矿井通风系统灵敏度分析及应用
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摘要
矿井通风系统是动态、大规模、非线性、有输入输出参数的复杂网络系统。影响矿井通风系统的因素很多，各影响因素的变化将引起输入参数的变化，输入参数的变化将引起输出参数的变化。当预测巷道输入参数变化时通风系统输出参数的变化趋势及变化速率，或调整巷道输入参数以使其与现场测试参数相一致，或制定通风系统调控方案以达到风量变化、均压及风机工况点改变的目的，或通风系统故障诊断，或评价通风系统的品质时，往往涉及通风系统输出参数对于巷道输入参数变化率的计算，即对系统进行灵敏度分析非常具有必要性。
本文在继承前人风量灵敏度研究成果的基础上，针对灵敏度分析在通风系统分析中应用范围不够广泛，仅用于定量分析风量与风阻间的关系等不足之处，提出了风机风压灵敏度、节点风压灵敏度、风量对输入风压灵敏度等概念，分别研究了其计算方法及实际应用方法。具体开展了以下研究：根据通风网络回路分析法数学模型推导了风量灵敏度矩阵S~Q_R的解析计算式。将灵敏度与最小生成树理论结合，提出了监测监控系统风速测点优化布置的方法。根据巷道影响度指标，提出了重点安全检查巷道优化选择的方法。针对目前尚缺乏评价通风系统风量调节难易程度的指标，分析了需风分支可调性的影响因素，基于矩阵S~Q_R提出了需风分支可调性及通风系统可调性的定量定义。
从矿井通风系统降阻需求出发，提出了风机风压灵敏度及其矩阵S~H~ f_R的定义，推导了矩阵S~H~ f_R的解析计算式。研究了将矩阵S~H~ f_R应用于预测风机风压随巷道风阻变化化趋势及降阻分支优选的方法。
从均压防灭火的需求出发，提出了节点风压灵敏度及其矩阵S~Q_R的定义。根据通风网络节点分析法数学模型推导了矩阵S~Q_R的解析计算式。研究了将矩阵S~Q_R应用于预测节点风压随巷道风阻变化的变化趋势、均压防灭火中合理选择调压设施位置及估算风阻调节量的方法。
为研究井下热源、空调系统、火风压、辅助通风机等对通风系统的影响，本文提出了输入风压、风量对输入风压灵敏度及其矩阵S~Q_H_(in)的定义，推导了矩阵S~Q_H_(in)的解析计算式。研究了根据矩阵S~Q_H_(in)预测在某分支中输入风压各巷道风量变化规律及单需风分支时风量调节分支优选及估算调压量的方法。提出了分支与风量调节需求符合程度的概念，将灵敏度与回路法及通路法结合解决了优选风量调节分支集合及计算调压量的问题。提出了矿井火灾时期风流逆转临界火风压及临界温度的估算方法。
基于MATLAB、C#开发了具有网络解算、灵敏度分析、需风量计算、风量调节计算等功能的集成化软件。
A mine ventilation system is a dynamic, large scale, nonlinear system composed ofcomplex networks with multi-parameter input and output. There are many factors influencingit. Changes of every element will change input parameter. If input parameter was changed, theoutput parameter will also be changed.
It is very important to analyze sensitivities of the system. When there are needs forpredicting the changing trend and changing rate of output parameters with changed roadwayinput parameters; or adjusting roadway input parameters to fit tested results at the field; orchanging airflow distribution, or adjusting operation conditions of the fan; or performing faultdiagnosis of the system, or assessing the quality of mine ventilation, the need for calculationof output parameter changing rate under various input conditions will be raised.
This paper is based on the achievement of studies on air quantity sensitivity. Because thesensitivity analyzing was only used to analyze the relationship of air quantity and resistance,thus the usage of the theory to ventilation system analysis has been limited so far. This paperintroduces the concept, calculation method and relevant application of fan pressure sensitivity,node pressure sensitivity, sensitivity of“imposed pressure”, and researches on the followingaspects have been launched.
