地形地貌对爆破振动波影响的实验和理论研究
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摘要
论文结合广东岭澳核电站二期工程爆破负开挖振动监测,通过现场实验和理论分析较系统地研究了地形地貌对爆破振动波的影响。实验结果表明,在平整地形下爆破振动波随爆源距的增加而衰减,其衰减规律可用萨道夫斯基经验公式描述;在地形起伏较大情况下,地形地貌对爆破振动波的传播影响非常大。凹形地貌对爆破振动波具有明显的衰减作用,其衰减系数的大小与凹形地貌的宽、深度度以及最大段药量、爆源距有关。爆破振动波的衰减系数随爆源距的增加而减小,随凹形地貌深、宽度增加而增加,但随宽度增加的幅度较小;爆源距相同的情况下,最大段药量越大,爆破振动波经过凹形地貌后衰减系数越大。另外,爆破振动波经过凹形地貌后,其主频降低,而振动持时略有增加。凸形地貌对爆破振动波具有明显的放大作用,其放大效应的大小与凸形地貌的相对高度、最大段药量、爆源距和爆源比例距离有关。爆破振动波的放大系数随凸形地貌的相对高度、最大段药量和爆源比例距离的增加而增加,随爆源距的增加而减小。凸形地貌放大效应还与岩性有关,结构完整、节理不发育的岩体放大系数比结构破碎、节理发育的岩体大。
运用波动理论研究了凹凸形地貌对爆破振动波衰减和放大效应的机理。分析表明,凹形地貌主要是对爆破振动波的面波阻隔,其阻隔效应与波长有关,波长越短阻隔效果越好。在一定爆破能量下凸形地貌才对爆破振动波具有放大效应,放大效应的实质是爆破振动波在凸形地貌自由面上折射叠加的结果。根据现场岩体的物理力学特性和施工爆破参数,应用LS-DYNA模拟了炸药在岩体中爆炸过程,得到了岩体爆破荷载特征,分析结果表明爆破荷载压力曲线与经验公式计算结果相吻合。在现场实验的基础上,应用UDEC程序模拟了地形地貌对爆破振动波传播的影响,并与现场实测结果进行了对比,得到的数值模拟结果与现场实测结果相一致。本部分的研究结果还表明,爆破振动波的放大系数并不随凸形地貌的增高而单调增加,而是先随凸形地貌高度的增加而增加,在凸形地貌高度达到某一临界值时放大系数达到最大值,当凸形地貌高度超过这一临界值时,放大系数随凸形地貌高度的增加而减小。爆破振动波的放大系数随凸形地貌高度先增后减的变化过程与理论分析相吻合。另外,在孤立凸形地貌下爆破振动波的放大系数还与凸形地貌的高宽比有关。
论文最后结合现场实验、理论分析和数值模拟,运用量纲分析推出了反映高程的爆破振动公式。
Based on the bed rock blasting excavation at Ling’ao Nuclear Power Station(LNPS),Guangdong,China,rock mass blast vibration has been monitored. By experiments on the spot and theoretic analyses,comprehensive studies are carried out on the law of propagation of vibration wave of blasting under different terrains. It is demonstrated that the attenuation law of vibration wave of blasting accord with expression of Sadaovsk Formula under even ground,whereas the topography affect greatly propagation of vibration wave under condition of variety of terrains. The concave landforms have great effects in decreasing scale of vibration wave of blasting. It is found that the attenuation coefficient of vibration wave in concave landform is not only relative to its width and depth,but also relative to charge weight per delay interval and explosive distance. The attenuation coefficient is diminished along with increase of explosive distance,but increased with charge weight per delay interval,width and depth of concave landforms. After having get through concave landforms,the primary frequency of vibration wave become small,but the time of vibration became longer than ever. And the protruding topography can enhance scale of vibration wave of blasting,its enhancement is relative to terrains height,charge weight per delay interval,explosive distance and scale distance of explosive. The amplified coefficient of vibration wave blasting is augmented with terrains height,charge weight per delay interval,and scale distance of explosive,but diminished with explosive distance. And the amplified coefficient of vibration wave blasting in intact rock mass is more than that in fragment rock.
The reason that there is increase or decrease of vibration wave of blasting under different terrains is studied according to the wave propagation theory. It is stated that concave landforms can hold back propagation of surface wave. The attenuation of wave becomes more efficient when the wavelength of vibration wave of blasting is short. The protruding topography may have amplification effect on wave under condition of definite energy. The essential reason of these phenomena is that wave diffracts on the surface of protruding topography again and again.
Based on properties of rock mass and parameters of explosive,the process of detonation in rock mass is simulated with LS-DYNA program,which adopts Von Mises failure criterion of geological material and the numerical results of explode loads on rock mass these agree well with the results of that corresponding experience formula.
