单/多机空空无源定位误差分析
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摘要
利用目标电磁辐射信息的无源探测定位系统由于其自身隐蔽、探测距离远等优点而具有广泛应用前景。为了达到“先敌发现,先敌攻击”的目的,需要发展定位精度高,平台机动灵活,自身隐蔽性能好的单机和多机空空无源定位新技术。本文将围绕空对空情况下的单机和多机无源定位问题而展开分析。
本文主要研究了单个机载观测器按照不同机动方式对空中运动机载辐射源进行无源定位跟踪的误差,以及多个机载观测器在不同的几何布阵方式下对机载辐射源进行无源定位的误差。论文第二章提出了一种基于长基线干涉仪相位差变化率的单机无源定位的干涉仪系统设计方案和参数测量模型、运动状态模型和定位跟踪方法,推导了计算定位误差的克拉美-罗下限(CRLB)的方法,重点仿真比较了观测器载机不同机动方式下的单机空空无源定位误差并得到了结论。论文第三章多个载机观测器联合测量角度和到达时差组网无源定位的系统结构、定位方法等进行分析,推导了定位精度的几何分布(GDOP),计算比较了不同的定位体制方式下的定位误差,提出了在不同条件下的布阵策略。论文第四章介绍了对空空无源定位误差分析软件的实现过程和功能,该软件可以对基于干涉仪相位差变化率的单机空空无源跟踪误差和基于角度、到达时差的多机空空无源定位跟踪误差进行仿真分析。
本文主要对无源定位进行理论和仿真误差分析,它对于未来新一代战机的远距离空空无源定位工程应用和实际作战使用方式具有一定指导意义。
Passive localization and tracking system, which utilizes the information of electromagnetic wave emitted by the target, has the merits of self-hiding and far-distance detecting and therefore can be widely used in many fields. For the purpose of reconnaissance and attacking target before the opponent do so, novel technologies such as air-to-air passive locating and tracking should be developed, which has the properties of high localization precision, smart maneuverability and nice self- concealment. This paper researched the problems of air-to-air passive location technologies based on single/multiple airborne observer(s).
Two main problems are discussed in this thesis. One is the location precision analysis by different maneuvering modes for single airborne observer; the other is that under different platform distributions for multiple observers. In chapter 2, a positioning method based on phase difference rate-of-change by long interferometer is put forward. The system design scheme, parameter measuring model and motion model are also analyzed. Then the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) is deduced. Simulation is carried out, and useful conclusion is draw by comparing location precision under different maneuvering scenarios by single airborne observer. Chapter 3 emphases on the analysis of the system structure and positioning method combining AOA and TDOA by multiple airborne observers and then the method of calculating the Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP) is deduced. By comparisons location error caused by different location systems, arrangement strategy is advanced under different conditions. Chapter 4 introduces the function and implement of the error analysis software based on air-to-air passive location. It can analyze the location error for a single and multiple airborne observers by phase difference rate-of-change and AOA and TDOA, respectively.
This paper mainly studies on the precision analysis of passive location based on theoretic and practice, which may be helpful for the project application of air-to-air passive location to the last battle plane and can give some guidance in the EW.
本文主要研究了单个机载观测器按照不同机动方式对空中运动机载辐射源进行无源定位跟踪的误差,以及多个机载观测器在不同的几何布阵方式下对机载辐射源进行无源定位的误差。论文第二章提出了一种基于长基线干涉仪相位差变化率的单机无源定位的干涉仪系统设计方案和参数测量模型、运动状态模型和定位跟踪方法,推导了计算定位误差的克拉美-罗下限(CRLB)的方法,重点仿真比较了观测器载机不同机动方式下的单机空空无源定位误差并得到了结论。论文第三章多个载机观测器联合测量角度和到达时差组网无源定位的系统结构、定位方法等进行分析,推导了定位精度的几何分布(GDOP),计算比较了不同的定位体制方式下的定位误差,提出了在不同条件下的布阵策略。论文第四章介绍了对空空无源定位误差分析软件的实现过程和功能,该软件可以对基于干涉仪相位差变化率的单机空空无源跟踪误差和基于角度、到达时差的多机空空无源定位跟踪误差进行仿真分析。
本文主要对无源定位进行理论和仿真误差分析,它对于未来新一代战机的远距离空空无源定位工程应用和实际作战使用方式具有一定指导意义。
Passive localization and tracking system, which utilizes the information of electromagnetic wave emitted by the target, has the merits of self-hiding and far-distance detecting and therefore can be widely used in many fields. For the purpose of reconnaissance and attacking target before the opponent do so, novel technologies such as air-to-air passive locating and tracking should be developed, which has the properties of high localization precision, smart maneuverability and nice self- concealment. This paper researched the problems of air-to-air passive location technologies based on single/multiple airborne observer(s).
