深部磷矿非爆连续开采理论与工艺研究
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摘要
摘要：矿产资源的安全、高效开采是矿山企业竭力追求的。随着机械设备、信息技术的不断发展,矿产资源开采的效率也在不断提高,尤其对地下开采矿山来说,机械装备水平直接决定了采矿效率。因此,如何利用先进的机械设备、信息技术等实现矿山连续开采进而提高采矿效率一直以来都是研究的焦点。尤其在深部资源的开采环境中,如果能研制成功的落矿机械设备,利用深部高应力状态,采取较小的机械扰动致使破岩,然后与先进的装载、运输设备配套使用,实现全机械化非爆连续开采,这样不仅可以实现高效连续开采,而且能降低生产事故率,实现安全生产。鉴于此,本文主要研究内容如下：
对高应力硬岩的致裂机理进行深入研究,分析深部开采中高应力硬岩的动力学问题以及实际工程应用过程中的机械破岩原理。对深部岩体开挖后围岩在卸载状况下的破坏模式及规律进行理论分析和数值模拟,为深部诱导巷道存在条件下非爆连续开采提供理论支撑。
针对开磷马路坪矿体特征及悬臂式掘进机的相关参数,探讨适用于悬臂式掘进机开采的开拓方案,分析悬臂式掘进机开采的回采特性,确定了回采进路断面和合理的开挖方向,设计适用于悬臂式掘进机开采的采矿方法。
对开挖诱导巷道后高帮矿体在卸载作用下的破碎范围进行监测和质量评价,为后续掘进机开采及卸载后围岩破碎的理论研究提供基础数据。
通过设计合理的试验方案,分别开展悬臂式掘进机独头掘进现场工业试验和诱导巷道高帮矿体切割现场工业试验,比较两种情况下掘进效率及截齿损耗情况,找出诱导巷道对掘进机开挖的辅助作用。同时,找出悬臂式掘进机开挖工作面粉尘分布规律,测定工作面粉尘浓度并提出可行的防尘措施及通风方法。
Abstract:Safe and efficient exploitation of mineral resources is what the mining enterprises are pursuing for. With the evolution of mechanical equipment, information technology, the efficiency of the exploitation of mineral resources has also been improved, especially for those underground mines, the efficiency of mining was directly determined by machinery and equipment level. Therefore, mining efficiency improving by using advanced machinery and equipment, information technology to realize continuous mining has always been the focus of the research. As the resources mining in deep environment, if the sophisticated excavation machinery and equipment was used to exert small mechanical disturbance for rock mass breaking by utilizing high stress state in deep, and then jointed by advanced loading, transport equipment to achieve full mechanization non-explosive continuous mining. So that not only can achieve high efficiency continuous mining, but also reduce the rate of industrial accidents, and ensure safe production. In view of this, the main contents of this paper are as follows:
High stress and hard rock fracturing mechanism was studied, and the dynamic problems of hard rock in high stress state as well as practical engineering applications in mechanical rock breaking principle were also analyzed. Excavation failure modes and laws of the surrounding rock in the unloading condition in deep were theoretically and numerically simulated to provide theoretical support for non-explosive continuous mining as the induced roadway existed.
Development Scheme of roadheader mining for Kailin Maluping was discussed considering orebody characteristics and the relevant parameters of the roadheader. Roadheader mining characteristics were analyzed, and the cross-section of mining entrance, reasonable excavation direction, roadheader mining method were determined.
Broken area of orebody surrounding the excavated laneway under the condition of unloading process was monitored and evaluated, which will provide the basic data for following roadheader mining and theoretical broken research of unloaded surrounding rock.
On-site industrial laneway excavation tests and incision tests of orebody surrounding the excavated laneway were carried out. The excavation efficiency and cutter wearing status of these two kinds of tests were compared to find out the assistant effects of excavated laneway to roadheader mining. At the same time, dust concentration on roadheader working face was measured, dust distribution law was deduced, and the dust prevention and ventilation methods were proposed.
对高应力硬岩的致裂机理进行深入研究,分析深部开采中高应力硬岩的动力学问题以及实际工程应用过程中的机械破岩原理。对深部岩体开挖后围岩在卸载状况下的破坏模式及规律进行理论分析和数值模拟,为深部诱导巷道存在条件下非爆连续开采提供理论支撑。
针对开磷马路坪矿体特征及悬臂式掘进机的相关参数,探讨适用于悬臂式掘进机开采的开拓方案,分析悬臂式掘进机开采的回采特性,确定了回采进路断面和合理的开挖方向,设计适用于悬臂式掘进机开采的采矿方法。
对开挖诱导巷道后高帮矿体在卸载作用下的破碎范围进行监测和质量评价,为后续掘进机开采及卸载后围岩破碎的理论研究提供基础数据。
通过设计合理的试验方案,分别开展悬臂式掘进机独头掘进现场工业试验和诱导巷道高帮矿体切割现场工业试验,比较两种情况下掘进效率及截齿损耗情况,找出诱导巷道对掘进机开挖的辅助作用。同时,找出悬臂式掘进机开挖工作面粉尘分布规律,测定工作面粉尘浓度并提出可行的防尘措施及通风方法。
Abstract:Safe and efficient exploitation of mineral resources is what the mining enterprises are pursuing for. With the evolution of mechanical equipment, information technology, the efficiency of the exploitation of mineral resources has also been improved, especially for those underground mines, the efficiency of mining was directly determined by machinery and equipment level. Therefore, mining efficiency improving by using advanced machinery and equipment, information technology to realize continuous mining has always been the focus of the research. As the resources mining in deep environment, if the sophisticated excavation machinery and equipment was used to exert small mechanical disturbance for rock mass breaking by utilizing high stress state in deep, and then jointed by advanced loading, transport equipment to achieve full mechanization non-explosive continuous mining. So that not only can achieve high efficiency continuous mining, but also reduce the rate of industrial accidents, and ensure safe production. In view of this, the main contents of this paper are as follows:
High stress and hard rock fracturing mechanism was studied, and the dynamic problems of hard rock in high stress state as well as practical engineering applications in mechanical rock breaking principle were also analyzed. Excavation failure modes and laws of the surrounding rock in the unloading condition in deep were theoretically and numerically simulated to provide theoretical support for non-explosive continuous mining as the induced roadway existed.
Development Scheme of roadheader mining for Kailin Maluping was discussed considering orebody characteristics and the relevant parameters of the roadheader. Roadheader mining characteristics were analyzed, and the cross-section of mining entrance, reasonable excavation direction, roadheader mining method were determined.
Broken area of orebody surrounding the excavated laneway under the condition of unloading process was monitored and evaluated, which will provide the basic data for following roadheader mining and theoretical broken research of unloaded surrounding rock.
On-site industrial laneway excavation tests and incision tests of orebody surrounding the excavated laneway were carried out. The excavation efficiency and cutter wearing status of these two kinds of tests were compared to find out the assistant effects of excavated laneway to roadheader mining. At the same time, dust concentration on roadheader working face was measured, dust distribution law was deduced, and the dust prevention and ventilation methods were proposed.
引文
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