基于嵌入式系统的静止无功补偿装置的设计
摘要
对静止无功补偿装置进行了研究,并就固体交流开关投切电容器补偿装置展开深入讨论,给出了基于IGBT的电容器投切补偿装置的设计方案,实现对电力系统的静止无功补偿。
首先研究了的固体交流开关投切电容器的基本原理,包括接线方式,无功电流检测方法,投切电容时刻的选择等。设计了基于嵌入式操作系统Windows CE,以IGBT做交流开关的电容器投切补偿装置的软硬件系统。WinCE操作系统是应用于嵌入式系统的实时操作系统,具有高可靠性,高实时性,高稳定性的特点,通过对其剪裁和定制其核心可以做到仅需500kB的ROM和250kB的RAM,可应用于不同的嵌入式芯片,有利于静止无功补偿装置的稳定运行和对于软硬件资源的合理调度。基于IGBT的交流开关能够改善投切电容器装置的开关特性和可控性,有利于提高其补偿性能。
基于上述软硬件系统,设计了基于IGBT的电容器投切补偿装置的实验装置,并对其性能进行了实验分析。其中包括电网电压电流的数据采集和无功参数的计算实验,Windows CE操作系统的定制和应用程序的开发实验以及补偿装置的任意电容残压投切实验、响应命令速度实验和补偿装置的补偿性能实验。
通过实验证明,设计的基于IGBT的电容器投切补偿装置能够实现补偿电力系统无功功率的作用,并且在可操作性、可控性,响应命令速度方面与传统的晶闸管投切电容器相比有优势。
Static var compensator(SVC) is studied in this paper, especially on thyristor switched capacitor(TSC), and a scheme of the device that switchs capacitor to compensate var based on IGBT is proposed to compensate static var for power system.
First the theory of TSC is studied, including connection model, the method to detect var current, how to select the timing to switch capacitor, and so on. A system of the device that switch capacitor to compensate var and has AC switch based IGBT including software and hardware is designed, based on Windows CE operating system. WinCE is a real time operating system for embedded system, that has many tools to develop graphical interfaces, and its core can be reduced to 500kB ROM and 250kB RAM by customizing, that can be used in many embedded chips. It is propitious to develop interfaces for SVC. Switching and controlling performance can be improved by AC switch based IGBT.
With the system designed above, the experimental device that switch capacitor to compensate var based on IGBT is developed in this paper. And various kinds of characteristic are experimented, including voltage and current data sampling of power system, var parameter computing, WinCE operating system customizing and application developing, and performance of compensator such as capacitor switching at random rudimental capacitor voltage, speed of answering control command, and so on.
It is proved by the experiment that the device that switch capacitor based on IGBT designed in the paper can compensate power system var properly, and has advantage on operating and controlling performance, and the speed of answering control command over TSC.
首先研究了的固体交流开关投切电容器的基本原理,包括接线方式,无功电流检测方法,投切电容时刻的选择等。设计了基于嵌入式操作系统Windows CE,以IGBT做交流开关的电容器投切补偿装置的软硬件系统。WinCE操作系统是应用于嵌入式系统的实时操作系统,具有高可靠性,高实时性,高稳定性的特点,通过对其剪裁和定制其核心可以做到仅需500kB的ROM和250kB的RAM,可应用于不同的嵌入式芯片,有利于静止无功补偿装置的稳定运行和对于软硬件资源的合理调度。基于IGBT的交流开关能够改善投切电容器装置的开关特性和可控性,有利于提高其补偿性能。
基于上述软硬件系统,设计了基于IGBT的电容器投切补偿装置的实验装置,并对其性能进行了实验分析。其中包括电网电压电流的数据采集和无功参数的计算实验,Windows CE操作系统的定制和应用程序的开发实验以及补偿装置的任意电容残压投切实验、响应命令速度实验和补偿装置的补偿性能实验。
通过实验证明,设计的基于IGBT的电容器投切补偿装置能够实现补偿电力系统无功功率的作用,并且在可操作性、可控性,响应命令速度方面与传统的晶闸管投切电容器相比有优势。
Static var compensator(SVC) is studied in this paper, especially on thyristor switched capacitor(TSC), and a scheme of the device that switchs capacitor to compensate var based on IGBT is proposed to compensate static var for power system.
First the theory of TSC is studied, including connection model, the method to detect var current, how to select the timing to switch capacitor, and so on. A system of the device that switch capacitor to compensate var and has AC switch based IGBT including software and hardware is designed, based on Windows CE operating system. WinCE is a real time operating system for embedded system, that has many tools to develop graphical interfaces, and its core can be reduced to 500kB ROM and 250kB RAM by customizing, that can be used in many embedded chips. It is propitious to develop interfaces for SVC. Switching and controlling performance can be improved by AC switch based IGBT.
