高速线材拉拔性能的研究
摘要
各种拉拔丝材，被广泛的应用于国民经济的各个领域。作为拉拔用的原材料之一的线材，其拉拔性能是提高拉拔质量、节约成本的关键因素之一。
高线低碳钢在拉拔过程中，容易产生润滑粉吸附不好，影响线材的拉拔性能。针对这种现象，本文介绍了如何提高低碳高速线材在拉拔时的拉拔性能。线材拉拔过程中润滑粉的吸附量，主要决定于两个方面，一是线材的表面结构，二是润滑剂本身的吸附能力。
本文重点介绍了高速线材表面结构的控制和润滑剂的调整。低碳钢线材表面氧化层结构是通过高线的控制冷却工艺确定的，因此，本文重点研究了低碳钢高速线材的控制冷却工艺，高线低碳拉拔用盘条吐丝温度控制935℃左右时，盘条表面氧化铁皮结构中，FeO的厚度较高，润滑粉的吸附好，拉拔性能好。高线低碳拉拔用盘条采用缓慢冷却，其表面吸附性能较好，有利于提高拉丝钢的拉拔性能；同时，研究现有的润滑剂配方，得出：在润滑剂中，油性添加剂加入量在30％左右，更有利于拉拔过程的润滑，线材表面吸较为均匀。在润滑剂中，加入适量的固体添加剂，会加大润滑剂的吸附效果，本文认为添加2％的聚乙烯固体添加剂，比较经济，即提高了拉拔性能又不增加拉拔成本。
通过高速线材拉拔性能的研究，就影响低碳钢高速线材拉拔过程中润滑粉吸附的因素——高线控冷工艺和润滑剂配比提出了见解。
Kinds of drawing wire-steel are widely used in each field of the national economy. Wire rod used as drawing raw material is one of the pivotal factors to improve drawing quality and lower product cost.
During the process of drawing, high-speed wire steel with low carbon has such an inclination of poor absorption of lubricant, which affects drawing performance of wire. This paper will deal with the way to improve the drawing performance of wire when drawn. Usually, the absorption amount mainly depends on two aspects: the wire's surface structure and its absorption ability.
This paper mainly deals with the control of high-speed wire's facial structure and adjustment of lubricant. The thesis also studies the controlled cooling techniques of high-speed wire steel with low carbon : When the high-speed wire steel with low carbon drawing wire's temperature is controlled at about 935℃, the wire's surface thickness of FeO is rather high in its surface oxide-layer and the absorption ability of lubricant is good and therefore the performance of drawing is good. If the high-speed drawing wire with low carbon is slowly cooled down, its absorption performance is good to improve the drawing ability; meanwhile the author studies the existing directions and finds that Adding oil addictive to the amount of about30% will do well in lubrication during drawing and makes the absorption ability of wire's surface more homogeneous. Meanwhile the proper amount of solid additive in lubricant will improve the absorption effect. The author thinks that 2% polyethylene solid addictive is an economical choi
ce for it improves the ability of drawing without increasing the cost.
According to the research of drawing function of high-speed wire steel, the author put forward opinions on the lubricant direction and the controlled cooling craft of high-speed wire, which influence the absorption of lubricant during drawing.
高线低碳钢在拉拔过程中，容易产生润滑粉吸附不好，影响线材的拉拔性能。针对这种现象，本文介绍了如何提高低碳高速线材在拉拔时的拉拔性能。线材拉拔过程中润滑粉的吸附量，主要决定于两个方面，一是线材的表面结构，二是润滑剂本身的吸附能力。
本文重点介绍了高速线材表面结构的控制和润滑剂的调整。低碳钢线材表面氧化层结构是通过高线的控制冷却工艺确定的，因此，本文重点研究了低碳钢高速线材的控制冷却工艺，高线低碳拉拔用盘条吐丝温度控制935℃左右时，盘条表面氧化铁皮结构中，FeO的厚度较高，润滑粉的吸附好，拉拔性能好。高线低碳拉拔用盘条采用缓慢冷却，其表面吸附性能较好，有利于提高拉丝钢的拉拔性能；同时，研究现有的润滑剂配方，得出：在润滑剂中，油性添加剂加入量在30％左右，更有利于拉拔过程的润滑，线材表面吸较为均匀。在润滑剂中，加入适量的固体添加剂，会加大润滑剂的吸附效果，本文认为添加2％的聚乙烯固体添加剂，比较经济，即提高了拉拔性能又不增加拉拔成本。
通过高速线材拉拔性能的研究，就影响低碳钢高速线材拉拔过程中润滑粉吸附的因素——高线控冷工艺和润滑剂配比提出了见解。
Kinds of drawing wire-steel are widely used in each field of the national economy. Wire rod used as drawing raw material is one of the pivotal factors to improve drawing quality and lower product cost.
During the process of drawing, high-speed wire steel with low carbon has such an inclination of poor absorption of lubricant, which affects drawing performance of wire. This paper will deal with the way to improve the drawing performance of wire when drawn. Usually, the absorption amount mainly depends on two aspects: the wire's surface structure and its absorption ability.
