HRB400E抗震钢筋研制与开发
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摘要
建筑结构的快速发展对建筑用钢材提出了越来越高的要求。特别是在汶川地震后,高强度、高性能抗震钢筋的生产开发成为国内外的研究热点。根据地震时高应变低周疲劳的受力特点,抗震钢筋要求在具有同级别普通钢筋的强度水平外,还需要满足对实测抗拉强度与实测屈服强度特征值之比≥1.25,实测屈服强度与屈服强度特征值之比≤1.30,钢筋的总伸长率不小于9%的条件。
细晶强化是通过细化晶粒而使金属材料力学性能提高的方法。根据Hall-Petch公式,晶粒细化是目前唯一可以做到既提高强度,又改善塑性和韧性的方法。在钢筋的生产中,普遍采用微合金化和控制轧制的方式来实现晶粒的细化,以获得良好的综合性能,因此,本文研制的HRB400E抗震钢筋将在生产HRB400高强度钢筋的基础上利用钒氮微合金化技术调整钢的化学成分,并通过控制精轧温度与轧后水冷+空冷的冷却方式得到室温细小的铁素体+珠光体组织。
本论文在转炉冶炼过程中进行钒氮微合金化,随后按照钢坯加热-粗轧-中轧-精轧-冷却的方式控制轧制。为防止出现轧制纤维组织和得到具有大量变形带的奥氏体未再结晶晶粒,从而相变以后能得到细小的铁素体晶粒组织,精轧最后一个道次即终轧温度控制在Ar3即910℃附近。N元素的加入可以促进V元素的析出,通过电解相测得钢筋中的析出钒比例为31.82%。一方面析出钒为奥氏体向铁素体的相变提供较多的非均匀形核位置,有利于奥氏体中先共析铁素体的析出,同时水冷+轧后空冷使钢筋再结晶大部分在珠光体和细片状珠光体转变温度区间进行,可一定程度提高钢筋中珠光体组织的比例,从而改善组织均匀性;另一方面析出钒通过在钢中奥氏体晶界的沉淀钉扎作用达到细化晶粒的目的。
通过平均截线法测得钢筋的平均晶粒度约为11级,组织均为先共析铁素体+珠光体,由于边部冷却速度较快引起珠光体形核率增加,使珠光体边部含量较心部多,且粗轧温度在890-910℃,可能造成1150℃开轧时的奥氏体成分不均,从而在空冷时产生网状先共析铁素体。
利用XRF测定了研制出的钢筋的主要化学成分为:(wt%):C=0.24,Mn=1.31,V=0.036,N=0.008,碳当量Ceq=0.47;室温拉伸试验得到钢筋母材的屈服强度为475MPa,抗拉强度632MPa,实测抗拉强度与实测屈服强度特征值之比为1.33,钢筋的实测屈服强度与屈服强度特征值之比1.19,总延伸率约26%;焊接件的平均屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为Rel=473MPa,Rm=610MPa,断裂位置在焊缝,成脆性断裂;钢筋具有良好的反弯性能以及钢筋的表面质量、尺寸精度。所有条件都符合抗震钢筋的国家标准,故通过本文的钒氮微合金化+控制轧制的方式可以成功生产出HRB400E,对工业生产具有较好的指导意义。
The quick development of build structure has a much higher requirement for build-steels. High strength and high capability aseismic reinforcement steel is becoming a hot point home and aboard, especially after Wen Chuan earthquake. According to the high strain and low periodic fatigue stress during earthquake, aseismic reinforcement steel’s strength level must be as same as the distinctive normal steel bar. Besides, the ratio of test tensile strength to yield strength shouldn’t be smaller than 1.25 and yield strength to its eigenvalue shouldn’t be bigger than 1.30, while the total elongation should be equal to 9% or even bigger.