With the system designed above, the experimental device that switch capacitor to compensate var based on IGBT is developed in this paper. And various kinds of characteristic are experimented, including voltage and current data sampling of power system, var parameter computing, WinCE operating system customizing and application developing, and performance of compensator such as capacitor switching at random rudimental capacitor voltage, speed of answering control command, and so on.
It is proved by the experiment that the device that switch capacitor based on IGBT designed in the paper can compensate power system var properly, and has advantage on operating and controlling performance, and the speed of answering control command over TSC.
引文
[1]张刘春,韩玉成,张守玉.无功补偿装置的现状和发展趋势[J].太原重型机械学院学报,2004,1(25):30-33.
[2]王兆安,等.谐波抑制与无功功率补偿[M].第二版.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[3]谢小荣,蒋齐荣.柔性交流输电系统的原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.
[4]汪兵,李存斌,陈鹏,等.EVC高级编程及其应用[M].北京:中国水利:水电出版社,2005.
[5]车前里,唐寅生.静止无功补偿装置的实用化技术与措施[J].电力设备,2006,6(7):32-36.
[6]周奖.静止无功补偿装置的综述[J].广西大学学报,2006,增刊(28):103-104.
[7]Kwang M.Son,etc.Coordination of an SVC with a ULTC reserving compensation margin for emergency control[J].Power Industry Computer Applications,1999,5:343-348.
[8]Hedayati M.Technical specification and requirements of static Var compensation (SVC)protection consist of TCR,TSC and combined TCR/TSC[C].Universities Power Engineering Conference,39th,2004:261-264.
[9]Ahmed.T,Nishida.K,Soushin.K,Nakaoka.M.Static VAR compensator-based voltage control implementation of single-phase self-excited induction generator[C].Generation,Transmission and Distribution,IEE Proceedings,2005,4:145-156.
[10]Zemerick.S,Klinkhachorn.P,Feliachi.A.Design of a microprocessor-controlled personal static Var compensator(PSVC)[C].Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,IEEE,2002,7(3):1468-1473.
[11]Ahmed.T,etc.Minimumexcitation capacitance requirements for wind turbine coupled stand-alone self-excited induction generator with voltage regulation based on SVC[C].Telecommunications Energy Conference,25th,2003:396-403.
[12]Baoliang Sheng,etc.Synthetic test circuits for the operational tests of TCR and TSC thyristor valves[C].Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition,2008:1-5.
[13]黄绍平,彭晓,浣喜明.TSC无功补偿装置的设计[J].高压电器,2003,6(39):33-35.
[14]谷永刚,等.晶闸管投切电容器(TSC)技术的研究现状与发展[J].电力电子技术,2003,2(37):85-88.
[15]刘晖.浅析TSC无功补偿装置[J].电力电容器,2007,3(28):13-15,39.
[16]邱海锋,周浩.电力系统无功测量方法综述[J].电测与仪表,2007,493(44):5-9.
[17]富致超,赵志华,等.对“积分法移相测无功功率”的进一步研究[J].电测与仪表,2005,42(10):5-7.
[18]李淳,李建林,张仲超.谐波及无功电流检测方法对比分析[J].电源技术应用,2005,8(7):464-468.
[19]王仲初,陈国民.用DSP实现无功电流检测的一种简单方法[J].电气应用,2005,3(24):92-94,112.
[20]蔡丽娟,刘伟达.IGBT型固态开关技术的研究[J].大众科技,2007,9:147-148.
[21]R.J.Richter-Sand,R.J.Adler,K.Rust.High voltage high power klystron drivers using flexible solid state IGBT modules[J].Power Modulator Symposium,2000:165-170.
[22]王昊,李昕.集成运放应用电路设计360例[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007
[23]LPC2101/2102/2103 datasheet.
[24]S3C2410 datasheet
[25]吴金宏,倪向阳,吴昊.霍尔电压电流传感器变送器模块的性能及应用[J].国外电子元器件,2001,1:12-15.
[26]沈红秋,刘颖,李来伟.提高在线电测仪表及现场检验仪表准确度的探讨[J].电力设备,2005,7(6):25-28.
[27]袁国胜,刘浙华.霍尔效应测量大电流的理论探讨[J].中国测试技术,2005,2(31):15-17.
[28]翟华富,唐涛.霍尔效应在直流电压隔离传送中的应用[J].物理实验,2007,2(27):16-18.
[29]VSM500D datasheet
[30]胡卫兵,李开成.电力系统实时相位同步方法的研究与比较[J].电测与仪表,2007,8(44):1-4.
[31]EXB841 datasheet.
[32]孟志强,等.基于EXB841的IGBT驱动电路优化设计[J].湖南大学学报,2006,6(33):63-67.
