基于GPRS的水情自动测报系统
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摘要
水情自动测报系统是采用现代科技对江河流域的水文信息进行遥测、传输和处理的集成水文自动化系统，它综合水文、通信和计算机等多学科某些新近成果，用于解决相关的水情测报问题，它的出现已大大地改变了过去只靠人工测报水情资料的落后状态，极大地提高了测报速度，提高了预报精度，也扩大了测报范围和内容。动态实时地监测水位、流量等水文数据，对防汛起到了重要作用。
本文详细介绍了水情自动测报技术的基本原理和实现方法，主要包括GPRS无线通讯技术的基本知识和水情信息采集系统的整体构成。在借鉴和吸收国内外水情测报技术的基础上，设计了基于GPRS无线传输的水情自动测报系统的硬件系统和软件系统。
论文详述了水情测报系统的具体实现。水情采集单元的系统组成、电源系统的设计、利用时钟芯片和数据存储芯片实现历史水情数据的存储以及水情数据传输过程中GPRS技术的应用是本文设计的重点。
整个系统以实用、稳定、可靠为最终设计目标，在保证实现基本功能的基础上，尽量优化硬件设计和软件设计。本系统充分利用了GPRS无线通讯技术作为水情信息传输方式的优势。
在系统设计中，高度重视系统的稳定性：在硬件电路设计时采用看门狗电路保证系统的正常运行，对于电路中的相关干扰也采取了相应措施，在软件方面，采用数字滤波来提高系统的精度。
The automatic monitor and forecast of flood regimen system is the automatic system which adopt modem technique of real-time collection, transmission and analysis of hydrologic information, it integrate hydrologic information、telecommunication、computer and the freshly progeny of many other subject for resolving correlative problem about the monitor and forecast of flood regimen, its appearance changes the draggled state measuring the flood regimen data merely by manpower in the foretime, maximum improve the monitor and forecast speed, improve the forecast precision, and enlarge the forecasting area and content. dynamically real-time inspecting water level\flux and other flood regimen data is very important to flood prevention.
The text particularly introduce the frndamental and implement method about the automatic monitor and forecast of flood regimen technique, mostly include the basic knowledge of the GPRS wireless communication technique and the main framework of flood regimen information collection system. On basis of absorbing and referring to the domestic and foreign advanced monitor and forecast of flood regimen technique, the hardware and software of the automatic monitor and forecast of flood regimen system which is based on GPRS wireless communication is designed.
In the article, the specifications of this system are explained in detail, they are the most important of this part which are the system components of the flood regimen collection unit. the design of the system power, the realization of using the clock store chip and data store chip to store tiistorical flood regimen data, and the specific application of GPRS wireless communication for transmitting flood regimen data.
Function, stability and reliability are final goals of the design of the instrument, on the premise of realizing the basic function, the instrument tries to optimize the design of hardware and software, comparing GPRS wireless communication with other communication modes, its huge advantages for the flood regimen information transmission are proposed specially.
During the design of the instrument, the stability of the system is payed high attention to. the reset circuit is used in order that the instrument can work correctly, some corresponding measures are employed to avoid some disturbance in circuit. In the design of software, figure filtering is applied to improve the accuracy.
本文详细介绍了水情自动测报技术的基本原理和实现方法，主要包括GPRS无线通讯技术的基本知识和水情信息采集系统的整体构成。在借鉴和吸收国内外水情测报技术的基础上，设计了基于GPRS无线传输的水情自动测报系统的硬件系统和软件系统。
论文详述了水情测报系统的具体实现。水情采集单元的系统组成、电源系统的设计、利用时钟芯片和数据存储芯片实现历史水情数据的存储以及水情数据传输过程中GPRS技术的应用是本文设计的重点。
整个系统以实用、稳定、可靠为最终设计目标，在保证实现基本功能的基础上，尽量优化硬件设计和软件设计。本系统充分利用了GPRS无线通讯技术作为水情信息传输方式的优势。
在系统设计中，高度重视系统的稳定性：在硬件电路设计时采用看门狗电路保证系统的正常运行，对于电路中的相关干扰也采取了相应措施，在软件方面，采用数字滤波来提高系统的精度。
The automatic monitor and forecast of flood regimen system is the automatic system which adopt modem technique of real-time collection, transmission and analysis of hydrologic information, it integrate hydrologic information、telecommunication、computer and the freshly progeny of many other subject for resolving correlative problem about the monitor and forecast of flood regimen, its appearance changes the draggled state measuring the flood regimen data merely by manpower in the foretime, maximum improve the monitor and forecast speed, improve the forecast precision, and enlarge the forecasting area and content. dynamically real-time inspecting water level\flux and other flood regimen data is very important to flood prevention.