Two main problems are discussed in this thesis. One is the location precision analysis by different maneuvering modes for single airborne observer; the other is that under different platform distributions for multiple observers. In chapter 2, a positioning method based on phase difference rate-of-change by long interferometer is put forward. The system design scheme, parameter measuring model and motion model are also analyzed. Then the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) is deduced. Simulation is carried out, and useful conclusion is draw by comparing location precision under different maneuvering scenarios by single airborne observer. Chapter 3 emphases on the analysis of the system structure and positioning method combining AOA and TDOA by multiple airborne observers and then the method of calculating the Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP) is deduced. By comparisons location error caused by different location systems, arrangement strategy is advanced under different conditions. Chapter 4 introduces the function and implement of the error analysis software based on air-to-air passive location. It can analyze the location error for a single and multiple airborne observers by phase difference rate-of-change and AOA and TDOA, respectively.
This paper mainly studies on the precision analysis of passive location based on theoretic and practice, which may be helpful for the project application of air-to-air passive location to the last battle plane and can give some guidance in the EW.
引文
[1]孙仲康,郭福成,冯道旺.单站无源定位跟踪技术.北京:国防工业出版社,2008.10页
[2]侯印鸣等.综合电子战—现代战争的杀手锏.北京:国防工业出版社,2000.
[3]王强.机载单站无源定位跟踪技术研究.长沙:国防科技大学研究生院,2004.
[4]戴中华.单站只测角无源定位轨迹优化方法.长沙:国防科技大学研究生院,2007.
[5]戴中华.基于方位角变化率最大的轨迹优化几何方法.航天电子对抗,2007.Vol.23, No.4
[6] Alberts, and F. Stein.Network Centric Warfare:Developing and Leveraging Information Superiority.published by C4ISR Cooperative Research Program,1999.
[7] Cebrowski A., and J. Garstka.Network–Centric Warfare: Its Origin and Future.U. S. Naval Institute Proceedings,Vol.124,No.1,January 1998.28~35
[8] Fitzgerald, J. R., R. Christian, and R. Manke.Network-Centric Anti-Submarine Warfare.U. S Naval Institute Proceedings,Vol.124,No.9,September 1998.92~95
[9] Garstka J..Network-Centric Warfare: An Overview of Emerging Theory. Journal of the Military Operations Research Society,December 2000.
[10] Johnson J..Network-Centric Warfare: Real-Time Awareness.All Hands,January 1998.
[11] 607研究所.机载雷达组网技术研究.1995.
[12]王瀚.机载多平台时差无源定位系统.长沙:国防科技大学研究生院,2006.
[13]严朝译.系统误差校正中的时间对准问题研究.电子对抗技术,2003.18(2):13-17
[14] H Gershanoff . Experimental Passive Range and AOA System Shows Promise .Journal of Electronic Defence,1992, (12): 31-32.
[15] Deloris Hsiung, Tracy Wichmann . The Development of Multi-Processor Software for the Demonstration of Passive Real Time Threat Emitter Location.NAECON,1992:650-656.
[16] Bob Lawler.Passive Ranging Power Sub-System.Lockheed Martin Federal Systems.
[17] A COTS solution for single platform passive targeting.Journal of Electronic Defence,Jul., 1996.
[18] Dave Adamy.Radar Warning Receiver: The Digital Revolution.Journal of Electronic Defence,2000, (11): 45-50.
[19] Dave Adamy.Precise Targeting: Sensors Get Smarter.Journal of Electronic Defence,2000, (9): 51-56.
[20] B Kenneth, Sherman, Brendan P Rivers.USAF Upgrading RWRs.Journal of Electronic Defence,2001, (10)
[21] Lt Col, John Wilson.Precision Location and Identification: A Revolution in Threat Warning and Situational Awareness.Journal of Electronic Defence,1999, (11): 43-48
[22]孙仲康,周一宇,何黎星.单多基地有源无源定位技术.北京:国防工业出版社,1996.
[23]邓新蒲.运动单观测器无源定位与跟踪方法研究.长沙:国防科学技术大学研究生院,2000.
[24] V. J. Aidala.Kalman filter behavior in bearings-only tracking applications.IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems,1979,15(1): 29~39
[25] S. C. Nardone, and Aidala, V. J.Observability criteria for bearings-only target motion analysis.IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,AES-17 (Mar. 1981) .162~166
[26] S. E. Hammel, and Aidala V. J.Observability requirements for three-dimensional tracking via angle measurements . IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,AES-21 (Mar. 1985).200~207
[27] M. J. Shensa.On the uniqueness of Doppler tracking.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,70(4), Oct,1981.1062~1064.
[28] K. Becker.A general approach to TMA observability from angle and frequency measurements.IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,32 (Jan. 1996) .487~494
[29]许耀伟.一种快速高精度无源定位方法的研究.长沙:国防科技大学研究生院,1998.
[30]郭福成,贾兴江,皇甫堪.仅用相位差变化率的机载单站无源定位方法及其误差分析.航空学报,2009.Vol.30 No.6
[31]罗鹏飞,张文明等.统计信号处理基础.电子工业出版社,1999.
[32]冯道旺.利用径向加速度信息的单站无源定位技术研究.长沙:国防科技大学研究生院,2003.
[33]宋徽.多站无源定位技术的研究.南京:南京理工大学研究生院,2007.