With the explode loads on rock mass,on the other hand,the effect of law of propagation of vibration wave of blasting under different terrains is simulated with the UDEC program. It is founded that the results of numerical simulation agree well with the spot experimental monitoring results. The numerical results show that,under protruding topography,the amplified coefficient of vibration wave blasting does not monotonously increase with the height of terrains. It is found that the amplified coefficient increase when the height of protruding topography is below a critical point ,but it will decrease if the height of protruding topography exceed the critical point. The change process of the amplified coefficient of vibration wave blasting with the height of terrains agrees well with the phenomena of theory analyzing wave propagation. The amplified coefficient is also relative to the ratio of height to width under condition of isolated protruding topography.
It reason out a conclusion that a formula,which can show variety of protruding topography,established through dimensional analyses,with the experimental test and the theoretical analyses and the numerical simulation.
运用波动理论研究了凹凸形地貌对爆破振动波衰减和放大效应的机理。分析表明,凹形地貌主要是对爆破振动波的面波阻隔,其阻隔效应与波长有关,波长越短阻隔效果越好。在一定爆破能量下凸形地貌才对爆破振动波具有放大效应,放大效应的实质是爆破振动波在凸形地貌自由面上折射叠加的结果。根据现场岩体的物理力学特性和施工爆破参数,应用LS-DYNA模拟了炸药在岩体中爆炸过程,得到了岩体爆破荷载特征,分析结果表明爆破荷载压力曲线与经验公式计算结果相吻合。在现场实验的基础上,应用UDEC程序模拟了地形地貌对爆破振动波传播的影响,并与现场实测结果进行了对比,得到的数值模拟结果与现场实测结果相一致。本部分的研究结果还表明,爆破振动波的放大系数并不随凸形地貌的增高而单调增加,而是先随凸形地貌高度的增加而增加,在凸形地貌高度达到某一临界值时放大系数达到最大值,当凸形地貌高度超过这一临界值时,放大系数随凸形地貌高度的增加而减小。爆破振动波的放大系数随凸形地貌高度先增后减的变化过程与理论分析相吻合。另外,在孤立凸形地貌下爆破振动波的放大系数还与凸形地貌的高宽比有关。
论文最后结合现场实验、理论分析和数值模拟,运用量纲分析推出了反映高程的爆破振动公式。
Based on the bed rock blasting excavation at Ling’ao Nuclear Power Station(LNPS),Guangdong,China,rock mass blast vibration has been monitored. By experiments on the spot and theoretic analyses,comprehensive studies are carried out on the law of propagation of vibration wave of blasting under different terrains. It is demonstrated that the attenuation law of vibration wave of blasting accord with expression of Sadaovsk Formula under even ground,whereas the topography affect greatly propagation of vibration wave under condition of variety of terrains. The concave landforms have great effects in decreasing scale of vibration wave of blasting. It is found that the attenuation coefficient of vibration wave in concave landform is not only relative to its width and depth,but also relative to charge weight per delay interval and explosive distance. The attenuation coefficient is diminished along with increase of explosive distance,but increased with charge weight per delay interval,width and depth of concave landforms. After having get through concave landforms,the primary frequency of vibration wave become small,but the time of vibration became longer than ever. And the protruding topography can enhance scale of vibration wave of blasting,its enhancement is relative to terrains height,charge weight per delay interval,explosive distance and scale distance of explosive. The amplified coefficient of vibration wave blasting is augmented with terrains height,charge weight per delay interval,and scale distance of explosive,but diminished with explosive distance. And the amplified coefficient of vibration wave blasting in intact rock mass is more than that in fragment rock.
The reason that there is increase or decrease of vibration wave of blasting under different terrains is studied according to the wave propagation theory. It is stated that concave landforms can hold back propagation of surface wave. The attenuation of wave becomes more efficient when the wavelength of vibration wave of blasting is short. The protruding topography may have amplification effect on wave under condition of definite energy. The essential reason of these phenomena is that wave diffracts on the surface of protruding topography again and again.
Based on properties of rock mass and parameters of explosive,the process of detonation in rock mass is simulated with LS-DYNA program,which adopts Von Mises failure criterion of geological material and the numerical results of explode loads on rock mass these agree well with the results of that corresponding experience formula.
With the explode loads on rock mass,on the other hand,the effect of law of propagation of vibration wave of blasting under different terrains is simulated with the UDEC program. It is founded that the results of numerical simulation agree well with the spot experimental monitoring results. The numerical results show that,under protruding topography,the amplified coefficient of vibration wave blasting does not monotonously increase with the height of terrains. It is found that the amplified coefficient increase when the height of protruding topography is below a critical point ,but it will decrease if the height of protruding topography exceed the critical point. The change process of the amplified coefficient of vibration wave blasting with the height of terrains agrees well with the phenomena of theory analyzing wave propagation. The amplified coefficient is also relative to the ratio of height to width under condition of isolated protruding topography.
It reason out a conclusion that a formula,which can show variety of protruding topography,established through dimensional analyses,with the experimental test and the theoretical analyses and the numerical simulation.
引文
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