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腐植酸表面活性剂的制备及表面性质研究
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摘要
本文自行设计并合成出一系列腐植酸表面活性剂,并着重研究了方法、合成条件及其表面性质。该系列表面活性剂是以黄腐植酸盐或黑腐植酸盐为主体,在主体分子结构中引入了适当亲油基或亲水基而制成的。
     该系列腐植酸表面活性剂包括:磺甲基黑腐植酸表面活性剂、带酯基的磺甲基黑腐植酸表面活性剂、黄腐植酸表面活性剂(HA-1831)、黄腐植酸表面活性剂(HA-D821)、黄腐植酸表面活性剂(HA-1231)、黄腐植酸表面活性剂(HA-乙酸乙酯)。
     该系列腐植酸表面活性剂中,黄腐植酸表面活性剂(HA-D821)的表面活性最好,其临界胶束浓度(cmc)值约等于3.16 g/L,临界胶束浓度下的表面张力(γ_(cmc))为35.64 mN/m;表面活性最差的是黄腐植酸表面活性剂(HA-1831),其临界胶束浓度(cmc)值约等于1.78g/L,临界胶束浓度下的表面张力(γ_(cmc))为47.35mN/m。
     石蜡/水的乳化实验说明该系列腐植酸表面活性剂具有较好的乳化能力。乳化能力最好的是黄腐植酸表面活性剂(HA-1831),为340s;最差的是磺甲基黑腐植酸表面活性剂,为124s。浓度为10 g/L的该系列腐植酸表面活性剂溶液中,发泡能力最好的是含酯基的磺甲基黑腐植酸表面活性剂和黄腐植酸表面活性剂(HA-乙酸乙酯),最大发泡高度为40mm;最差的是磺甲基黑腐植酸表面活性剂,最大发泡高度为15mm。
     黄腐植酸表面活性剂在有机农药润湿性的测试结果表明:腐植酸表面活性剂(HA-D821)能有效提高对有机农药的润湿性,可将有机农药乐果在冬青树叶面上的接触角由69.5度降至40.5度,有效地提高了有机农药的润湿性和药效性。
In this paper , a series of humate surfactants has been designed and synthesized. Their synthetic methods ,synthesis conditions and surface activity has been deep research. The fulvic acid or humic acid is the body, in which some proper lipophilic group or hydrophilic group has been inducted, of the series of humate surfactants .
     The series of humate surfactants include black humate surfactant sulfomethylated, black humate sulfomethylated surfactant with ester group, yellow humate surfactant(HA-1831), yellow humate surfactant(HA-D821), yellow humate surfactant(HA-1231) and yellow humate surfactant(HA-Ethyl chloroacetate).
     In this series of humate surfactants, the yellow humate surfactant(HA-D821) is with the best surface activity and its critical micelle concentration(cmc) value is about 3.16 g/L and its surface tension (γ_(cmc)) under its critical micelle concentration is 35.64 mN/m. The yellow humate surfactant(HA-1831) is with the worst surface activity and its critical micelle concentration(cmc) value is about 1.78 g/L and its surface tension (γ_(cmc)) under its critical micelle concentration is 47.35 mN/m.
     Experimental investigation on emulsion paraffin shows that the series of humate surfactants have some emulsifying capacity. The yellow humate surfactant(HA-1831) with the best emulsifying capacity is 340s, and black humate surfactant sulfomethylated with the worst emulsifying capacity is 124s. When the concentration of the series of humate surfactants is 10 g/L, black humate sulfomethylated surfactant with ester group and ellow humate surfactant(HA-Ethyl chloroacetate) have the best foaming capacity with the most foaming height 40mm and the black humate surfactant sulfomethylated have the worst foaming capacity with the most foaming height 15 mm.
     The testing results of yellow humate surfactants on the wettability of organic pesticide show that the yellow humate surfactant(HA-D821) have the best wettability and can reduce the contact angles of organic pesticide on leaves(leaves of Chinese ilex) from 69.5 degree to 40.5 degree. So the yellow humate surfactant(HA-D821) can be used as wetting agent and applied in organic pesticide(Omethoate) to improve the wettability of organic pesticide.
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