The text particularly introduce the frndamental and implement method about the automatic monitor and forecast of flood regimen technique, mostly include the basic knowledge of the GPRS wireless communication technique and the main framework of flood regimen information collection system. On basis of absorbing and referring to the domestic and foreign advanced monitor and forecast of flood regimen technique, the hardware and software of the automatic monitor and forecast of flood regimen system which is based on GPRS wireless communication is designed.
In the article, the specifications of this system are explained in detail, they are the most important of this part which are the system components of the flood regimen collection unit. the design of the system power, the realization of using the clock store chip and data store chip to store tiistorical flood regimen data, and the specific application of GPRS wireless communication for transmitting flood regimen data.
Function, stability and reliability are final goals of the design of the instrument, on the premise of realizing the basic function, the instrument tries to optimize the design of hardware and software, comparing GPRS wireless communication with other communication modes, its huge advantages for the flood regimen information transmission are proposed specially.
During the design of the instrument, the stability of the system is payed high attention to. the reset circuit is used in order that the instrument can work correctly, some corresponding measures are employed to avoid some disturbance in circuit. In the design of software, figure filtering is applied to improve the accuracy.
引文
[1] 王艳辉，吴峰华．基于GPRS业务的远程移动监控系统．仪表技术与传感器，2006(7)
[2] 向红军，雷彬．基于单片机系统的数字滤波方法的研究．电测与仪表，2005(9)
[3] DSl302时钟芯片在水文数据采集系统中的应用．水利水文自动化，2001(4)
[4] 邵思飞，宋永东．24LC256在51单片机系统中的应用．延安大学学报，2004(6)
[5] 杨雷等．基于P89C669的GPRS自动雨量站，微计算机信息，2005(21)
[6] 杨帮文．新编传感器实用宝典．北京：机械工业出版社，2005。
[7] 徐科军．传感器与检测技术．北京：电子工业出版社，2004。
[8] 韩斌杰．GPRS原理及其网络优化．北京：机械工业出版社，2003。
[9] 王幸之，钟爱琴．AT89系列单片机原理与接口技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2004。
[10] 谭浩强．C程序设计．北京：清华大学出版社。2002。
[11] 戴美泰．GSM移动通信网络优化．北京：人民邮电出版社．2003。
[12] 马忠梅．单片机C语言Windows环境编程宝典．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2003
[13] 马明建，周长城．数据采集与处理技术．西安：西安交通大学出版社，1998
[14] 微计算机及外部设备常用芯片手册编辑委员会．微计算机及外部设备常用芯片手册．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[15] 张培仁．基于C语言编程的MCS-51单片机原理及应用．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[16] 赵亮．单片机C语言编程与实例．北京：人民邮电出版社，2003
[17] R．J．Baes．通用分组无线业务(GPRS)技术与应用．北京：人民邮电出版社，2004
[18] 沙占友．单片机外围电路设计．北京：电子工业出版社，2003
[19] Richard Stewens．TCP/P详解．北京：机械工业出版社，2000
[20] 韩广兴．电子元器件与实用电路基础．北京：电子工业出版社，2005
[2l] 张福学．现代实用传感器电路．北京：中国计量出版社，1997
[22] 曲学基．稳定电源电路设计手册．北京：电子工业出版社，2003
[23] 胡汉才．单片机原理及系统设计．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[24] MAX813L, Low-Cost, UP Supervisory Circuits Data Sheet, Maxim Corporation, 1996。
[25] 高永全．全C编程．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[26] 肖忠祥．数据采集原理．西安：西北工业大学出版社，2001
[27] F.-J. Chang and Y.-Y. Hwang, A Self-organization Algorithm for Real-time Flood Forecast, Hydrological processes, 1999, Vol (13)
[28] T.TINGSANCHALI and M.R.GAUTAM, Application of Tank, NAM,ARMA and Neural Network Models to Flood Forecasting, Hydrological processes, 2000, Vol (14)
[29] Ioannis Nalbantis, Real-time Flood Forecasting with the Use of inadequate Data, Hydrological Sciences, 2000, 45 (2)
[30] Xiaoliu Yang and Claude Michel, Flood Forecasting with a Watershed Modela: New Method of Parameter Updating, Hydroligicalsciences, 2000, 45 (4)
[31] Simonovic, S.P., Sustainable development of water resources, Hydrological Sciences journal, (42), 1997
[32] E.Todini, From Real Time Flood Forecasting to Comprehensive Flood Risk Management Decision Support System, Flood and Flood Management(Editor: A.J.saul), Kluwer Academic Publisher, 1992
[33] Takasao T, Shiiba M.1992.A Flood Control Suppprot Environment Based on Cooperating Knowledge-Based Systems. Joumal of Hydroscience and Hydraulic Engieering, Vol.9, No.2
[34] Moore R.J. etal. 1991. A river flows forecasting system for region-wide application.Proceedings of the MAFF Conference of River and Coast Engineers.
