现双向的数据交换,二者与水动力学模块EFDC之间紧密集成,通过空间数据转换和水力链接文件实现联合;利用COM (ComponentObject Model-based)组件技术和Visual C++平台编制水质管理软件,软件集成了EFDC水动力学模型和景观湖体水质模型的计算功能和网格划分,速度场、浓度场的显示查询、GIS空间分析等功能;在数据存储策略上,采用通用的netCDF文件格式存储模拟结果,实现了水力、水质数据时空四维存储、动态可视化与分析,将景观湖体水质管理范围扩展到整个流域的污染源控制,为景观湖体水质与其污染源的统一控制、管理提供技术支持。
开发了基于GIS的龙景湖SLMGIS。建立了园区的三维数字模型,利用GIS对龙景湖进行流域分析、园区内污染源分析、计算网格的划分和模拟结果的动态可视化,利用水力/水质耦合模型进行水质预测。系统预测了建成后龙景湖水质,选择“控源”作为水质保障措施,并对比了措施前后的水质变化,引入综合营养状态指数法进行湖体的富营养化评价,为水质管理提供验证性应用和示范。
In the context of the China’s strategic decision of vigorously promoting energy-saving and emission-reduction, building a resource-saving and environment- friendly society, urban construction, especially the promotion of green building and green settlement, gets the quick increase of the quantity of scenic lake. Reuse of reclaimed water challenges water quality management. In addition, most of scenic lakes are polluted seriously. In response to the above problem, a GIS-based scenic lake water quality management system (SLMGIS) was developed. First of all, the water quality model was built according to the characteristics of scenic lakes and management demands, coupled with hydrodynamic model EFDC in order to get three-dimensional simulation of hydrodynamic and water quality. Then the coupled model was calibrated and validated with water quality data of Minzhu Lake. Based on the coupled model, SLMGIS was constructed on the temporal GIS, storing, dynamic visualizing and analyzing of four-dimensional space-time data of hydrodynamic and water quality, and watershed-scale of pollution sources and water quality management could be achieved. At last, LJH-SLMGIS was developed. The system can be used to dynamic visualize, watershed analyze, pollution sources manage, water quality forecast, and design and effect predict of water quality guarantee measures.
Based on the published model researches of lake and reservoir water quality, a scenic lake water quality model was constructed, which adapt to scenic lake characteristics and management requirements. The model included nine state variables and five subsystems. The operating results of three kinds of artificial water quality protection measures, plant floating bed, fountain and water-falling and affect of sediment were simulated by making them the water quality boundary. Control equations of the model were discretized by finite difference method. The model was linked with hydrodynamic model EFDC by hydraulic file. Then, the quality model software programmed in object-orented language C++ on Microsoft Visual C++ platform to get three-dimensional simulation of hydrodynamic and quality. The water quality model was constructed separating with hydraulic model and combined applied with it. In this way, hydraulic simulation can be done or not according to the situation and the decision-making efficiency can be improved. From the above mentioned, the coupled model provides technical support for scenic lake design and water quality prediction.
The model was verified based on water quality monitoring data of Minzhu Lake. Model parameters values were calibrated by water quality monitoring data of high-temperature and rainy season. Model results were verified by the data of low-temperature and dry season, which confirmed the coupled model can successfully simulate and predict water quality of scenic lake. Then, a numerical experiment was experimentized by the model to discuss the implementation effect of three security measures of“source controlling”,“hydraulic cycle”and“source controlling and hydraulic cycle”. The results showed that source controlling reduced the concentration of pollutants, the hydraulic cycle improved the hydraulic conditions of water bodies, and combined of the two measures could effectively control the water quality of lake.
A scenic lake water quality management system was established through the coupled model integrated with temporal GIS. The water quality model and GIS fully integrated, sharing one spatial database for two-way data exchange. Both of them tightly integrated with EFDC through spatial data conversion and hydraulic file. The software was developed on vc++ platform and used COM (Component Object Model-based) technologies, which got the function of simulation and meshing of the EFDC and water quality model, the function of display and query of velocity field and concentration field, and spatial analysis of GIS. For the data storage strategy of the system, netCDF file was used to store results of simulation to achieve the storing, dynamic visualizing and analyzing four-dimensional space-time data of hydrodynamic and water quality, and watershed-scale of pollution sources and water quality management. Therefore, technical support to control and management of scenic lake water quality and sources was then provided.
LJH-SLMGIS (Longjing Hu SLMGIS) was developed. A three - dimensional digital model of the park was established. Watershed analysis, pollution analysis, division of calculation grid of the lake and dynamic visualization of simulation results were achieved by GIS. Then water quality after the park completed was predicted by the coupled model. Effect of water quality ensurance measure of“source controlling”was predicted and analyzed. At last, the evaluation of eutrophication was made by assessment method of comprehensive nutrition state index. In short, the application of the scenic lake water quality management system was validated and demonstrated.
