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企业技术能力对提升技术学习率的影响机制研究
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摘要
随着技术与市场竞争的快速变化,掌握核心技术并保证技术持续地创新成为越来越多的企业赢得更持久竞争优势的关键,而技术学习是保证企业技术创新不断提升的重要途径。持续有效地技术学习不仅可以使企业快速地获取先进技术和改进管理能力,不断地推出新的产品和服务来适应快速变迁的环境,而且能够帮助企业实现技术创新能力的提升,是企业保持技术优势的必要条件。无论是发达国家的企业还是发展中国家的企业,都意识到通过技术学习来获取外部技术资源同增强企业内部研发能力在企业提高技术水平时是“并重”的。但是在我国企业技术学习的实践中,很多企业忽略了自身技术能力的影响,在不顾自身资源条件限制的情况下盲目地展开技术学习活动,以至于付出了更大的学习成本甚至造成了技术学习的失败。因此如何在企业现有的技术能力基础上来获取高效的技术学习是企业发展所面临的关键问题。本文针对此方面展开研究,以期为我国企业在现有技术能力的基础上获取高效的技术学习、进而增强企业技术创新能力提供理论参考和实践借鉴。
     本文首先回顾了技术能力和技术学习的相关研究,主要针对技术能力对技术学习的影响作用展开了研究。为此,在分析技术学习和技术能力内涵的基础上,探索了技术能力对技术学习的影响路径、影响效果和影响机制,即分析了技术能力对技术学习过程的影响、技术能力对技术学习率的影响,以及技术能力构成对技术学习的影响,最终形成了技术能力对技术学习影响的理论框架,为本研究提供了理论基础。
     在依据技术资源转移观点对企业技术学习过程进行阶段分析的基础上,本文研究了企业技术能力对技术学习过程的影响作用。首先,根据技术资源转移的情况,对企业技术学习的过程进行阶段划分。然后在此基础上,分别探讨了技术能力对技术学习过程各个阶段的影响作用,发现不同的阶段,技术能力对技术学习的影响效果不同,但均是通过技术资源和资源运作能力来实现的。最后通过哈尔滨某汽车排气系统有限公司的案例对作用机制进行了探索性分析,为后续研究提供了源于实践的构想。
     通过构建系统动力学模型,探讨了企业技术能力势能和势能差对技术学习率的影响效果。首先对技术学习过程中技术能力的势能和势能差进行了界定和衡量,然后在此基础上构建了技术能力对技术学习影响的系统动力学模型,仿真研究了技术能力势能和势能差对技术学习率的影响。最后通过模型参数的改变,探讨了如何利用现有的技术能力来获得持续高效的技术学习率。
     为了进一步探索技术能力构成对技术学习率的影响机制,在理论分析的基础上,形成了技术能力要素和要素间关系对技术学习率影响的研究假设。然后通过问卷调查和多元层次分析方法对已形成的理论假设进行了一系列的实证检验,并将检验结果与理论假设进行分析和讨论。研究结果显示:技术能力对技术学习率的影响分为三个层次:基础层次为技术能力构成要素对技术学习率的直接影响;中间层次为人员要素是技术能力对技术学习率影响的核心要素,组织与管理要素、设备要素和信息要素对技术学习率的影响是通过人员要素来实现的;最高层次为组织与管理要素是整体发挥技术能力系统作用的关键,组织与管理要素通过对人员、信息和设备要素的统一配置和系统管理来实现对技术学习的影响。
Core technology has become more and more important for enterprisescompetitive advantage as huge transformation in technology and market, morevertechnology learning has become the main factor that developes the technologicalinnovation of enterprises. Continuous technological learning not only makeenterprises acquire advanced technology and improve management, which will adaptto the transformative eviorment through providing new products and sevices, but alsoit helps the enterprises improve the technological innovation, which is theprerequisite for keeping advantege of technology. Meanwhile, both developedcountries and developing countries have realize that acquiring advanced technologythrough technological learning is as important as independent innovation whenenterprises develop technology. However, our enterprises always ignore the influenceof technological capability when they are in practice, and technological learningactivities are carried out bindly without considering the limitation of technologicalcapability, so that inducing higher learning costs or failure in technological learning.In a word, it becomes more and more important that how to develop technologicallearning in high level under the condition of current technological capability. So thistext will do analysis about this problem, and the ambition is to provide theoreticalreference and practical experience for the improvement of enterprises technologicalinnovation through the effective technological learning based on the currenttechnological capability.
     Firstly, this text reviewes the relative researches about technological capabilityand technological learning, which focuse on the influence of technological capabilityon technological learning. Then based on the aspect of new technology is the mainpoint of technological learning and analysis on intention of technological learningand technological capability, some researches will be carried out, including:technological capability on the process of technological learning, technologicalcapability on the efficiency of technological learning, and constituent oftechnological capability on technological learning. Then theoretical framework oftechnological capability on technological learning is developed, which will be thetheoretical basis for this text.
     In the view of technology resource transfer, this text will research on theinfluence of technological capability on the process of technological learning. On thebasis of technology resource transfer, the process of technological learning is dividedinto two stage. Then this text analyzes the influence of technological capability on each stage of technologcial learning, and the result demonstrates that although theeffection of technological capability on each stage of technological learning, the wayof influence pathway is through technological resource and resource operation.Finally, case study on a Harbin Automotive Exhaust Systems company is explored,which will provide concept of practice for the following research.
     In the view of system operating, it produced the model of system dynamics foranalyzing effection of technological capability on technological learning rate. Thedefinition and measurement of technological capability potential-energy andpotential-energy gap are provided, then system dynamics model is developed, whichwill pictures the graph of technological learning rate under the development oftechnological capability. Lastely, the countermeasure that acquire high leveltechnological learning rate based on current technological capability is studied,whichis in the view of varing model parameter.
     In order to exlpore the mechanism of technological capability constituent andrelation of constituent on technological learning, the research model is built based onthe therotical analysis, including10research hypothesis in two sets. Then thequestionnair and analytic hierarchy process is emlpoyed to examine the researchhypothesis. The result demonstrates that: the mechanism of technological capabilityon technological learning is divided into three hierarchy; the foundation level is thatconstituents of technological capability all have a positive impact on technologicallearning rate; the middle level is that constituent of human is the key path throughwhich the other constituents of technological capability put impact on technologicallearning rate; the highest level is that the overall function of technological capability,which developed by the way of the constituent of organizition and managmentunifing and supervising the other constituents, has an impact on technologicallearning rate.
引文
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