This paper mainly deals with the control of high-speed wire's facial structure and adjustment of lubricant. The thesis also studies the controlled cooling techniques of high-speed wire steel with low carbon : When the high-speed wire steel with low carbon drawing wire's temperature is controlled at about 935℃, the wire's surface thickness of FeO is rather high in its surface oxide-layer and the absorption ability of lubricant is good and therefore the performance of drawing is good. If the high-speed drawing wire with low carbon is slowly cooled down, its absorption performance is good to improve the drawing ability; meanwhile the author studies the existing directions and finds that Adding oil addictive to the amount of about30% will do well in lubrication during drawing and makes the absorption ability of wire's surface more homogeneous. Meanwhile the proper amount of solid additive in lubricant will improve the absorption effect. The author thinks that 2% polyethylene solid addictive is an economical choi
ce for it improves the ability of drawing without increasing the cost.
According to the research of drawing function of high-speed wire steel, the author put forward opinions on the lubricant direction and the controlled cooling craft of high-speed wire, which influence the absorption of lubricant during drawing.
引文
(1) 高速线材编写组：高速线材轧机线材生产，冶金工业出版社，1995
(2) Steel wire(Stabldrabt): Prof.Dr.Ing.Anton Pomp, The Wire Industry Itd., 1954
(3) 赵继红：国内外高速线材轧制技术发展浅析，轧钢，No．4，47，1998
(4) 彭兆丰，李越：线材生产技术的新进展，2001年中国钢铁年会论文集，216-218，2001
(5) 任吉堂，郑申白：棒线材生产新工艺分析，钢铁，No．7，73，2002
(6) 吴书麟：现代高速线材轧制技术的新进展，轧钢，No．6，41，1992
(7) 乔德庸：高速线材轧机发展的新动向，轧钢，No．1，41，1993
(8) 马怀宪：金属塑性加工学——挤压、拉拔、与管材冷轧，冶金工业出版社，1989
(9) 轻金属材料加工手册编写组：轻金属材料加工手册，冶金工业出版社，1979
(10) 王祝堂，田荣璋：铝合金及其加工手册，中南工业大学出版社，1989
(11) 谢玉松：日本钢丝生产新技术，特殊钢，No．14(1)，6-10，1993
(12) 罔武：第14回伸线技术分科会资料，1981
(13) 芦汝肃，宋小光译：钢丝的生产和性能，冶金工业出版社，1959
(14) 张超凡等：硬质合金工具，冶金工业出版社，1987
(15) 于仁伟，谢铁乔：拉丝模与润滑剂．中国轻工业出版社．1991
(16) The Manufacture of Cemented Tungsten carbide Dies, B.E.Berry, The Wire Industry, Jan. 1952
(17) A Practical Analysis of the Cause of Die Wear in the Dry Drawing of Ferrous Wires ,E.P.Riley-Gledhill,Tbe Wire Industry, April. 1954
(18) Hulka K: Stand der Entwicklung und Anwendung von IF Stahlen, Stahl und Eisen, No.9, 65-68, 1990
(19) Mgliga and T Canta: Theory and application of dieless drawing[J], Wire industry, No.5, 1999
(20) Bogdan Golis.Janw.Pilarczyk.Zbigniew Blzejowski and Eugeniusz Filipczyk: Drawing practice of steel wires with pressure dies, WIRE JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL, No.4, 54—67, 1997
(21) 宋应星著：天工开物，人民出版社，1963
(22) 冶金部劳动工资司：《钢丝生产》，No．6，1986
(23) 于仁伟，谢铁乔：拉丝模与润滑剂，中国轻工业出版社，1991
(24) 张炳南，殷祥华，冯雅观译：钢丝生产，第一分册，中西南地区金属制品情报网，1985
(25) 蒋克昌编著：钢丝拉拔技术，轻工业出版社，1982
(26) 松下富村：塑性加工，Vol 23，№254(1982-3)，213～218，1982