Refined grain strength can elevate the metal material’s mechanism performances with refining the grains. Based the Hall-Petch formula, it’s the only way to get high strength and good plasticity. Nowadays, micro alloying and control rolling is adopted to obtain good colligate capabilities in producing steel bar. As a result, we use V-N micro alloying to adjust the chemistry composition based on the HRB400, and control the last pass temperature to get fine ferrite and pearlite structure.
The main content are as follows: convertor melting (V-N micro alloying)-Heat billet- Rough rolling-Mill rolling-Final rolling-Cold. For avoiding appearing the fibre structure and get mass deformed strip austenite non-recrystallization grain in order to get fine ferrite after phase transition, the final rolling temperature is controlled at about Ar3,that is 910℃nearby. The element Nitrogen can promote Vanadium to separate out. By electrolysis phase, proportion of vanadium precipitates is about 31.82%。On the one hand, vanadium precipitate provide more non-uniform nucleation sites which is propitious to separate out proeutectoid ferrite in austenite. Meanwhile, water cold and air cold after rolling makes steel bar’s recrystallization occur at the temperature range of shred ferrite and pearlite transformation. It can increase pearlite to a certain extent and improve the structure’s uniformity. On the other hand, vanadium precipitate has deposition pinning effect on the austenite grain boundary to refine grain.
Steel bar’s average grain size is about 11 levels with the average line length method. The final structure is proeutectoid ferrite+pearlite. The faster cold rate at edge makes pearlite nucleation rate increase, so pearlite content is much more than that at center. As the rough rolling temperature is 890~910℃, it may cause austenite component be uneven when initial rolling temperature is 1150℃, which result in reticulation proeutectoid ferrite during air cold.
The main chemistry composition of productive steel bar with XRF is: (wt%):C=0.24,Mn=1.31,V=0.036,N=0.008,Ceq=0.47.Through the room temperature tensile experiment, the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation ratio of master material are approximately 475MPa, 632MPa and 26% respectively. The ratio of test tensile strength to yield strength is 1.33 and yield strength to its eigenvalue is 1.19. The average yield strength (Rel) and tensile strength (Rm) of weldment are 473MPa and 610MPa respectively. Steel bar own good bending capability, surface quality and size precision. All conditions are accord with the nation standard of aseismic reinforcement. Accordingly, this paper’s produce method that is V-N micro alloying + control rolling can obtain HRB400E successfully. It has some guiding significance for industry manufacture.
细晶强化是通过细化晶粒而使金属材料力学性能提高的方法。根据Hall-Petch公式,晶粒细化是目前唯一可以做到既提高强度,又改善塑性和韧性的方法。在钢筋的生产中,普遍采用微合金化和控制轧制的方式来实现晶粒的细化,以获得良好的综合性能,因此,本文研制的HRB400E抗震钢筋将在生产HRB400高强度钢筋的基础上利用钒氮微合金化技术调整钢的化学成分,并通过控制精轧温度与轧后水冷+空冷的冷却方式得到室温细小的铁素体+珠光体组织。
本论文在转炉冶炼过程中进行钒氮微合金化,随后按照钢坯加热-粗轧-中轧-精轧-冷却的方式控制轧制。为防止出现轧制纤维组织和得到具有大量变形带的奥氏体未再结晶晶粒,从而相变以后能得到细小的铁素体晶粒组织,精轧最后一个道次即终轧温度控制在Ar3即910℃附近。N元素的加入可以促进V元素的析出,通过电解相测得钢筋中的析出钒比例为31.82%。一方面析出钒为奥氏体向铁素体的相变提供较多的非均匀形核位置,有利于奥氏体中先共析铁素体的析出,同时水冷+轧后空冷使钢筋再结晶大部分在珠光体和细片状珠光体转变温度区间进行,可一定程度提高钢筋中珠光体组织的比例,从而改善组织均匀性;另一方面析出钒通过在钢中奥氏体晶界的沉淀钉扎作用达到细化晶粒的目的。
通过平均截线法测得钢筋的平均晶粒度约为11级,组织均为先共析铁素体+珠光体,由于边部冷却速度较快引起珠光体形核率增加,使珠光体边部含量较心部多,且粗轧温度在890-910℃,可能造成1150℃开轧时的奥氏体成分不均,从而在空冷时产生网状先共析铁素体。
利用XRF测定了研制出的钢筋的主要化学成分为:(wt%):C=0.24,Mn=1.31,V=0.036,N=0.008,碳当量Ceq=0.47;室温拉伸试验得到钢筋母材的屈服强度为475MPa,抗拉强度632MPa,实测抗拉强度与实测屈服强度特征值之比为1.33,钢筋的实测屈服强度与屈服强度特征值之比1.19,总延伸率约26%;焊接件的平均屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为Rel=473MPa,Rm=610MPa,断裂位置在焊缝,成脆性断裂;钢筋具有良好的反弯性能以及钢筋的表面质量、尺寸精度。所有条件都符合抗震钢筋的国家标准,故通过本文的钒氮微合金化+控制轧制的方式可以成功生产出HRB400E,对工业生产具有较好的指导意义。