First, based on the mathematical model of loop analysis method of ventilation network,the analytic formula of air quantity sensitivity matrix S~Q_Ris derived. A mathematical modelof monitor allocation optimization is proposed by coupling ventilation sensitivities andminimum spanning tree theory. Key roadways in safety management of the mine can beidentified through proper application of matrix S~Q_R. A quantitative definition of ventilationadjustability of branches as well as the adjustability of ventilation system is proposed based on matrix S~Q_R
Second, based on the need of reducing the resistance of the ventilation system, thedefinition of fan pressure sensitivity and the matrix S~H~ f_R of that is proposed, the analyticformula of fan pressure sensitivity matrix S~H~ f_R is derived, and applied matrix S~H~ f_R inpredicting changing tend of fan pressure with changed roadway resistance or choose optimumbranch to reduce resistance.
Third, from the requirement of pressure balance for fire extinguishing, the definition ofnode pressure sensitivity and the matrix S~Q_R of that is proposed, based on the mathematicalmodel of node analysis method of ventilation network, the analytic formula of node pressuresensitivity matrix S~Q_Ris derived. Applied matrix S~Q_R to predicting changing tend of nodepressure, chose the position of pressure balance facilities reasonably in pressure balancing fireprevention and extinguishment, and estimated variation of resistance.
Forth, In order to study the effects of heat source in mine, air conditioning system, firewind pressure, auxiliary fan to ventilation system, the definition of“imposed pressure”andsensitivity of“imposed pressure”and the matrix S~Q_H_(in) of that is proposed, the analyticformula of matrix S~Q_H_(in)is derived. Applied matrix S~Q_H_(in)to predicting changing law ofairflow distribution with imposed wind pressure to one roadway, also studied the method ofchoose optimum branch to changing airflow distrubution and estimated variation of pressurewhile singular required air branch. The concept of fit degree of the branch and requirement ofair adjusting was proposed. The problem of choose optimum branchs set and calculate thevalue of adjusting pressure was solved by coupling the sensitivities and loop method or pathmethod. The calculating method of critical fire wind pressure and critical temperature to leadairflow reversal during mine fire is proposed.
Fifth, based on MATLAB, C#, this paper developed integrated software with thefunction of mine ventilation network solution, sensitivity analysis, and requiredwind calculation, calculate air regulation etc.
本文在继承前人风量灵敏度研究成果的基础上，针对灵敏度分析在通风系统分析中应用范围不够广泛，仅用于定量分析风量与风阻间的关系等不足之处，提出了风机风压灵敏度、节点风压灵敏度、风量对输入风压灵敏度等概念，分别研究了其计算方法及实际应用方法。具体开展了以下研究：根据通风网络回路分析法数学模型推导了风量灵敏度矩阵S~Q_R的解析计算式。将灵敏度与最小生成树理论结合，提出了监测监控系统风速测点优化布置的方法。根据巷道影响度指标，提出了重点安全检查巷道优化选择的方法。针对目前尚缺乏评价通风系统风量调节难易程度的指标，分析了需风分支可调性的影响因素，基于矩阵S~Q_R提出了需风分支可调性及通风系统可调性的定量定义。
从矿井通风系统降阻需求出发，提出了风机风压灵敏度及其矩阵S~H~ f_R的定义，推导了矩阵S~H~ f_R的解析计算式。研究了将矩阵S~H~ f_R应用于预测风机风压随巷道风阻变化化趋势及降阻分支优选的方法。
从均压防灭火的需求出发，提出了节点风压灵敏度及其矩阵S~Q_R的定义。根据通风网络节点分析法数学模型推导了矩阵S~Q_R的解析计算式。研究了将矩阵S~Q_R应用于预测节点风压随巷道风阻变化的变化趋势、均压防灭火中合理选择调压设施位置及估算风阻调节量的方法。
为研究井下热源、空调系统、火风压、辅助通风机等对通风系统的影响，本文提出了输入风压、风量对输入风压灵敏度及其矩阵S~Q_H_(in)的定义，推导了矩阵S~Q_H_(in)的解析计算式。研究了根据矩阵S~Q_H_(in)预测在某分支中输入风压各巷道风量变化规律及单需风分支时风量调节分支优选及估算调压量的方法。提出了分支与风量调节需求符合程度的概念，将灵敏度与回路法及通路法结合解决了优选风量调节分支集合及计算调压量的问题。提出了矿井火灾时期风流逆转临界火风压及临界温度的估算方法。
基于MATLAB、C#开发了具有网络解算、灵敏度分析、需风量计算、风量调节计算等功能的集成化软件。
A mine ventilation system is a dynamic, large scale, nonlinear system composed ofcomplex networks with multi-parameter input and output. There are many factors influencingit. Changes of every element will change input parameter. If input parameter was changed, theoutput parameter will also be changed.
