微网系统控制及能量管理策略研究
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摘要
随着能源紧缺、环境污染、电力需求持续增长等问题的日益加剧,微网成为加强可再生能源利用和解决电网集中供电方式潜在问题的有效手段。将清洁、安全的光伏发电单元大量应用于微网具有重要的作用及意义,本文针对光伏发电与蓄电池储能相结合的微网系统展开研究,以实现利用清洁能源、缓解电网供电压力、提高负荷供电可靠性的目的。
结合微网系统的结构及综合控制目标,设计了并网模式下光伏发电单元的控制策略,采用加入阴影判断环节的扰动观察法,实现光伏阵列正常光照及部分遮挡时的最大功率点跟踪。离网模式下常规的光伏阵列控制技术和蓄电池充放电方法已无法满足系统稳定运行要求,因此设计了适用于离网运行的光伏发电和蓄电池储能的控制策略,并采用具有中心控制器、底层接口逆变器主从控制与对等控制相结合的整体控制策略实现微网系统中接口逆变器的并联运行。
在实现微网系统稳态运行的基础上,针对光伏发电单元与负荷之间的多种能量供需状态,提出了新颖的能量管理策略,调节蓄电池充放电电流,适当限制充放电次数并监控充放电状态,同时进行光伏发电单元直流母线电压微调节,维持光照或负荷变化时微网系统离网运行的能量供需平衡。针对并网离网模式切换时接口逆变器控制方式的变化,研究了模式切换的判断条件及切换过程的控制策略以实现两种模式之间的平滑过渡。
在MATLAB/Simulink环境下建立了微网系统的仿真模型,对光伏阵列最大功率点跟踪、蓄电池充放电、接口逆变器Droop控制、微网系统并网、离网以及模式切换进行了仿真分析,仿真结果验证了控制及能量管理策略的正确性和有效性。搭建了实验平台,完成了光伏发电单元并网、离网运行模式的实验研究。
As the problems of energy shortage, environmental pollution and power demand growing become increasingly serious, microgrid is the effective means to use renewable energy and solve potential problems of centralized power supply. It has important role and significance to apply clean and safe PV power generation units in the microgrid. Consequently, this paper has researched on microgrid combined with PV power generation units and battery energy storage unit, for the purpose of using clean energy, relieving pressure of power supply and improving power supply reliability.
According to the microgrid structure and integrated control target, control strategies of PV power generation units during grid-connected mode were designed. By adding shadow judgement algorithm into perturbation and observation method, the maximum power point tracking for PV array under normal sunlight and partially shaded condition has been achieved. Since conventional control technology for PV array and charging or discharging methods for storage battery fail to meet stable operation requirements during island mode, suitable control strategies for PV array and battery have been designed. Moreover, overall control strategies with a center controller, combined with master-slave control and peer control were adopted to achieve parallel operation for interface inverters in the microgrid.
Based on steady-state operation, novel energy management strategies were put forward, according to several energy supply and demand situations between PV power generation units and loads. Battery charging or discharging current was adjusted. Meanwhile, the cycling times of battery charging and discharging were limited properly and battery state was monitored. In addition, dc bus voltage of PV power generation unit was fine-tuned. As a result, energy balance with sunlight or loads changing during island mode was maintained. Since control strategies of interface inverters changed between grid-connected mode and island mode, the judgement conditions and control strategies for mode changing were researched in details to realize smooth transition between two modes.
In MATLAB/Simulink environment, the simulation model of microgrid was established, and simulation analysises were accomplished on the maximum power point tracking for PV array, battery charging and discharging, Droop control of interface inverters, energy management of grid-connected mode, island mode and transition between two modes. The simulation results verified that the control and energy management strategies were correct and effective. Then the experimental platform has been built, and experiments of PV power generation units during grid-connected mode and island mode have been completed.
结合微网系统的结构及综合控制目标,设计了并网模式下光伏发电单元的控制策略,采用加入阴影判断环节的扰动观察法,实现光伏阵列正常光照及部分遮挡时的最大功率点跟踪。离网模式下常规的光伏阵列控制技术和蓄电池充放电方法已无法满足系统稳定运行要求,因此设计了适用于离网运行的光伏发电和蓄电池储能的控制策略,并采用具有中心控制器、底层接口逆变器主从控制与对等控制相结合的整体控制策略实现微网系统中接口逆变器的并联运行。
在实现微网系统稳态运行的基础上,针对光伏发电单元与负荷之间的多种能量供需状态,提出了新颖的能量管理策略,调节蓄电池充放电电流,适当限制充放电次数并监控充放电状态,同时进行光伏发电单元直流母线电压微调节,维持光照或负荷变化时微网系统离网运行的能量供需平衡。针对并网离网模式切换时接口逆变器控制方式的变化,研究了模式切换的判断条件及切换过程的控制策略以实现两种模式之间的平滑过渡。
在MATLAB/Simulink环境下建立了微网系统的仿真模型,对光伏阵列最大功率点跟踪、蓄电池充放电、接口逆变器Droop控制、微网系统并网、离网以及模式切换进行了仿真分析,仿真结果验证了控制及能量管理策略的正确性和有效性。搭建了实验平台,完成了光伏发电单元并网、离网运行模式的实验研究。
As the problems of energy shortage, environmental pollution and power demand growing become increasingly serious, microgrid is the effective means to use renewable energy and solve potential problems of centralized power supply. It has important role and significance to apply clean and safe PV power generation units in the microgrid. Consequently, this paper has researched on microgrid combined with PV power generation units and battery energy storage unit, for the purpose of using clean energy, relieving pressure of power supply and improving power supply reliability.
According to the microgrid structure and integrated control target, control strategies of PV power generation units during grid-connected mode were designed. By adding shadow judgement algorithm into perturbation and observation method, the maximum power point tracking for PV array under normal sunlight and partially shaded condition has been achieved. Since conventional control technology for PV array and charging or discharging methods for storage battery fail to meet stable operation requirements during island mode, suitable control strategies for PV array and battery have been designed. Moreover, overall control strategies with a center controller, combined with master-slave control and peer control were adopted to achieve parallel operation for interface inverters in the microgrid.
Based on steady-state operation, novel energy management strategies were put forward, according to several energy supply and demand situations between PV power generation units and loads. Battery charging or discharging current was adjusted. Meanwhile, the cycling times of battery charging and discharging were limited properly and battery state was monitored. In addition, dc bus voltage of PV power generation unit was fine-tuned. As a result, energy balance with sunlight or loads changing during island mode was maintained. Since control strategies of interface inverters changed between grid-connected mode and island mode, the judgement conditions and control strategies for mode changing were researched in details to realize smooth transition between two modes.
In MATLAB/Simulink environment, the simulation model of microgrid was established, and simulation analysises were accomplished on the maximum power point tracking for PV array, battery charging and discharging, Droop control of interface inverters, energy management of grid-connected mode, island mode and transition between two modes. The simulation results verified that the control and energy management strategies were correct and effective. Then the experimental platform has been built, and experiments of PV power generation units during grid-connected mode and island mode have been completed.
引文
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