三角新小卷蛾生物学、生态学及防治研究
摘要
三角新小卷蛾(Olethreutes leucaspis Meyrick),别名黄三角黑卷蛾,属鳞翅目,小卷蛾亚科。在国内各荔枝、龙眼产区均有发生,主要以幼虫为害嫩梢、嫩叶,影响光合作用和树势的正常生长发育,特别在夏、秋梢期危害尤为严重,直接影响翌年结果母枝的形成。目前三角新小卷蛾的发生量已占为害荔枝和龙眼各种卷叶蛾总量的85%以上,已成为危害荔枝、龙眼卷叶蛾类的优势种群。本课题对三角新小卷蛾的生物学、生态学进行较为全面的研究,观察其生活习性,掌握其发生为害规律,为有效的防治该虫提供科学依据的理论基础。主要研究结果如下:
1)三角新小卷蛾生物学:三角新小卷蛾在大棚(海南儋州)条件下一年发生10代,世代重叠。幼虫有6个龄期,整个幼虫期都藏匿在卷叶中为害,老熟幼虫多在附近稍老的叶片上沿叶缘作叶苞并在其中化蛹。成虫羽化高峰期在下午2~4时,产卵前期1～2d,卵散产在已萌动梢芽上的复叶或小叶缝隙间,也有产在小叶叶脉间。
2)三角新小卷蛾生态学:通过5种拟合方法的测定分析,三角新小卷蛾幼虫在荔枝园遵从聚集型分布,且随着虫口密度的提高聚集强度逐渐增强。三角新小卷蛾各虫态历期随着温度的升高而缩短,在5个温度处理下三角新小卷蛾的种群趋势指数从高到低为:60.80(24℃)>53.76 (28℃)>30.24 (32℃) >30.00 (20℃) >26.84 (16℃),表明三角新小卷蛾喜高温,适宜的生长发育温度范围在24~30℃之间。湿度对三角新小卷蛾的生长发育也有一定影响,在5个不同相对湿度处理下三角新小卷蛾种群趋势指数从高到低顺序为:63.34(75%)>53.09 (85%)>41.74 (95%) >33.17 (65%) >23.87 (55%),试验表明三角新小卷蛾更偏好高湿,适宜其生长的湿度范围为75%～90%。食物影响因子试验表明荔枝、龙眼是三角新小卷蛾的适宜寄主,5种植物对三角新小卷蛾种群趋势指数的影响从高到低为:60.80(荔枝)>53.76 (龙眼)>49.00 (柑桔) >36.10 (莲雾) >30.60 (芒果)。试验中取食莲雾和柑桔的三角新小卷蛾各虫态发育相当良好,但是在果园实际调查中还未发现三角新小卷蛾对这2种植物的为害。
3)防治研究结果:室内毒力测定结果显示功夫菊酯的LC50为0.6786mg/Kg,毒力最强,其次是阿维菌素,LC50为1.4096mg/Kg。田间药效试验表明,功夫、乐
Olethreutes leucaspis Meyrick falls under the class of Olethreutinae of Lepidoptera. The insect happen at regions producing litchi and longan in China, and it does harm to tender leaf and young shoot with larva mainly influencing photosynthesis and tendency normal to grow. It is serious especially in the period of treetip in summer and autumn, because it can influence bearing base shoots forming of next year directly. Now, the quantity of Olethreutes leucaspis Meyrick become more than 85% of all the leaf rollers which are harmful to litchi and longan, It have already become the advantage population of leaf rollers which has endangered litchies , longan. In this paper, the biology and ecology of Olethreutes leucaspis Meyrick were studied more comprehensively. The habits of its life were observed and the regular rule of happening was found out. In this result, offer the effective control measures. The main result of study is as follows:
1) Biology of Olethreutes leucaspis Meyrick: Olethreutes leucaspis Meyrick have 10 generations in one year in the canopy(danzhou,hainan), and generation overlap. The larva have six instars. It conceals in the leaf at all larva stage, and the old larva makes triangular leafy bract and takes pupa among them on more older leaf in nearby. The peak period of eclosion is pm2:00~pm4:00, 1~2 days before ovulation, The adult lay eggs among the compound leaf or small leaf chink that has already sprouted on the tip bud, or among the veins of the small leaf.