It is very important to analyze sensitivities of the system. When there are needs forpredicting the changing trend and changing rate of output parameters with changed roadwayinput parameters; or adjusting roadway input parameters to fit tested results at the field; orchanging airflow distribution, or adjusting operation conditions of the fan; or performing faultdiagnosis of the system, or assessing the quality of mine ventilation, the need for calculationof output parameter changing rate under various input conditions will be raised.
This paper is based on the achievement of studies on air quantity sensitivity. Because thesensitivity analyzing was only used to analyze the relationship of air quantity and resistance,thus the usage of the theory to ventilation system analysis has been limited so far. This paperintroduces the concept, calculation method and relevant application of fan pressure sensitivity,node pressure sensitivity, sensitivity of“imposed pressure”, and researches on the followingaspects have been launched.
First, based on the mathematical model of loop analysis method of ventilation network,the analytic formula of air quantity sensitivity matrix S~Q_Ris derived. A mathematical modelof monitor allocation optimization is proposed by coupling ventilation sensitivities andminimum spanning tree theory. Key roadways in safety management of the mine can beidentified through proper application of matrix S~Q_R. A quantitative definition of ventilationadjustability of branches as well as the adjustability of ventilation system is proposed based on matrix S~Q_R
Second, based on the need of reducing the resistance of the ventilation system, thedefinition of fan pressure sensitivity and the matrix S~H~ f_R of that is proposed, the analyticformula of fan pressure sensitivity matrix S~H~ f_R is derived, and applied matrix S~H~ f_R inpredicting changing tend of fan pressure with changed roadway resistance or choose optimumbranch to reduce resistance.
Third, from the requirement of pressure balance for fire extinguishing, the definition ofnode pressure sensitivity and the matrix S~Q_R of that is proposed, based on the mathematicalmodel of node analysis method of ventilation network, the analytic formula of node pressuresensitivity matrix S~Q_Ris derived. Applied matrix S~Q_R to predicting changing tend of nodepressure, chose the position of pressure balance facilities reasonably in pressure balancing fireprevention and extinguishment, and estimated variation of resistance.
Forth, In order to study the effects of heat source in mine, air conditioning system, firewind pressure, auxiliary fan to ventilation system, the definition of“imposed pressure”andsensitivity of“imposed pressure”and the matrix S~Q_H_(in) of that is proposed, the analyticformula of matrix S~Q_H_(in)is derived. Applied matrix S~Q_H_(in)to predicting changing law ofairflow distribution with imposed wind pressure to one roadway, also studied the method ofchoose optimum branch to changing airflow distrubution and estimated variation of pressurewhile singular required air branch. The concept of fit degree of the branch and requirement ofair adjusting was proposed. The problem of choose optimum branchs set and calculate thevalue of adjusting pressure was solved by coupling the sensitivities and loop method or pathmethod. The calculating method of critical fire wind pressure and critical temperature to leadairflow reversal during mine fire is proposed.
Fifth, based on MATLAB, C#, this paper developed integrated software with thefunction of mine ventilation network solution, sensitivity analysis, and requiredwind calculation, calculate air regulation etc.
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