在现有湖库水质模型研究的基础上,结合景观湖体水质特征和管理要求,构建了景观湖体水质模型。模型包括9个状态变量、5个子系统,以水质边界的方式引入植物浮床、喷泉和跌水三种水质保障措施以及底泥的作用效果;采用显格式有限差分法对模型控制方程进行离散;以水力文件为链接进行水质模型与水动力学模型EFDC的耦合,运用面向对象的C++语言,在microsoft visual C++平台编写水质模型软件,实现三维水动力学+水质模拟。水力、水质独立建模、联合应用的方式建立的景观湖体耦合模型,可根据需要灵活选择是否进行水力模拟,提高了决策效率。该模型包含了部分原位人工水质保障措施的效果模拟,为景观湖设计、水质预测提供技术支持。
以民主湖为例进行模型的验证。根据高温多雨期的水质监测数据进行模型参数的率定,低温枯雨期的水质监测数据进行模型验证,证实该模型可以成功实现景观湖体的水质模拟和预测,并利用模型进行数值试验,模拟了对民主湖进行“控源”、“水力循环”以及“控源+水力循环”三种措施后的水质变化,结果证明控源能降低民主湖的污染物浓度,水力循环能改善水体的水力条件,改变污染物浓度分布,二者联合使用能有效控制湖水水质。
将水质模型与时态GIS集成,建立了SLMGIS。水质模型与GIS之间完全集成,采用共同的空间数据库实现双向的数据交换,二者与水动力学模块EFDC之间紧密集成,通过空间数据转换和水力链接文件实现联合;利用COM (ComponentObject Model-based)组件技术和Visual C++平台编制水质管理软件,软件集成了EFDC水动力学模型和景观湖体水质模型的计算功能和网格划分,速度场、浓度场的显示查询、GIS空间分析等功能;在数据存储策略上,采用通用的netCDF文件格式存储模拟结果,实现了水力、水质数据时空四维存储、动态可视化与分析,将景观湖体水质管理范围扩展到整个流域的污染源控制,为景观湖体水质与其污染源的统一控制、管理提供技术支持。
开发了基于GIS的龙景湖SLMGIS。建立了园区的三维数字模型,利用GIS对龙景湖进行流域分析、园区内污染源分析、计算网格的划分和模拟结果的动态可视化,利用水力/水质耦合模型进行水质预测。系统预测了建成后龙景湖水质,选择“控源”作为水质保障措施,并对比了措施前后的水质变化,引入综合营养状态指数法进行湖体的富营养化评价,为水质管理提供验证性应用和示范。
In the context of the China’s strategic decision of vigorously promoting energy-saving and emission-reduction, building a resource-saving and environment- friendly society, urban construction, especially the promotion of green building and green settlement, gets the quick increase of the quantity of scenic lake. Reuse of reclaimed water challenges water quality management. In addition, most of scenic lakes are polluted seriously. In response to the above problem, a GIS-based scenic lake water quality management system (SLMGIS) was developed. First of all, the water quality model was built according to the characteristics of scenic lakes and management demands, coupled with hydrodynamic model EFDC in order to get three-dimensional simulation of hydrodynamic and water quality. Then the coupled model was calibrated and validated with water quality data of Minzhu Lake. Based on the coupled model, SLMGIS was constructed on the temporal GIS, storing, dynamic visualizing and analyzing of four-dimensional space-time data of hydrodynamic and water quality, and watershed-scale of pollution sources and water quality management could be achieved. At last, LJH-SLMGIS was developed. The system can be used to dynamic visualize, watershed analyze, pollution sources manage, water quality forecast, and design and effect predict of water quality guarantee measures.
Based on the published model researches of lake and reservoir water quality, a scenic lake water quality model was constructed, which adapt to scenic lake characteristics and management requirements. The model included nine state variables and five subsystems. The operating results of three kinds of artificial water quality protection measures, plant floating bed, fountain and water-falling and affect of sediment were simulated by making them the water quality boundary. Control equations of the model were discretized by finite difference method. The model was linked with hydrodynamic model EFDC by hydraulic file. Then, the quality model software programmed in object-orented language C++ on Microsoft Visual C++ platform to get three-dimensional simulation of hydrodynamic and quality. The water quality model was constructed separating with hydraulic model and combined applied with it. In this way, hydraulic simulation can be done or not according to the situation and the decision-making efficiency can be improved. From the above mentioned, the coupled model provides technical support for scenic lake design and water quality prediction.
The model was verified based on water quality monitoring data of Minzhu Lake. Model parameters values were calibrated by water quality monitoring data of high-temperature and rainy season. Model results were verified by the data of low-temperature and dry season, which confirmed the coupled model can successfully simulate and predict water quality of scenic lake. Then, a numerical experiment was experimentized by the model to discuss the implementation effect of three security measures of“source controlling”,“hydraulic cycle”and“source controlling and hydraulic cycle”. The results showed that source controlling reduced the concentration of pollutants, the hydraulic cycle improved the hydraulic conditions of water bodies, and combined of the two measures could effectively control the water quality of lake.
A scenic lake water quality management system was established through the coupled model integrated with temporal GIS. The water quality model and GIS fully integrated, sharing one spatial database for two-way data exchange. Both of them tightly integrated with EFDC through spatial data conversion and hydraulic file. The software was developed on vc++ platform and used COM (Component Object Model-based) technologies, which got the function of simulation and meshing of the EFDC and water quality model, the function of display and query of velocity field and concentration field, and spatial analysis of GIS. For the data storage strategy of the system, netCDF file was used to store results of simulation to achieve the storing, dynamic visualizing and analyzing four-dimensional space-time data of hydrodynamic and water quality, and watershed-scale of pollution sources and water quality management. Therefore, technical support to control and management of scenic lake water quality and sources was then provided.
LJH-SLMGIS (Longjing Hu SLMGIS) was developed. A three - dimensional digital model of the park was established. Watershed analysis, pollution analysis, division of calculation grid of the lake and dynamic visualization of simulation results were achieved by GIS. Then water quality after the park completed was predicted by the coupled model. Effect of water quality ensurance measure of“source controlling”was predicted and analyzed. At last, the evaluation of eutrophication was made by assessment method of comprehensive nutrition state index. In short, the application of the scenic lake water quality management system was validated and demonstrated.
引文
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