金属带无级自动变速传动的关键问题研究
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摘要
本文在国家自然科学基金重点项目(编号：59835160)，国家教委重点项目(教技司(98)121号)，重庆市科委攻关等项目的资助下，对CVT传动的若干关键问题进行了研究，本文的工作为CVT传动的研究、应用和开发奠定了基础。本文的主要研究内容如下：
(1) 研究了CVT轴向偏移与CVT传动参数的基本关系，采用曲面带轮的结构有效地减小了CVT钢带运行过程中的轴向偏移，降低了钢带偏载对CVT传动效率和使用寿命的影响。
(2) 建立了CVT传动多组件的力学模型，解析了多层钢带受力和钢带传动滑移率。研究了CVT参数与传递转矩、传递效率的关系，并找到了提高CVT承载能力和传动效率的途径。
(3) 提出了CVT传动滑移的工程测量方法，研制了相应的测量装置；在实验台上进行了大量的实验，得到了CVT传动速比－夹紧力－传递转矩之间的关系，测试了CVT的传动性能，研究了传动参数对传动滑移率和传动效率的影响。
(4) 研究了CVT对油品的品质需求，并进行了8号液力传动油、ATF油和CVTF油的理化指标和摩擦性能对比测试，实验结果为CVT变速器油的选用提供了参考；用X-射线光电子能谱仪对ZnDDP添加剂的作用机理进行了研究，通过四球磨斑实验，验证了ZnDDP添加剂对自动变速器油的改性作用，为国内CVTF的研制指明了方向。
(5) 研究了CVT的液压系统控制原理，研制了CVT的实验变速箱、CVT变速控制的液压泵站和基于PC机的电控系统，搭建了CVT传动性能实验台，为CVT传动的基础性研究奠定了基础。
(6) 进行了液力变矩器的性能测试，完成了液力变矩器闭锁和解锁控制策略的设计。研制了CVT样机的电液控制性能实验台，完成了控制阀的性能实验，并基于Fuzzy控制算法设计了CVT电控系统的模糊控制器，在实验台架进行了控制参数的整定，并进行了PID控制器和模糊控制器控制性能的分析比较。
(7) 完成了CVT电液控制系统的方案设计，并进行了相关传感器的标定。完成了CVT电控系统的线束设计和小羚羊轿车的线束改造，以及CVT匹配控制的台架实验和装车路试，结果表明，样车研制达到了预期目标。
本文是国家自然科学基金重点项目《机械／流体传动系统的节能及新型传动方式的基础性研究》的重要组成部分。2002年5月8日在重庆大学机械传动国家重点实验室进行了重点项目的验收会，项目总体评价为A级。
By the support of National Nature Science Foundation, some key problems of CVT were investigated, and some useful results were obtained as follows:
(1) The relations between metal-belt misalignment in axial direction and transmission parameters were studied. By designing curved generating line pulley or adjusting the axial displacement of pulley, the degree of misalignment of the metal belt was decreaed.
(2) Mechanics model of multi-layers metal ring and the model of transmission slip ratio were established. The relation between parameters and transmitting torque or efficiency were studied, and the way how to improve the transmitting capacity of CVT and transmission efficiency were also investigated.
(3) A new method of measuring slip ratio of CVT was proposed, and test device was also developped. Some experiments were done on the CVT test bench. The relation of transmission ratio, clipped force of pulley and transmission torque was investigated by experiment. The effects of transmission parameters on the performance and transmission efficiency of CVT were studied.
(4) The characteristic of continuously variable transmission fluid was analysised. The performance of hydraulic transmission fluid No. 8, hyper automatic transmission fluid(ATF), continuously variable transmission fluid(CVTF) were compared. The compared results are the reference of chosing the right fluid in CVT. The mechanism of ZnDDP additive how effects on the performance of CVTF is investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). By analysing the scar of Four Ball Friction Test and XPS photoelectron spectrum. The mechanism of ZnDDP additive effect on friction performance was disclosed.
(5) The principle of CVT hydraulic control is studied. A CVT test box , CVT ratio control hydraulic pump station and electric control system based on personal computer(PC) were developped. A CVT performance test bench was also established.