The quick development of build structure has a much higher requirement for build-steels. High strength and high capability aseismic reinforcement steel is becoming a hot point home and aboard, especially after Wen Chuan earthquake. According to the high strain and low periodic fatigue stress during earthquake, aseismic reinforcement steel’s strength level must be as same as the distinctive normal steel bar. Besides, the ratio of test tensile strength to yield strength shouldn’t be smaller than 1.25 and yield strength to its eigenvalue shouldn’t be bigger than 1.30, while the total elongation should be equal to 9% or even bigger.
Refined grain strength can elevate the metal material’s mechanism performances with refining the grains. Based the Hall-Petch formula, it’s the only way to get high strength and good plasticity. Nowadays, micro alloying and control rolling is adopted to obtain good colligate capabilities in producing steel bar. As a result, we use V-N micro alloying to adjust the chemistry composition based on the HRB400, and control the last pass temperature to get fine ferrite and pearlite structure.
The main content are as follows: convertor melting (V-N micro alloying)-Heat billet- Rough rolling-Mill rolling-Final rolling-Cold. For avoiding appearing the fibre structure and get mass deformed strip austenite non-recrystallization grain in order to get fine ferrite after phase transition, the final rolling temperature is controlled at about Ar3,that is 910℃nearby. The element Nitrogen can promote Vanadium to separate out. By electrolysis phase, proportion of vanadium precipitates is about 31.82%。On the one hand, vanadium precipitate provide more non-uniform nucleation sites which is propitious to separate out proeutectoid ferrite in austenite. Meanwhile, water cold and air cold after rolling makes steel bar’s recrystallization occur at the temperature range of shred ferrite and pearlite transformation. It can increase pearlite to a certain extent and improve the structure’s uniformity. On the other hand, vanadium precipitate has deposition pinning effect on the austenite grain boundary to refine grain.
Steel bar’s average grain size is about 11 levels with the average line length method. The final structure is proeutectoid ferrite+pearlite. The faster cold rate at edge makes pearlite nucleation rate increase, so pearlite content is much more than that at center. As the rough rolling temperature is 890~910℃, it may cause austenite component be uneven when initial rolling temperature is 1150℃, which result in reticulation proeutectoid ferrite during air cold.
The main chemistry composition of productive steel bar with XRF is: (wt%):C=0.24,Mn=1.31,V=0.036,N=0.008,Ceq=0.47.Through the room temperature tensile experiment, the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation ratio of master material are approximately 475MPa, 632MPa and 26% respectively. The ratio of test tensile strength to yield strength is 1.33 and yield strength to its eigenvalue is 1.19. The average yield strength (Rel) and tensile strength (Rm) of weldment are 473MPa and 610MPa respectively. Steel bar own good bending capability, surface quality and size precision. All conditions are accord with the nation standard of aseismic reinforcement. Accordingly, this paper’s produce method that is V-N micro alloying + control rolling can obtain HRB400E successfully. It has some guiding significance for industry manufacture.
引文
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