[2] 向红军，雷彬．基于单片机系统的数字滤波方法的研究．电测与仪表，2005(9)
[3] DSl302时钟芯片在水文数据采集系统中的应用．水利水文自动化，2001(4)
[4] 邵思飞，宋永东．24LC256在51单片机系统中的应用．延安大学学报，2004(6)
[5] 杨雷等．基于P89C669的GPRS自动雨量站，微计算机信息，2005(21)
[6] 杨帮文．新编传感器实用宝典．北京：机械工业出版社，2005。
[7] 徐科军．传感器与检测技术．北京：电子工业出版社，2004。
[8] 韩斌杰．GPRS原理及其网络优化．北京：机械工业出版社，2003。
[9] 王幸之，钟爱琴．AT89系列单片机原理与接口技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2004。
[10] 谭浩强．C程序设计．北京：清华大学出版社。2002。
[11] 戴美泰．GSM移动通信网络优化．北京：人民邮电出版社．2003。
[12] 马忠梅．单片机C语言Windows环境编程宝典．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2003
[13] 马明建，周长城．数据采集与处理技术．西安：西安交通大学出版社，1998
[14] 微计算机及外部设备常用芯片手册编辑委员会．微计算机及外部设备常用芯片手册．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[15] 张培仁．基于C语言编程的MCS-51单片机原理及应用．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[16] 赵亮．单片机C语言编程与实例．北京：人民邮电出版社，2003
[17] R．J．Baes．通用分组无线业务(GPRS)技术与应用．北京：人民邮电出版社，2004
[18] 沙占友．单片机外围电路设计．北京：电子工业出版社，2003
[19] Richard Stewens．TCP/P详解．北京：机械工业出版社，2000
[20] 韩广兴．电子元器件与实用电路基础．北京：电子工业出版社，2005
[2l] 张福学．现代实用传感器电路．北京：中国计量出版社，1997
[22] 曲学基．稳定电源电路设计手册．北京：电子工业出版社，2003
[23] 胡汉才．单片机原理及系统设计．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[24] MAX813L, Low-Cost, UP Supervisory Circuits Data Sheet, Maxim Corporation, 1996。
[25] 高永全．全C编程．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[26] 肖忠祥．数据采集原理．西安：西北工业大学出版社，2001
[27] F.-J. Chang and Y.-Y. Hwang, A Self-organization Algorithm for Real-time Flood Forecast, Hydrological processes, 1999, Vol (13)
[28] T.TINGSANCHALI and M.R.GAUTAM, Application of Tank, NAM,ARMA and Neural Network Models to Flood Forecasting, Hydrological processes, 2000, Vol (14)
[29] Ioannis Nalbantis, Real-time Flood Forecasting with the Use of inadequate Data, Hydrological Sciences, 2000, 45 (2)
[30] Xiaoliu Yang and Claude Michel, Flood Forecasting with a Watershed Modela: New Method of Parameter Updating, Hydroligicalsciences, 2000, 45 (4)
[31] Simonovic, S.P., Sustainable development of water resources, Hydrological Sciences journal, (42), 1997
[32] E.Todini, From Real Time Flood Forecasting to Comprehensive Flood Risk Management Decision Support System, Flood and Flood Management(Editor: A.J.saul), Kluwer Academic Publisher, 1992
[33] Takasao T, Shiiba M.1992.A Flood Control Suppprot Environment Based on Cooperating Knowledge-Based Systems. Joumal of Hydroscience and Hydraulic Engieering, Vol.9, No.2
[34] Moore R.J. etal. 1991. A river flows forecasting system for region-wide application.Proceedings of the MAFF Conference of River and Coast Engineers.
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