(6) A performance test of torque converter has been done,and the control strategies of torque converter lock and unlock control were proposed. The performance of hydraulic control valves has been tested on the bench. A CVT controller was proposed based on fuzzy logic alrithmetic. The control parameters were calibratted on the test bench, and the control effections of PID controller and fuzzy controller werecompared.
(7) The electro-hydraulic control scheme has been designed. Some sensors in the CVT system were calibratted. A wire bale of CVT control system and original vehicle wire were designed and revised. A CVT prototype was manufactured and successfully equipped on the car which brand is duiker. Some matching bench test and road test has been finished. And test results are generally well.
(1) 研究了CVT轴向偏移与CVT传动参数的基本关系，采用曲面带轮的结构有效地减小了CVT钢带运行过程中的轴向偏移，降低了钢带偏载对CVT传动效率和使用寿命的影响。
(2) 建立了CVT传动多组件的力学模型，解析了多层钢带受力和钢带传动滑移率。研究了CVT参数与传递转矩、传递效率的关系，并找到了提高CVT承载能力和传动效率的途径。
(3) 提出了CVT传动滑移的工程测量方法，研制了相应的测量装置；在实验台上进行了大量的实验，得到了CVT传动速比－夹紧力－传递转矩之间的关系，测试了CVT的传动性能，研究了传动参数对传动滑移率和传动效率的影响。
(4) 研究了CVT对油品的品质需求，并进行了8号液力传动油、ATF油和CVTF油的理化指标和摩擦性能对比测试，实验结果为CVT变速器油的选用提供了参考；用X-射线光电子能谱仪对ZnDDP添加剂的作用机理进行了研究，通过四球磨斑实验，验证了ZnDDP添加剂对自动变速器油的改性作用，为国内CVTF的研制指明了方向。
(5) 研究了CVT的液压系统控制原理，研制了CVT的实验变速箱、CVT变速控制的液压泵站和基于PC机的电控系统，搭建了CVT传动性能实验台，为CVT传动的基础性研究奠定了基础。
(6) 进行了液力变矩器的性能测试，完成了液力变矩器闭锁和解锁控制策略的设计。研制了CVT样机的电液控制性能实验台，完成了控制阀的性能实验，并基于Fuzzy控制算法设计了CVT电控系统的模糊控制器，在实验台架进行了控制参数的整定，并进行了PID控制器和模糊控制器控制性能的分析比较。
(7) 完成了CVT电液控制系统的方案设计，并进行了相关传感器的标定。完成了CVT电控系统的线束设计和小羚羊轿车的线束改造，以及CVT匹配控制的台架实验和装车路试，结果表明，样车研制达到了预期目标。
By the support of National Nature Science Foundation, some key problems of CVT were investigated, and some useful results were obtained as follows:
(1) The relations between metal-belt misalignment in axial direction and transmission parameters were studied. By designing curved generating line pulley or adjusting the axial displacement of pulley, the degree of misalignment of the metal belt was decreaed.
(2) Mechanics model of multi-layers metal ring and the model of transmission slip ratio were established. The relation between parameters and transmitting torque or efficiency were studied, and the way how to improve the transmitting capacity of CVT and transmission efficiency were also investigated.
(3) A new method of measuring slip ratio of CVT was proposed, and test device was also developped. Some experiments were done on the CVT test bench. The relation of transmission ratio, clipped force of pulley and transmission torque was investigated by experiment. The effects of transmission parameters on the performance and transmission efficiency of CVT were studied.
(4) The characteristic of continuously variable transmission fluid was analysised. The performance of hydraulic transmission fluid No. 8, hyper automatic transmission fluid(ATF), continuously variable transmission fluid(CVTF) were compared. The compared results are the reference of chosing the right fluid in CVT. The mechanism of ZnDDP additive how effects on the performance of CVTF is investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). By analysing the scar of Four Ball Friction Test and XPS photoelectron spectrum. The mechanism of ZnDDP additive effect on friction performance was disclosed.
(5) The principle of CVT hydraulic control is studied. A CVT test box , CVT ratio control hydraulic pump station and electric control system based on personal computer(PC) were developped. A CVT performance test bench was also established.
(6) A performance test of torque converter has been done,and the control strategies of torque converter lock and unlock control were proposed. The performance of hydraulic control valves has been tested on the bench. A CVT controller was proposed based on fuzzy logic alrithmetic. The control parameters were calibratted on the test bench, and the control effections of PID controller and fuzzy controller were
(7) The electro-hydraulic control scheme has been designed. Some sensors in the CVT system were calibratted. A wire bale of CVT control system and original vehicle wire were designed and revised. A CVT prototype was manufactured and successfully equipped on the car which brand is duiker. Some matching bench test and road test has been finished. And test results are generally well.
引文
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附件1 作者在攻读博士学位期间发表的学术论文目录
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(8) Qin Datong ,Wei Yang,Yalian Yang.Study on the vibration characteristic of metal-belt continuously variable transmission in the transitional states. The JSME International Conference on Motion and Power Transmissions.15-17, Nov,2001,Fukuoka,Japan:703~707
(9) Qin Datong ,Wei Yang,Yalian Yang.Experimental Modality Study on the Key parts of Metal Pushing Belt Type continuously Variable Transmission System.The international Conference on transmission,5-8,April 2001，Chongqing University, China：492~495 (ISTP 收录)
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附件1 作者在攻读博士学位期间发表的学术论文目录
(1) Yalian Yang ,Datong Qin,Wei Yang,Jianjun Hu.The slip characteristic of metal-belt continuously variable transmission.The JSME International Conference on Motion and Power Transmissions.15-17, Nov,2001,Fukuoka,Japan:714~717
(2) Yalian Yang,Datong Qin,Wei Yang.Experiment investigation into the performance of metal-belt type continuously variable transmission.The international Conference on transmission,5-8,April 2001，Chongqing University, China,2001：521~524 (ISTP 收录)
(3) 杨亚联，秦大同，孙冬野，杨为. 金属带无级变速器传动性能的试验研究. 机械工程学报. 2002, 5 (已录用)
(4) 杨亚联, 秦大同,王红岩等.CVT无级变速传动钢带的轴向偏移分析.重庆大学学报. 1999,22(6):1~5
(5) 杨亚联，秦大同，谢勇. 汽车无级变速器的类型及基本原理. 汽车技术. 1997,3：57～59
(6) 杨亚联，秦大同，李贤新. 高炉料流调节数字泵控制系统. 机床与液压.1999,2：47～48
(7) 杨亚联，秦大同，孙冬野. 焊接钢管自动化水压试验系统改造. 机床与液压. 1999,6：76～77
(8) Qin Datong ,Wei Yang,Yalian Yang.Study on the vibration characteristic of metal-belt continuously variable transmission in the transitional states. The JSME International Conference on Motion and Power Transmissions.15-17, Nov,2001,Fukuoka,Japan:703~707
(9) Qin Datong ,Wei Yang,Yalian Yang.Experimental Modality Study on the Key parts of Metal Pushing Belt Type continuously Variable Transmission System.The international Conference on transmission,5-8,April 2001，Chongqing University, China：492~495 (ISTP 收录)
(10) Yang W ,D Qin，Y Yang.Study on the vibration characteristic of the metal pushing belt continuously variable transmission.Proceeding of the international Conference on Gearing, Transmissions and Mechanical Systems，3-6，July 2000，UK：583～591 (ISTP 收录)
(11) Hu Jianjun ,Datong Qin,Yalian Yang.Study on the fuzzy control strategy of continuously variable transmission for automobile.The JSME International Conference on Motion and Power Transmissions.15-17, Nov,2001,Fukuoka,Japan:724~729
(12) 孙冬野, 秦大同, 杨亚联.金属带式无级变速传动的运动学和动力学分析.重庆大学学报.1998,21(4)
(13) 孙冬野, 秦大同, 杨亚联.金属带式无级变速传动(CVT)装置关键件结构强度分析.机械传动.1998,22(4):28~31
(14) 秦大同, 刘世明,王红岩,杨亚联.金属带式无级变速传动的动力学分析.机械工程学报.2000,36(3): 65~ 68
(15) 孙冬野, 秦大同,胡建军, 杨亚联.汽车金属带-行星齿轮无级传动系统同步点振动控制研究.机械工程学报.2000,36(7): 43~ 47
(16) 刘振军, 秦大同,胡建军, 杨亚联.轿车用液力变矩器性能实验分析.重庆大学学报.2002, 25(2): 103~105, 119