(27) 樱井俊男：润滑物理化学，幸书房，昭和53年12月
(28) 王永根：“极压添加剂”，《润滑与密封》，1986
(29) K.J. Irvine et al., JISI, 208(1970),Aug., 717
(30) R. Priestner, C.C. Earley JISI 206 (1968), Dec., 1252
(31) 福田実：铁钢，58(1972)13，1832
(32) 関根宽，丸山忠克：制铁研究，289(1976)，11920
(33) 李曼云，孙本荣：钢的控制轧制和控制冷却技术手册，冶金工业出版社，1990
(34) 王有铭，李曼云，韦光：钢材的控制轧制和控制冷却[M]，冶金工业出版社，37-50，1995
(35) 李泽武，成计民：线材高速轧后的控制冷却技术，重型机械，No．4，4，2002
(36) 叶茂：《金属塑性加工时的摩擦与润滑》，东北工学院轧钢教研室，10，1984
(37) 张世中：钢的过冷奥氏体转变图集[M]，冶金工业出版社，13—15，1992
(38) 李箭，孙福玉：变形奥氏体中铁素体相变[J]，钢铁，No．6，24，1998
(39) 丁华，刘雅政，张立芬：控冷工艺对ER70S-6钢相变和组织的影响，轧钢，No．1，15，2002
(40) 张务林：钢丝生产润滑技术的研究和应用，特殊钢，No．1，36，1998
(41) 余广火，李红，王鑫：热轧工艺参数与钢板表面颜色初探，轧钢，No．3，48，2002
(42) 徐亚伯：表面物理导论，杭州，浙江大学出版社，1992
(2) Steel wire(Stabldrabt): Prof.Dr.Ing.Anton Pomp, The Wire Industry Itd., 1954
(3) 赵继红：国内外高速线材轧制技术发展浅析，轧钢，No．4，47，1998
(4) 彭兆丰，李越：线材生产技术的新进展，2001年中国钢铁年会论文集，216-218，2001
(5) 任吉堂，郑申白：棒线材生产新工艺分析，钢铁，No．7，73，2002
(6) 吴书麟：现代高速线材轧制技术的新进展，轧钢，No．6，41，1992
(7) 乔德庸：高速线材轧机发展的新动向，轧钢，No．1，41，1993
(8) 马怀宪：金属塑性加工学——挤压、拉拔、与管材冷轧，冶金工业出版社，1989
(9) 轻金属材料加工手册编写组：轻金属材料加工手册，冶金工业出版社，1979
(10) 王祝堂，田荣璋：铝合金及其加工手册，中南工业大学出版社，1989
(11) 谢玉松：日本钢丝生产新技术，特殊钢，No．14(1)，6-10，1993
(12) 罔武：第14回伸线技术分科会资料，1981
(13) 芦汝肃，宋小光译：钢丝的生产和性能，冶金工业出版社，1959
(14) 张超凡等：硬质合金工具，冶金工业出版社，1987
(15) 于仁伟，谢铁乔：拉丝模与润滑剂．中国轻工业出版社．1991
(16) The Manufacture of Cemented Tungsten carbide Dies, B.E.Berry, The Wire Industry, Jan. 1952
(17) A Practical Analysis of the Cause of Die Wear in the Dry Drawing of Ferrous Wires ,E.P.Riley-Gledhill,Tbe Wire Industry, April. 1954
(18) Hulka K: Stand der Entwicklung und Anwendung von IF Stahlen, Stahl und Eisen, No.9, 65-68, 1990
(19) Mgliga and T Canta: Theory and application of dieless drawing[J], Wire industry, No.5, 1999
(20) Bogdan Golis.Janw.Pilarczyk.Zbigniew Blzejowski and Eugeniusz Filipczyk: Drawing practice of steel wires with pressure dies, WIRE JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL, No.4, 54—67, 1997
(21) 宋应星著：天工开物，人民出版社，1963
(22) 冶金部劳动工资司：《钢丝生产》，No．6，1986
(23) 于仁伟，谢铁乔：拉丝模与润滑剂，中国轻工业出版社，1991
(24) 张炳南，殷祥华，冯雅观译：钢丝生产，第一分册，中西南地区金属制品情报网，1985
(25) 蒋克昌编著：钢丝拉拔技术，轻工业出版社，1982
(26) 松下富村：塑性加工，Vol 23，№254(1982-3)，213～218，1982
(27) 樱井俊男：润滑物理化学，幸书房，昭和53年12月
(28) 王永根：“极压添加剂”，《润滑与密封》，1986
(29) K.J. Irvine et al., JISI, 208(1970),Aug., 717
(30) R. Priestner, C.C. Earley JISI 206 (1968), Dec., 1252
(31) 福田実：铁钢，58(1972)13，1832
(32) 関根宽，丸山忠克：制铁研究，289(1976)，11920
(33) 李曼云，孙本荣：钢的控制轧制和控制冷却技术手册，冶金工业出版社，1990
(34) 王有铭，李曼云，韦光：钢材的控制轧制和控制冷却[M]，冶金工业出版社，37-50，1995
(35) 李泽武，成计民：线材高速轧后的控制冷却技术，重型机械，No．4，4，2002
(36) 叶茂：《金属塑性加工时的摩擦与润滑》，东北工学院轧钢教研室，10，1984
(37) 张世中：钢的过冷奥氏体转变图集[M]，冶金工业出版社，13—15，1992
(38) 李箭，孙福玉：变形奥氏体中铁素体相变[J]，钢铁，No．6，24，1998
(39) 丁华，刘雅政，张立芬：控冷工艺对ER70S-6钢相变和组织的影响，轧钢，No．1，15，2002
(40) 张务林：钢丝生产润滑技术的研究和应用，特殊钢，No．1，36，1998
(41) 余广火，李红，王鑫：热轧工艺参数与钢板表面颜色初探，轧钢，No．3，48，2002
(42) 徐亚伯：表面物理导论，杭州，浙江大学出版社，1992