2) Ecology of Olethreutes leucaspis Meyrick: Five kinds of accumulation degree index were used for the matching judge of the space distribution model kept by the mentioned larva. The result showed that the space distribution coincided with that of the accumulated model in the litchi orchard, and the degree of aggregation intensity strengthen gradually with the density of larva. The index of population trend at five tempratures of Olethreutes leucaspis Meyrick from high to low is 24℃(60.80)>28℃(53.76)>32(30.24)>20℃(30.00)>16℃(26.84), it shows that the Olethreutes leucaspis Meyrick likes higher temperature, and the suitable growth temperature range is 24~30℃. The humidity has a certain influence to the growth of Olethreutes leucaspis Meyrick too, The index of population trend at five relative humiditys of
1)三角新小卷蛾生物学:三角新小卷蛾在大棚(海南儋州)条件下一年发生10代,世代重叠。幼虫有6个龄期,整个幼虫期都藏匿在卷叶中为害,老熟幼虫多在附近稍老的叶片上沿叶缘作叶苞并在其中化蛹。成虫羽化高峰期在下午2~4时,产卵前期1～2d,卵散产在已萌动梢芽上的复叶或小叶缝隙间,也有产在小叶叶脉间。
2)三角新小卷蛾生态学:通过5种拟合方法的测定分析,三角新小卷蛾幼虫在荔枝园遵从聚集型分布,且随着虫口密度的提高聚集强度逐渐增强。三角新小卷蛾各虫态历期随着温度的升高而缩短,在5个温度处理下三角新小卷蛾的种群趋势指数从高到低为:60.80(24℃)>53.76 (28℃)>30.24 (32℃) >30.00 (20℃) >26.84 (16℃),表明三角新小卷蛾喜高温,适宜的生长发育温度范围在24~30℃之间。湿度对三角新小卷蛾的生长发育也有一定影响,在5个不同相对湿度处理下三角新小卷蛾种群趋势指数从高到低顺序为:63.34(75%)>53.09 (85%)>41.74 (95%) >33.17 (65%) >23.87 (55%),试验表明三角新小卷蛾更偏好高湿,适宜其生长的湿度范围为75%～90%。食物影响因子试验表明荔枝、龙眼是三角新小卷蛾的适宜寄主,5种植物对三角新小卷蛾种群趋势指数的影响从高到低为:60.80(荔枝)>53.76 (龙眼)>49.00 (柑桔) >36.10 (莲雾) >30.60 (芒果)。试验中取食莲雾和柑桔的三角新小卷蛾各虫态发育相当良好,但是在果园实际调查中还未发现三角新小卷蛾对这2种植物的为害。
3)防治研究结果:室内毒力测定结果显示功夫菊酯的LC50为0.6786mg/Kg,毒力最强,其次是阿维菌素,LC50为1.4096mg/Kg。田间药效试验表明,功夫、乐
Olethreutes leucaspis Meyrick falls under the class of Olethreutinae of Lepidoptera. The insect happen at regions producing litchi and longan in China, and it does harm to tender leaf and young shoot with larva mainly influencing photosynthesis and tendency normal to grow. It is serious especially in the period of treetip in summer and autumn, because it can influence bearing base shoots forming of next year directly. Now, the quantity of Olethreutes leucaspis Meyrick become more than 85% of all the leaf rollers which are harmful to litchi and longan, It have already become the advantage population of leaf rollers which has endangered litchies , longan. In this paper, the biology and ecology of Olethreutes leucaspis Meyrick were studied more comprehensively. The habits of its life were observed and the regular rule of happening was found out. In this result, offer the effective control measures. The main result of study is as follows:
1) Biology of Olethreutes leucaspis Meyrick: Olethreutes leucaspis Meyrick have 10 generations in one year in the canopy(danzhou,hainan), and generation overlap. The larva have six instars. It conceals in the leaf at all larva stage, and the old larva makes triangular leafy bract and takes pupa among them on more older leaf in nearby. The peak period of eclosion is pm2:00~pm4:00, 1~2 days before ovulation, The adult lay eggs among the compound leaf or small leaf chink that has already sprouted on the tip bud, or among the veins of the small leaf.
2) Ecology of Olethreutes leucaspis Meyrick: Five kinds of accumulation degree index were used for the matching judge of the space distribution model kept by the mentioned larva. The result showed that the space distribution coincided with that of the accumulated model in the litchi orchard, and the degree of aggregation intensity strengthen gradually with the density of larva. The index of population trend at five tempratures of Olethreutes leucaspis Meyrick from high to low is 24℃(60.80)>28℃(53.76)>32(30.24)>20℃(30.00)>16℃(26.84), it shows that the Olethreutes leucaspis Meyrick likes higher temperature, and the suitable growth temperature range is 24~30℃. The humidity has a certain influence to the growth of Olethreutes leucaspis Meyrick too, The index of population trend at five relative humiditys of
引文
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[2] 陈夜江,罗宏伟,黄建等.湿度对烟粉虱实验种群的影响.华东昆虫学报,2001,10(2):76~80
[3] 陈永兵,张纯胄,胡丽秋.寄主植物对甜菜夜蛾生长发育的影响.昆虫知识,1999,36(6):32~334
[4] 陈元洪,胡奇勇,黄玉清等.龙眼卷叶蛾类及三种卷蛾的初步研究.福建果树,1997, 4 (102):19~22
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