[34]王鼎,林四川,李长胜.双站基于角度和时差的近似无偏定位算法.雷达科学与技术,2008.Vol.6, No.5
[35]胡来招.无源定位.北京:国防工业出版社,2004:1~10
[36]何友,修建娟.无源定位方法综述.第八届全国雷达年会学术论文集,2002: 71~75
[37]单月晖,孙仲康,皇甫堪.不断发展的无源定位技术.航天电子对抗,2002(3):36~42
[38]李立萍.无源定位技术的研究与应用.成都:电子科技大学,1999.
[2]侯印鸣等.综合电子战—现代战争的杀手锏.北京:国防工业出版社,2000.
[3]王强.机载单站无源定位跟踪技术研究.长沙:国防科技大学研究生院,2004.
[4]戴中华.单站只测角无源定位轨迹优化方法.长沙:国防科技大学研究生院,2007.
[5]戴中华.基于方位角变化率最大的轨迹优化几何方法.航天电子对抗,2007.Vol.23, No.4
[6] Alberts, and F. Stein.Network Centric Warfare:Developing and Leveraging Information Superiority.published by C4ISR Cooperative Research Program,1999.
[7] Cebrowski A., and J. Garstka.Network–Centric Warfare: Its Origin and Future.U. S. Naval Institute Proceedings,Vol.124,No.1,January 1998.28~35
[8] Fitzgerald, J. R., R. Christian, and R. Manke.Network-Centric Anti-Submarine Warfare.U. S Naval Institute Proceedings,Vol.124,No.9,September 1998.92~95
[9] Garstka J..Network-Centric Warfare: An Overview of Emerging Theory. Journal of the Military Operations Research Society,December 2000.
[10] Johnson J..Network-Centric Warfare: Real-Time Awareness.All Hands,January 1998.
[11] 607研究所.机载雷达组网技术研究.1995.
[12]王瀚.机载多平台时差无源定位系统.长沙:国防科技大学研究生院,2006.
[13]严朝译.系统误差校正中的时间对准问题研究.电子对抗技术,2003.18(2):13-17
[14] H Gershanoff . Experimental Passive Range and AOA System Shows Promise .Journal of Electronic Defence,1992, (12): 31-32.
[15] Deloris Hsiung, Tracy Wichmann . The Development of Multi-Processor Software for the Demonstration of Passive Real Time Threat Emitter Location.NAECON,1992:650-656.
[16] Bob Lawler.Passive Ranging Power Sub-System.Lockheed Martin Federal Systems.
[17] A COTS solution for single platform passive targeting.Journal of Electronic Defence,Jul., 1996.
[18] Dave Adamy.Radar Warning Receiver: The Digital Revolution.Journal of Electronic Defence,2000, (11): 45-50.
[19] Dave Adamy.Precise Targeting: Sensors Get Smarter.Journal of Electronic Defence,2000, (9): 51-56.
[20] B Kenneth, Sherman, Brendan P Rivers.USAF Upgrading RWRs.Journal of Electronic Defence,2001, (10)
[21] Lt Col, John Wilson.Precision Location and Identification: A Revolution in Threat Warning and Situational Awareness.Journal of Electronic Defence,1999, (11): 43-48
[22]孙仲康,周一宇,何黎星.单多基地有源无源定位技术.北京:国防工业出版社,1996.
[23]邓新蒲.运动单观测器无源定位与跟踪方法研究.长沙:国防科学技术大学研究生院,2000.
[24] V. J. Aidala.Kalman filter behavior in bearings-only tracking applications.IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems,1979,15(1): 29~39
[25] S. C. Nardone, and Aidala, V. J.Observability criteria for bearings-only target motion analysis.IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,AES-17 (Mar. 1981) .162~166
[26] S. E. Hammel, and Aidala V. J.Observability requirements for three-dimensional tracking via angle measurements . IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,AES-21 (Mar. 1985).200~207
[27] M. J. Shensa.On the uniqueness of Doppler tracking.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,70(4), Oct,1981.1062~1064.
[28] K. Becker.A general approach to TMA observability from angle and frequency measurements.IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,32 (Jan. 1996) .487~494
[29]许耀伟.一种快速高精度无源定位方法的研究.长沙:国防科技大学研究生院,1998.
[30]郭福成,贾兴江,皇甫堪.仅用相位差变化率的机载单站无源定位方法及其误差分析.航空学报,2009.Vol.30 No.6
[31]罗鹏飞,张文明等.统计信号处理基础.电子工业出版社,1999.
[32]冯道旺.利用径向加速度信息的单站无源定位技术研究.长沙:国防科技大学研究生院,2003.
[33]宋徽.多站无源定位技术的研究.南京:南京理工大学研究生院,2007.
[34]王鼎,林四川,李长胜.双站基于角度和时差的近似无偏定位算法.雷达科学与技术,2008.Vol.6, No.5
[35]胡来招.无源定位.北京:国防工业出版社,2004:1~10
[36]何友,修建娟.无源定位方法综述.第八届全国雷达年会学术论文集,2002: 71~75
[37]单月晖,孙仲康,皇甫堪.不断发展的无源定位技术.航天电子对抗,2002(3):36~42
[38]李立萍.无源定位技术的研究与应用.成都:电子科技大学,1999.