无刷双馈电机调速系统研究
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摘要
无刷双馈电机是一种结构简单、坚固可靠、异同步通用的电机，可
在无刷情况下实现双馈。它具有功率因数可调、高效率的特点，可应用于
调速系统和变速恒频恒压发电系统中。目前国内研究工作还仅限于实验室
研究，没有研制出实用化的样机，因此有必要对其进行深入研究。
本文试图对无刷双馈电机变频调速系统进行系统深入的研究，从无
刷双馈电机发展历史出发，在分析其运行原理的基础上，推导了无刷双馈
电机的计算模型、参数计算方法，并根据数学模型对其开环特性进行了仿
真研究，然后在分析了其开环特性和常规异步电机矢量控制的基础上提出
了无刷双馈电机双同步坐标下的磁场定向控制策略，给出了实现这一算法
的系统框图和硬件结构图，并对控制策略进行了系统仿真，得到了无刷双
馈电机闭环下的转矩特性、频率特性和控制性能。
本文所完成的工作，对于无刷双馈电机的设计、建模和控制有较好
的现实意义，为无刷双馈电机的进一步的实用化奠定了基础。
The brushless doubly-fed machine(BDFM), with simple structure and
favorable reliability, has gained renewed attention in adjustable-speed drive
and variable-speed constant-frequency generator applications in recent years
for it features adjustable power factor and high efficiency. In BDFM, since
both power winding and control winding are mounted in stator, current is
doubly fed into the machine without electric brush and slip ring hence
improving robustness and security can be achieved in this configuration. Up to
now, the domestic study on BDFM is just confined to laboratory and there is
no practical system used in industrial applications, so it is necessary to go
deep into its research.
In this paper, systematic research on variable-frequency adjustable-speed
drive based on BDFM is carried out. Beginning with its historical
development, this paper presents the BDFM抯 calculating model and variable
calculating method based on its operating principle. And a simulation is
carried out to verify its open-loop performance. And then, the research is
focused on the control strategy of the BDFM. On the fundament of analyzing
its open-loop characteristics and the normal induction machine抯 vector
control method, a field orientation control scheme of BDFM is presented. A
double-synchronous frame d-q model has been proposed where variables are
transformed into either the BDFM power or control winding synchronous
reference frame, which makes the field-oriented control methods feasible. A
system controller block diagram and hardware structure diagram are proposed
in this paper according to the synchronous frame d-q model. The simulation to
the torque and frequency characteristics illustrates the effectiveness of the
proposed method.
The research in this paper has established a ftindamental for the practical
application of BDFM, and will promote the BDFM抯 designing, modeling and
controlling.
在无刷情况下实现双馈。它具有功率因数可调、高效率的特点，可应用于
调速系统和变速恒频恒压发电系统中。目前国内研究工作还仅限于实验室
研究，没有研制出实用化的样机，因此有必要对其进行深入研究。
本文试图对无刷双馈电机变频调速系统进行系统深入的研究，从无
刷双馈电机发展历史出发，在分析其运行原理的基础上，推导了无刷双馈
电机的计算模型、参数计算方法，并根据数学模型对其开环特性进行了仿
真研究，然后在分析了其开环特性和常规异步电机矢量控制的基础上提出
了无刷双馈电机双同步坐标下的磁场定向控制策略，给出了实现这一算法
的系统框图和硬件结构图，并对控制策略进行了系统仿真，得到了无刷双
馈电机闭环下的转矩特性、频率特性和控制性能。
本文所完成的工作，对于无刷双馈电机的设计、建模和控制有较好
的现实意义，为无刷双馈电机的进一步的实用化奠定了基础。
The brushless doubly-fed machine(BDFM), with simple structure and
favorable reliability, has gained renewed attention in adjustable-speed drive
and variable-speed constant-frequency generator applications in recent years
for it features adjustable power factor and high efficiency. In BDFM, since
both power winding and control winding are mounted in stator, current is
doubly fed into the machine without electric brush and slip ring hence
improving robustness and security can be achieved in this configuration. Up to
now, the domestic study on BDFM is just confined to laboratory and there is
no practical system used in industrial applications, so it is necessary to go
deep into its research.
In this paper, systematic research on variable-frequency adjustable-speed
drive based on BDFM is carried out. Beginning with its historical
development, this paper presents the BDFM抯 calculating model and variable
calculating method based on its operating principle. And a simulation is
carried out to verify its open-loop performance. And then, the research is
focused on the control strategy of the BDFM. On the fundament of analyzing
its open-loop characteristics and the normal induction machine抯 vector
control method, a field orientation control scheme of BDFM is presented. A
double-synchronous frame d-q model has been proposed where variables are
transformed into either the BDFM power or control winding synchronous
reference frame, which makes the field-oriented control methods feasible. A
system controller block diagram and hardware structure diagram are proposed
in this paper according to the synchronous frame d-q model. The simulation to
the torque and frequency characteristics illustrates the effectiveness of the
proposed method.
The research in this paper has established a ftindamental for the practical
application of BDFM, and will promote the BDFM抯 designing, modeling and
controlling.