[33]胡俊达.IGBT的驱动与保护电路[J].电机电器技术,2003,6:37-40.
[34]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[35]熊江.三种嵌入式操作系统的分析与比较[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2003 年合订本(1-6):15-18.
[36]刘顺兰,吴杰.数字信号处理[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003.
[37]从玉良,王宏志.数字信号处理原理及其MATLAB实现[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[38]何宗键.Windows CE嵌入式系统[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.
[39]张冬泉,等.Windows CE实用开发技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[40]周毓林,等.Windows CE.NET内核定制及应用开发[M].北京.电子工业出版社,2005.
[41]郁发新.常用嵌入式实时操作系统比较分析[J].计算机应用,2006,4(26):761-764.
[42]周立功.ARM&WinCE实验与实践--基于S3C2410[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007.
[43]Jiang min.A Design of Embedded Terminal Unit Based on ARM and Windows CE[C].The Eighth International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments,2007,8(2):336-340.
[44]M.R.George,W.F.Wong.Windows CE for a reconfigurable system-on-a-chip processor [C].2004 IEEE International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology,2004:201-207.
[45]Hui Fang,Yong He.Field information fast collection and real-time processing system based on palm-sized PC[C].Fifth World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation,2004,6(4):3045-3049.
[46]Suhua Xiao,etc.An Open Architecture Numerical Control System Based on Windows CE[C].IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation,2007:1237-1240.
[47]R.Mohan Mathur(加拿大),Rajiv K.Varma(印度)著,徐政译.基于晶闸管的柔性交流输电控制装置[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[48]周立功,张华,等.深入浅出ARM7-LPC213x/214x(上册)[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[49]何立民.12C总线应用系统设计[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1995.
[50]康劲松,陶生桂,王新奇.大功率IGBT直流特性和动态特性的PSPICE仿真.同济大学学报[J],2002,6(30):710-714.
[51]王刚.车载GPS导航系统的设计与实现[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2006,10.
[52]陈小丹.基于ARM和DSP的嵌入式DVR硬件设计[D].广州:华南理工大学,2006.10.
[53]周建丰,顾亚琴.无功补偿装置的发展和性能比较[J].四川电力技术,2007,4(30):59-62.
[54]张薇琳,张波,丘东元.电力电子开关器件仿真模型分析和比较[J].电气应用,2007,9(26):64-67.
[55]靳建峰,等.正弦曲线拟合积算法在动态无功补偿装置中的应用[J].电力电容器,2007,6(28):1-5.
[56]张立志,赵冬梅.考虑FACTS配置的电网输电能力计算[J].电网技术,2007,7(31):26-31.
[57]占勇,李光熹,刘志超,等.计及FACTS装置的最大输电能力[J].电力系统自动化,2001,25(5):23-26.
[2]王兆安,等.谐波抑制与无功功率补偿[M].第二版.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[3]谢小荣,蒋齐荣.柔性交流输电系统的原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.
[4]汪兵,李存斌,陈鹏,等.EVC高级编程及其应用[M].北京:中国水利:水电出版社,2005.
[5]车前里,唐寅生.静止无功补偿装置的实用化技术与措施[J].电力设备,2006,6(7):32-36.
[6]周奖.静止无功补偿装置的综述[J].广西大学学报,2006,增刊(28):103-104.
[7]Kwang M.Son,etc.Coordination of an SVC with a ULTC reserving compensation margin for emergency control[J].Power Industry Computer Applications,1999,5:343-348.
[8]Hedayati M.Technical specification and requirements of static Var compensation (SVC)protection consist of TCR,TSC and combined TCR/TSC[C].Universities Power Engineering Conference,39th,2004:261-264.
[9]Ahmed.T,Nishida.K,Soushin.K,Nakaoka.M.Static VAR compensator-based voltage control implementation of single-phase self-excited induction generator[C].Generation,Transmission and Distribution,IEE Proceedings,2005,4:145-156.
[10]Zemerick.S,Klinkhachorn.P,Feliachi.A.Design of a microprocessor-controlled personal static Var compensator(PSVC)[C].Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,IEEE,2002,7(3):1468-1473.
[11]Ahmed.T,etc.Minimumexcitation capacitance requirements for wind turbine coupled stand-alone self-excited induction generator with voltage regulation based on SVC[C].Telecommunications Energy Conference,25th,2003:396-403.
[12]Baoliang Sheng,etc.Synthetic test circuits for the operational tests of TCR and TSC thyristor valves[C].Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition,2008:1-5.
[13]黄绍平,彭晓,浣喜明.TSC无功补偿装置的设计[J].高压电器,2003,6(39):33-35.
[14]谷永刚,等.晶闸管投切电容器(TSC)技术的研究现状与发展[J].电力电子技术,2003,2(37):85-88.