引文
[1] L.J. Hunt. The Cascade Induction Motor. J. IEE, 1914, 52:406-426
[2] F. Greedy. Some Development in Multi-speed Cascade Induction Motors. J. IEE, 1921, 59:511-532
[3] BROADWAY.A.R.W, and BURBRIDGE. L, Self-cascaded machine: a low-speed motor or high-frequency brushless alternator, Proc. IEE, 1970, 117(7) , PP. 1277-1290．
[4] BROADWAY. A. R. W., Cageless induction machine, Proc. IEE. 1971, 118(11) , PP.1593-1600
[5] BROADWAY. A. R. W, Brushless stator-controlled synchronous-induction machine, Proc. IEEE, 1973, 120(8) , PP. 860-866
[6] BROADWAY. A. W, and G. Thomas, Brushless cascade alternator, Proc. IEE, 1974, 121(12) , PP. 1529-1535
[7] Alan K. Wallace, R. Spee and Hian K. Lauw. Dynamic Modeling of Brushless Doubly-fed Machine. Conference Record of 1988 IEEE Industry Application Soceity Annual Meeting, 1989
[8] Ruqi Li, Alan Wallace and R. Spee. Two-axis Model Development of Cage-rotor Brushless Doubly-fed Machines. IEEE Energy Conversion, 1991, 6(3) :445～452
[9] Dongsheng Zhou, Rene Spee, and Gerald C. Alexander, Experimental Evaluation of a Rotor Flux Orientation Control Algorithm for Brushless Doubly-Fed Machines, IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, Vol. 12(1) , PP. 72-78, Jan. 1997
[10] M. S. Boger, A. K. Wallace, R. Spee, and R. Li, General pole number model of the brushless doubly-fed machine, IEEE Trans. Industry Application, Vol. 31(5) , PP. 1022-1027, Sept/Oct. 1995
[11] A.K. Wallace, P. Rochelle, and R. Spee, Rotor modeling and development for brushless doubly-fed machines, Electric Machines and Power Systems, 23: 703-715, 1995
[12] B. V Gorti, G. C. Alexander, and R. Spee, Power balance considerations for brushless doubly-fed machines, IEEE Trans. Energy conversion, Vol. 11, No.4, Dec. 1996
[13] M. S. Boger, A. K. Wallace, and R. Spee, Investigation of appropriate pole number
combinations for brushless doubly-fed machines applied to pump drives, IEEE Trans., Industry Applications. Vol. 32, No.1, Jan/Feb 1996
[14] L. Xu, L. Zhe, and E. H. Kim, Field-Orientation Control of a Doubly Excited Brushless Reluctance Machine, IEEE Trans, Industry Applications. Vol. 34, No.1, Jan/Feb 1998
[15] M. Boger and A. Wallace, Performance Capability Analysis of the Brushless Doubly-fed Machine as a Wind Generator. Electrical Machine and Drives, IEE, 1995, 14(2) :458～561
[16] Ruqi Li, Rene spec, Alan K. Wallace, and G. C. Alexander, Synchronous drive performance of brushless doubly-fed motors, IEEE Trans. Industry Application, Vol 30(4) , PP. 963-970, 1994
[17] L. XU, F. Liang, and T. A. Lipo, Transient Model of a doubly excited reluctance motor, IEEE. Energy Conversion, Vol. 6(1) , PP. 126-132, 1991
[18] M. S. Boger, A. K. Wallace, R. Spee, and Ruqi Li, General pole number model of brushless doubly-fed machines, IEEE Trans. Industry Application, Vol. 31(5) , PP. 1022-1026, 1995
[19] William R.Brassfield, Rene Spee, and Thomas G. Habetler, Direct Torque Control for Brushless Doubly-Fed Machines, IEEE Trans. Industry Application, Vol. 32(5) , PP. 1098-1103, Sept/Oct. 1996
[20] 杨顺昌，廖勇，青云，无刷双馈调速电机开环下的性能研究．电工技术学报， 1999(2) ：27～30
[21] 王凤翔，张凤阁，白山，周月华，一种异同步通用无刷交流电机的原理与运行特性，电工 电能新技术，1995(4) ：1～5
[22] 宁玉泉，双馈变速同步电机的工作特性及在蓄电机组的应用，大电机技术，1994(5) ：1～5
[23] 马小亮，电力电子技术在一般工业中的应用， 电气传动，1998(6) ：3～7
[24] 贺益康，交流电机调速系统的计算机仿真，浙江大学出版社，1993
[25] 许大中，贺益康，电机控制，浙江大学出版社，1995
[26] 臧英杰，吴守箴，交流电机的变频调速，中国铁道出版社，1984
[27] 马小亮，大功率交交变频器交流调速及矢量控制，机械工业出版社，1992
[28] 胡崇岳，现代交流调速技术，机械工业出版社，1998
[29] 夏卡梁编著，徐绳均，韩居华，张桂娥译，异步化同步电机，北京：中国电力出版社，1997
[30] 高景德、王祥衍、李发海，交流电机及其系统分析，清华大学出版社，1993
[2] F. Greedy. Some Development in Multi-speed Cascade Induction Motors. J. IEE, 1921, 59:511-532
[3] BROADWAY.A.R.W, and BURBRIDGE. L, Self-cascaded machine: a low-speed motor or high-frequency brushless alternator, Proc. IEE, 1970, 117(7) , PP. 1277-1290．
[4] BROADWAY. A. R. W., Cageless induction machine, Proc. IEE. 1971, 118(11) , PP.1593-1600
[5] BROADWAY. A. R. W, Brushless stator-controlled synchronous-induction machine, Proc. IEEE, 1973, 120(8) , PP. 860-866
[6] BROADWAY. A. W, and G. Thomas, Brushless cascade alternator, Proc. IEE, 1974, 121(12) , PP. 1529-1535
[7] Alan K. Wallace, R. Spee and Hian K. Lauw. Dynamic Modeling of Brushless Doubly-fed Machine. Conference Record of 1988 IEEE Industry Application Soceity Annual Meeting, 1989
[8] Ruqi Li, Alan Wallace and R. Spee. Two-axis Model Development of Cage-rotor Brushless Doubly-fed Machines. IEEE Energy Conversion, 1991, 6(3) :445～452
[9] Dongsheng Zhou, Rene Spee, and Gerald C. Alexander, Experimental Evaluation of a Rotor Flux Orientation Control Algorithm for Brushless Doubly-Fed Machines, IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, Vol. 12(1) , PP. 72-78, Jan. 1997
[10] M. S. Boger, A. K. Wallace, R. Spee, and R. Li, General pole number model of the brushless doubly-fed machine, IEEE Trans. Industry Application, Vol. 31(5) , PP. 1022-1027, Sept/Oct. 1995
[11] A.K. Wallace, P. Rochelle, and R. Spee, Rotor modeling and development for brushless doubly-fed machines, Electric Machines and Power Systems, 23: 703-715, 1995
[12] B. V Gorti, G. C. Alexander, and R. Spee, Power balance considerations for brushless doubly-fed machines, IEEE Trans. Energy conversion, Vol. 11, No.4, Dec. 1996
[13] M. S. Boger, A. K. Wallace, and R. Spee, Investigation of appropriate pole number
combinations for brushless doubly-fed machines applied to pump drives, IEEE Trans., Industry Applications. Vol. 32, No.1, Jan/Feb 1996
[14] L. Xu, L. Zhe, and E. H. Kim, Field-Orientation Control of a Doubly Excited Brushless Reluctance Machine, IEEE Trans, Industry Applications. Vol. 34, No.1, Jan/Feb 1998
[15] M. Boger and A. Wallace, Performance Capability Analysis of the Brushless Doubly-fed Machine as a Wind Generator. Electrical Machine and Drives, IEE, 1995, 14(2) :458～561
[16] Ruqi Li, Rene spec, Alan K. Wallace, and G. C. Alexander, Synchronous drive performance of brushless doubly-fed motors, IEEE Trans. Industry Application, Vol 30(4) , PP. 963-970, 1994
[17] L. XU, F. Liang, and T. A. Lipo, Transient Model of a doubly excited reluctance motor, IEEE. Energy Conversion, Vol. 6(1) , PP. 126-132, 1991
[18] M. S. Boger, A. K. Wallace, R. Spee, and Ruqi Li, General pole number model of brushless doubly-fed machines, IEEE Trans. Industry Application, Vol. 31(5) , PP. 1022-1026, 1995
[19] William R.Brassfield, Rene Spee, and Thomas G. Habetler, Direct Torque Control for Brushless Doubly-Fed Machines, IEEE Trans. Industry Application, Vol. 32(5) , PP. 1098-1103, Sept/Oct. 1996
[20] 杨顺昌，廖勇，青云，无刷双馈调速电机开环下的性能研究．电工技术学报， 1999(2) ：27～30
[21] 王凤翔，张凤阁，白山，周月华，一种异同步通用无刷交流电机的原理与运行特性，电工 电能新技术，1995(4) ：1～5
[22] 宁玉泉，双馈变速同步电机的工作特性及在蓄电机组的应用，大电机技术，1994(5) ：1～5
[23] 马小亮，电力电子技术在一般工业中的应用， 电气传动，1998(6) ：3～7
[24] 贺益康，交流电机调速系统的计算机仿真，浙江大学出版社，1993
[25] 许大中，贺益康，电机控制，浙江大学出版社，1995
[26] 臧英杰，吴守箴，交流电机的变频调速，中国铁道出版社，1984
[27] 马小亮，大功率交交变频器交流调速及矢量控制，机械工业出版社，1992
[28] 胡崇岳，现代交流调速技术，机械工业出版社，1998
[29] 夏卡梁编著，徐绳均，韩居华，张桂娥译，异步化同步电机，北京：中国电力出版社，1997
[30] 高景德、王祥衍、李发海，交流电机及其系统分析，清华大学出版社，1993