[15]刘晖.浅析TSC无功补偿装置[J].电力电容器,2007,3(28):13-15,39.
[16]邱海锋,周浩.电力系统无功测量方法综述[J].电测与仪表,2007,493(44):5-9.
[17]富致超,赵志华,等.对“积分法移相测无功功率”的进一步研究[J].电测与仪表,2005,42(10):5-7.
[18]李淳,李建林,张仲超.谐波及无功电流检测方法对比分析[J].电源技术应用,2005,8(7):464-468.
[19]王仲初,陈国民.用DSP实现无功电流检测的一种简单方法[J].电气应用,2005,3(24):92-94,112.
[20]蔡丽娟,刘伟达.IGBT型固态开关技术的研究[J].大众科技,2007,9:147-148.
[21]R.J.Richter-Sand,R.J.Adler,K.Rust.High voltage high power klystron drivers using flexible solid state IGBT modules[J].Power Modulator Symposium,2000:165-170.
[22]王昊,李昕.集成运放应用电路设计360例[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007
[23]LPC2101/2102/2103 datasheet.
[24]S3C2410 datasheet
[25]吴金宏,倪向阳,吴昊.霍尔电压电流传感器变送器模块的性能及应用[J].国外电子元器件,2001,1:12-15.
[26]沈红秋,刘颖,李来伟.提高在线电测仪表及现场检验仪表准确度的探讨[J].电力设备,2005,7(6):25-28.
[27]袁国胜,刘浙华.霍尔效应测量大电流的理论探讨[J].中国测试技术,2005,2(31):15-17.
[28]翟华富,唐涛.霍尔效应在直流电压隔离传送中的应用[J].物理实验,2007,2(27):16-18.
[29]VSM500D datasheet
[30]胡卫兵,李开成.电力系统实时相位同步方法的研究与比较[J].电测与仪表,2007,8(44):1-4.
[31]EXB841 datasheet.
[32]孟志强,等.基于EXB841的IGBT驱动电路优化设计[J].湖南大学学报,2006,6(33):63-67.
[33]胡俊达.IGBT的驱动与保护电路[J].电机电器技术,2003,6:37-40.
[34]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[35]熊江.三种嵌入式操作系统的分析与比较[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2003 年合订本(1-6):15-18.
[36]刘顺兰,吴杰.数字信号处理[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003.
[37]从玉良,王宏志.数字信号处理原理及其MATLAB实现[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[38]何宗键.Windows CE嵌入式系统[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.
[39]张冬泉,等.Windows CE实用开发技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[40]周毓林,等.Windows CE.NET内核定制及应用开发[M].北京.电子工业出版社,2005.
[41]郁发新.常用嵌入式实时操作系统比较分析[J].计算机应用,2006,4(26):761-764.
[42]周立功.ARM&WinCE实验与实践--基于S3C2410[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007.
[43]Jiang min.A Design of Embedded Terminal Unit Based on ARM and Windows CE[C].The Eighth International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments,2007,8(2):336-340.
[44]M.R.George,W.F.Wong.Windows CE for a reconfigurable system-on-a-chip processor [C].2004 IEEE International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology,2004:201-207.
[45]Hui Fang,Yong He.Field information fast collection and real-time processing system based on palm-sized PC[C].Fifth World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation,2004,6(4):3045-3049.
[46]Suhua Xiao,etc.An Open Architecture Numerical Control System Based on Windows CE[C].IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation,2007:1237-1240.
[47]R.Mohan Mathur(加拿大),Rajiv K.Varma(印度)著,徐政译.基于晶闸管的柔性交流输电控制装置[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[48]周立功,张华,等.深入浅出ARM7-LPC213x/214x(上册)[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[49]何立民.12C总线应用系统设计[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1995.
[50]康劲松,陶生桂,王新奇.大功率IGBT直流特性和动态特性的PSPICE仿真.同济大学学报[J],2002,6(30):710-714.
[51]王刚.车载GPS导航系统的设计与实现[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2006,10.
[52]陈小丹.基于ARM和DSP的嵌入式DVR硬件设计[D].广州:华南理工大学,2006.10.
[53]周建丰,顾亚琴.无功补偿装置的发展和性能比较[J].四川电力技术,2007,4(30):59-62.
[54]张薇琳,张波,丘东元.电力电子开关器件仿真模型分析和比较[J].电气应用,2007,9(26):64-67.
[55]靳建峰,等.正弦曲线拟合积算法在动态无功补偿装置中的应用[J].电力电容器,2007,6(28):1-5.
[56]张立志,赵冬梅.考虑FACTS配置的电网输电能力计算[J].电网技术,2007,7(31):26-31.
[57]占勇,李光熹,刘志超,等.计及FACTS装置的最大输电能力[J].电力系统自动化,2001,25(5):23-26.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |