纳米流体热质传递机理及光学特性研究
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摘要
1995年,美国Argonne国家实验室的Choi在国际上首次提出了纳米流体的概念：即以一定的方式和比例在液体中添加纳米级的金属或非金属氧化物粒子,形成一类新的传热冷却工质。纳米流体的概念一经提出,立即引起了国内外研究者的关注。作为一种新型的功能流体,纳米流体拥有一些特殊的性质。纳米流体的传热特性、传质特性以及光学特性是其三个重要的物性,已有的实验研究已经表明纳米流体在传热、传质以及光学领域有很好的应用前景。目前,人们对于纳米流体的研究还不够深入,纳米流体各种特性的机理尚不清楚。进一步开展纳米流体各种特性的机理研究,有助于加深人们对纳米流体的认知,能够促进纳米流体的工程应用,是非常有意义的工作。本文围绕纳米流体的传热、传质以及光学特性开展了研究工作,探索了纳米流体的导热机理、传质机理以及光吸收特性机理,为纳米流体的应用提供了理论指导。本文的主要工作包括以下几个方面：
1.纳米流体导热机理的研究
自纳米流体的概念被提出以来,人们就一直关注纳米流体的传热特性。研究者们对纳米流体的导热系数进行了大量的实验及理论研究。实验结果表明纳米流体的导热系数比基液的导热系数有了很可观的提高。人们考虑各种因素,提出了很多理论模型来解释纳米流体的导热机理,但目前还没有一种完善的理论。纳米流体内部的能量传递是一个非常复杂的过程,传统的导热模型不能解释纳米流体中的传热过程。要搞清楚纳米流体的导热机理,还需要进一步更深入的研究。
本文首先对已经报道的关于纳米流体导热系数的研究结果进行了分析总结,搞清楚了影响纳米流体导热系数的各种因素。纳米流体的导热系数可以看作静态导热系数与动态导热系数之和。本文综合考虑影响纳米流体导热系数的各种因素,分别建立了纳米流体的静态导热系数模型和动态导热系数模型。利用本文建立的理论模型,结合实验结果对纳米流体的导热机理进行了研究,搞清楚了影响纳米流体导热系数的主要因素。对于纳米粒子具有磁性的纳米磁流体,其导热系数在外加磁场作用下是各向异性的。目前关于这方面的理论研究很少,本文结合了纳米磁流体微结构的动力学模拟以及纳米流体的静态导热系数模型,对纳米磁流体的各向异性导热机理进行了研究。首先详细分析了纳米磁流体中磁性粒子受到的各种作用力,建立了磁粒子受力模型及运动方程。在此基础上,运用动力学方法模拟了在有、无外加磁场作用两种情况下纳米磁流体的微观聚集结构。然后利用纳米流体的静态导热模型计算了不同结构的纳米磁流体的各向异性导热系数。研究结果表明,外加磁场作用下磁性粒子沿着磁场方向形成了链状结构,这种链状结构为流体内部的传热提供了有效的通路,使得纳米磁流体在沿着链方向的导热系数大于垂直于链方向的导热系数,纳米磁流体导热系数的各向异性特征会随着外加磁场强度的增大而变得更加明显。
2.纳米流体强化传质研究
关于纳米流体强化传质的研究处于起步阶段,研究结果比较少。本文从理论和实验两个方面对纳米流体的传质过程进行了探索,较为完整地研究了纳米流体的强化传质机理。
(1)理论研究方面
分析了悬浮纳米粒子的布朗运动对于纳米流体内部传质过程的影响,并根据热质比拟理论,得到了纳米流体有效传质扩散系数的准则方程。通过对纳米流体传质过程的理论分析,搞清楚了影响纳米流体传质扩散系数的主要因素。
(2)实验研究方面
根据Taylor分散法的思路,设计出了能够定量测量纳米流体传质扩散系数的实验系统。测量了不同温度(15℃、20℃、25℃)条件下罗丹明B在不同粒子体积份额(0.1%～0.5%)的Cu-水以及Cu-乙二醇纳米流体中的扩散系数,研究了纳米流体中粒子体积份额、温度以及基液属性等因素对传质的影响。结果表明悬浮纳米粒子的不规则运动强化了基液内的传质过程。罗丹明B在纳米流体中的扩散系数要大于其在基液中的扩散系数,且扩散系数随着粒子体积份额的增大而增大。当粒子体积份额相同时,扩散系数随着温度的升高而增大。罗丹明B在Cu-水纳米流体中的扩散系数要大于其在Cu-乙二醇纳米流体中的扩散系数。
本文对纳米流体强化传质所做的理论和实验上的探索性工作,帮助我们搞清楚了影响纳米流体传质的一些主要因素,对于促进纳米流体在工程中的应用起到了指导作用。
3.纳米流体光学特性研究
影响纳米流体光学特性的重要参数是纳米流体的消光系数。本文从实验和理论两个方面对纳米流体的消光系数进行了研究。由于纳米磁流体有特殊的磁光效应,其在光学领域的应用前景比普通的纳米流体更加广泛。本文用新建的理论模型重点研究了纳米磁流体在外加磁场作用下的光学各向异性机理。
(1)实验研究方面
根据薄膜透射原理,建立了可以测量纳米流体消光系数的实验方法。首先用该方法测量了水在不同波长下的消光系数,并与文献值进行了对比。分析表明该实验方法适合测量纳米流体的消光系数,有较高的精度。然后用该方法测量了不同粒子体积份额的Fe304-水纳米流体的消光系数,为接下来的理论研究提供了实验数据。
(2)理论研究方面
建立理论模型,引入了T矩阵算法,考虑纳米流体中粒子的聚集结构特性以及粒子之间的多次散射,建立了一种可以精确计算纳米流体消光系数的理论方法。用该方法对不同体积份额的Fe3O4-水纳米流体的消光系数进行了计算,并与本文的实验结果进行了对比。计算结果与实验结果符合的很好。为了研究纳米磁流体的光学各向异性机理,首先利用本文所建立的动力学方法模拟得到了纳米磁流体在外加磁场作用下的微观结构,然后用本文的理论方法计算得到了纳米磁流体各向异性的消光系数。利用该方法分析了粒子粒径、体积份额、外加磁场等因素对纳米磁流体消光系数的影响。研究结果表明：在外加磁场作用下,磁性纳米粒子会沿着磁场方向形成链状聚集结构,正是这种各向异性的聚集结构导致了纳米磁流体的消光系数出现了各向异性特征。在平行于磁场方向,纳米磁流体的消光系数小于不加磁场时的值,且消光系数随着磁场强度的增大而减小,直到达到恒定值；在垂直于磁场方向,若入射光的偏振方向与磁场方向平行,纳米磁流体的消光系数大于不加磁场时的值,且消光系数随着磁场强度的增大而增大；若入射光的偏振方向与磁场方向垂直,纳米磁流体的消光系数小于不加磁场时的值,且消光系数随着磁场强度的增大而减小。
In1995, the concept of nanofluids was first proposed by Choi who was worked at Argonne National Laboratory of the United States. Nanofluids refer to a new class of heat transfer fluids by suspending nanoscaled metallic or nonmetallic particles in base fluids. Since the born of nanofluids, it had attracted the attention of researchers. As a new type of functional fluids, nanofluids have some special characters. The heat and mass transfer characters and the optical character are three of the most important characters of nanofluids. Reported experimental studies have shown that nanofluids have a good prospect of application in heat and mass transfer and optical engineering. So far, our knowledge about nanofluids is not deep enough to explain the special characters of nanofluids. Further studies about the characters of nanofluids are necessary. The research work of this paper focuses on the heat and mass transfer characters and the optical character of nanofluids. The mechanisms of heat conduction, mass transfer and the optical absorption of nanofluids are investigated to provide theoretical guidance for the application of nanofluids. The main research work of this paper includes the following aspects.
1Research on the mechanism of heat conduction of nanofluids
Since the concept of nanofluids have been proposed, many attentions have been paid to the heat transfer character of nanofluids. A lot of experimental researches about the thermal conductivity of nanofluids have been reported. Experimental results showed that the thermal conductivity of nanofluids is remarkably higher than that of base fluid. Considering various factors, researchers had proposed many theoretic models to explain the mechanism of the thermal conductivity of nanofluids. But there is not a perfect model, the mechanism is still unclear. In order to make the heat conduction mechanism of nanofluids clear, further research is needed.
Based on analyzing the reported researches about the thermal conductivity of nanofluids, the factors which affect the thermal conductivity of nanofluids were summarized. The thermal conductivity of the nanofluids can be regarded as the sum of the static thermal conductivity and the dynamic thermal conductivity. In this paper, by considering the various factors which affect the thermal conductivity of nanofluids, the static thermal conductivity model and the dynamic thermal conductivity model of nanofluids are proposed. The heat conduction mechanism of nanofluids is studied by the proposed thermal conductivity model and the main factors which affect the thermal conductivity of nanofluids are found. The thermal conductivity of magnetic nanofluids is anisotropic in the presence of an external magnetic field because of the magnetic nanoparticles. At present, few theoretical studies about this have been reported. In this paper, combining the dynamics simulation of magnetic nanofluids' microstructure and the static thermal conductivity model of nanofluids, the anisotropic heat conduction mechanism of magnetic nanofluids is studied. First, the force models and motion equations of magnetic particles are established by considering the various forces acting on the magnetic particles. On this basis, the microstructures of magnetic nanofluids in the presence of different magnetic field are obtained by dynamics simulations. Then, the anisotropic thermal conductivity of magnetic nanofluids is calculated by the static thermal conductivity of nanofluids. The results show that in the presence of an external magnetic field, the magnetic particles form chain-like structures along the direction of the magnetic field. The chain-like structures provide an effective heat transfer pathway in the fluid so that the thermal conductivity of magnetic nanofluids along the chain direction is bigger than that perpendicular to the chain direction. The anisotropic feature of the thermal conductivity becomes more evident with increasing the external magnetic field strength.
2Research on the enhanced mass transfer of nanofluids
The study of mass transfer of nanofluids is in the initial stage, few researches about this have been reported. This paper studies the mechanism of mass transfer of nanofluids from both theoretical and experimental aspects.
(1) Theoretical research
The effect of Brownian motion of the suspended nanoparticles on the mass transfer of nanofluids is analyzed. Based on the similarity theory of heat and mass transfer, the criterion equation of effective mass diffusivity of nanofluids is proposed. By the theoretical analysis of mass transfer in nanofluids, the main factors which affect the mass diffusivity of nanofluids are found.
(2) Experimental research
According to the idea of the Taylor dispersion method, an experimental system for measuring the mass diffusivity of nanofluids is devised. In order to investigate the effect of particle volume fraction, temperature and the base fluid properties on the mass diffusivity of nanofluids, we measured the mass diffusivities of Rhodamine B in both Cu-water and Cu-ethylene glycol nanofluids at different temperatures (15℃,20℃,25℃). The particle volume fraction of the nanofluids is from0.1%to0.5%. The experimental results show that the mass transfer in fluid is strengthened by the suspended nanoparticles. The mass diffusivity of Rhodamine B in nanofluids is larger than that in base fluid and the mass diffusivity increases with increasing the particle volume fraction. For a given particle volume fraction, the mass diffusivity increases with the increasing the temperature. The mass diffusivity of Rhodamine B in Cu-water nanofluids is greater than that in Cu-glycol nanofluids.
The exploratory work in this paper on the mass transfer of nanofluids has figured out the key factors that affect the mass transfer of nanofluids. This work plays a guiding role in promoting the application of nanofluids in engineering.
3Research on the optical character of nanofluids
The extinction coefficient of nanofluids is an important parameter which affects the optical character of nanofluids. In this paper, the extinction coefficient of nanofluids is studied from both experimental and theoretical aspects. Because of the special magneto-optical effects, the magnetic nanofluids are more applicable in optical engineering than the ordinary nanofluids. In this paper, the optical anisotropy mechanism of magnetic nanofluids is researched by the new theoretical model.
(1) Experimental research
Based on the film transmission principle, the experimental method for measuring the extinction coefficient of nanofluids is established. The extinction coefficients of the water at different wavelengths are measured and compared to the literature value. The results indicate that the present method is suitable for measuring the extinction coefficient of the nanofluids and has high accuracy. Then the extinction coefficients of Fe3O4-water nanofluid with different particle volume fractions are measured for providing experimental data for the next theoretical research.
(2) Theoretical research
Based on T-matrix method and considering the particle aggregation microstructure and the multiple scattering between nanoparticles, a theoretical method for the extinction coefficient of magnetic nanofluids is proposed. By using the proposed method, the influence of particle diameter, particle volume fraction and external magnetic field on the extinction coefficient of magnetic fluid is studied and the mechanism of the anisotropic optical character of magnetic fluid is explored. The results show that the extinction coefficients of magnetic fluid increase linearly with the increase of particle volume fraction. For a given particle volume fraction, the lager the particle diameter, the bigger the extinction coefficient is. In the presence of an external magnetic field, the microstructure of magnetic fluid presents anisotropic feature which causes the optical property of magnetic fluid presents anisotropic feature. The extinction coefficient of magnetic fluid along the magnetic field direction is smaller than that without external magnetic field and the extinction coefficient decreases with the increase of the magnetic field strength. For the extinction coefficient of magnetic fluid perpendicular to the magnetic field direction, there are two different results. When the polarization direction of the incident light is parallel to the magnetic field, the extinction coefficient of magnetic fluid is bigger than that without external magnetic field and the extinction coefficients increase with the increase of the magnetic field strength. But when the polarization direction of the incident light is perpendicular to the magnetic field, the extinction coefficient of magnetic fluid is smaller than that without external magnetic field and the extinction coefficients decrease with the increase of the magnetic field strength.
1.纳米流体导热机理的研究
自纳米流体的概念被提出以来,人们就一直关注纳米流体的传热特性。研究者们对纳米流体的导热系数进行了大量的实验及理论研究。实验结果表明纳米流体的导热系数比基液的导热系数有了很可观的提高。人们考虑各种因素,提出了很多理论模型来解释纳米流体的导热机理,但目前还没有一种完善的理论。纳米流体内部的能量传递是一个非常复杂的过程,传统的导热模型不能解释纳米流体中的传热过程。要搞清楚纳米流体的导热机理,还需要进一步更深入的研究。
本文首先对已经报道的关于纳米流体导热系数的研究结果进行了分析总结,搞清楚了影响纳米流体导热系数的各种因素。纳米流体的导热系数可以看作静态导热系数与动态导热系数之和。本文综合考虑影响纳米流体导热系数的各种因素,分别建立了纳米流体的静态导热系数模型和动态导热系数模型。利用本文建立的理论模型,结合实验结果对纳米流体的导热机理进行了研究,搞清楚了影响纳米流体导热系数的主要因素。对于纳米粒子具有磁性的纳米磁流体,其导热系数在外加磁场作用下是各向异性的。目前关于这方面的理论研究很少,本文结合了纳米磁流体微结构的动力学模拟以及纳米流体的静态导热系数模型,对纳米磁流体的各向异性导热机理进行了研究。首先详细分析了纳米磁流体中磁性粒子受到的各种作用力,建立了磁粒子受力模型及运动方程。在此基础上,运用动力学方法模拟了在有、无外加磁场作用两种情况下纳米磁流体的微观聚集结构。然后利用纳米流体的静态导热模型计算了不同结构的纳米磁流体的各向异性导热系数。研究结果表明,外加磁场作用下磁性粒子沿着磁场方向形成了链状结构,这种链状结构为流体内部的传热提供了有效的通路,使得纳米磁流体在沿着链方向的导热系数大于垂直于链方向的导热系数,纳米磁流体导热系数的各向异性特征会随着外加磁场强度的增大而变得更加明显。
2.纳米流体强化传质研究
关于纳米流体强化传质的研究处于起步阶段,研究结果比较少。本文从理论和实验两个方面对纳米流体的传质过程进行了探索,较为完整地研究了纳米流体的强化传质机理。
(1)理论研究方面
分析了悬浮纳米粒子的布朗运动对于纳米流体内部传质过程的影响,并根据热质比拟理论,得到了纳米流体有效传质扩散系数的准则方程。通过对纳米流体传质过程的理论分析,搞清楚了影响纳米流体传质扩散系数的主要因素。
(2)实验研究方面
根据Taylor分散法的思路,设计出了能够定量测量纳米流体传质扩散系数的实验系统。测量了不同温度(15℃、20℃、25℃)条件下罗丹明B在不同粒子体积份额(0.1%～0.5%)的Cu-水以及Cu-乙二醇纳米流体中的扩散系数,研究了纳米流体中粒子体积份额、温度以及基液属性等因素对传质的影响。结果表明悬浮纳米粒子的不规则运动强化了基液内的传质过程。罗丹明B在纳米流体中的扩散系数要大于其在基液中的扩散系数,且扩散系数随着粒子体积份额的增大而增大。当粒子体积份额相同时,扩散系数随着温度的升高而增大。罗丹明B在Cu-水纳米流体中的扩散系数要大于其在Cu-乙二醇纳米流体中的扩散系数。
本文对纳米流体强化传质所做的理论和实验上的探索性工作,帮助我们搞清楚了影响纳米流体传质的一些主要因素,对于促进纳米流体在工程中的应用起到了指导作用。
3.纳米流体光学特性研究
影响纳米流体光学特性的重要参数是纳米流体的消光系数。本文从实验和理论两个方面对纳米流体的消光系数进行了研究。由于纳米磁流体有特殊的磁光效应,其在光学领域的应用前景比普通的纳米流体更加广泛。本文用新建的理论模型重点研究了纳米磁流体在外加磁场作用下的光学各向异性机理。
(1)实验研究方面
根据薄膜透射原理,建立了可以测量纳米流体消光系数的实验方法。首先用该方法测量了水在不同波长下的消光系数,并与文献值进行了对比。分析表明该实验方法适合测量纳米流体的消光系数,有较高的精度。然后用该方法测量了不同粒子体积份额的Fe304-水纳米流体的消光系数,为接下来的理论研究提供了实验数据。
(2)理论研究方面
建立理论模型,引入了T矩阵算法,考虑纳米流体中粒子的聚集结构特性以及粒子之间的多次散射,建立了一种可以精确计算纳米流体消光系数的理论方法。用该方法对不同体积份额的Fe3O4-水纳米流体的消光系数进行了计算,并与本文的实验结果进行了对比。计算结果与实验结果符合的很好。为了研究纳米磁流体的光学各向异性机理,首先利用本文所建立的动力学方法模拟得到了纳米磁流体在外加磁场作用下的微观结构,然后用本文的理论方法计算得到了纳米磁流体各向异性的消光系数。利用该方法分析了粒子粒径、体积份额、外加磁场等因素对纳米磁流体消光系数的影响。研究结果表明：在外加磁场作用下,磁性纳米粒子会沿着磁场方向形成链状聚集结构,正是这种各向异性的聚集结构导致了纳米磁流体的消光系数出现了各向异性特征。在平行于磁场方向,纳米磁流体的消光系数小于不加磁场时的值,且消光系数随着磁场强度的增大而减小,直到达到恒定值；在垂直于磁场方向,若入射光的偏振方向与磁场方向平行,纳米磁流体的消光系数大于不加磁场时的值,且消光系数随着磁场强度的增大而增大；若入射光的偏振方向与磁场方向垂直,纳米磁流体的消光系数小于不加磁场时的值,且消光系数随着磁场强度的增大而减小。
In1995, the concept of nanofluids was first proposed by Choi who was worked at Argonne National Laboratory of the United States. Nanofluids refer to a new class of heat transfer fluids by suspending nanoscaled metallic or nonmetallic particles in base fluids. Since the born of nanofluids, it had attracted the attention of researchers. As a new type of functional fluids, nanofluids have some special characters. The heat and mass transfer characters and the optical character are three of the most important characters of nanofluids. Reported experimental studies have shown that nanofluids have a good prospect of application in heat and mass transfer and optical engineering. So far, our knowledge about nanofluids is not deep enough to explain the special characters of nanofluids. Further studies about the characters of nanofluids are necessary. The research work of this paper focuses on the heat and mass transfer characters and the optical character of nanofluids. The mechanisms of heat conduction, mass transfer and the optical absorption of nanofluids are investigated to provide theoretical guidance for the application of nanofluids. The main research work of this paper includes the following aspects.
1Research on the mechanism of heat conduction of nanofluids
Since the concept of nanofluids have been proposed, many attentions have been paid to the heat transfer character of nanofluids. A lot of experimental researches about the thermal conductivity of nanofluids have been reported. Experimental results showed that the thermal conductivity of nanofluids is remarkably higher than that of base fluid. Considering various factors, researchers had proposed many theoretic models to explain the mechanism of the thermal conductivity of nanofluids. But there is not a perfect model, the mechanism is still unclear. In order to make the heat conduction mechanism of nanofluids clear, further research is needed.
Based on analyzing the reported researches about the thermal conductivity of nanofluids, the factors which affect the thermal conductivity of nanofluids were summarized. The thermal conductivity of the nanofluids can be regarded as the sum of the static thermal conductivity and the dynamic thermal conductivity. In this paper, by considering the various factors which affect the thermal conductivity of nanofluids, the static thermal conductivity model and the dynamic thermal conductivity model of nanofluids are proposed. The heat conduction mechanism of nanofluids is studied by the proposed thermal conductivity model and the main factors which affect the thermal conductivity of nanofluids are found. The thermal conductivity of magnetic nanofluids is anisotropic in the presence of an external magnetic field because of the magnetic nanoparticles. At present, few theoretical studies about this have been reported. In this paper, combining the dynamics simulation of magnetic nanofluids' microstructure and the static thermal conductivity model of nanofluids, the anisotropic heat conduction mechanism of magnetic nanofluids is studied. First, the force models and motion equations of magnetic particles are established by considering the various forces acting on the magnetic particles. On this basis, the microstructures of magnetic nanofluids in the presence of different magnetic field are obtained by dynamics simulations. Then, the anisotropic thermal conductivity of magnetic nanofluids is calculated by the static thermal conductivity of nanofluids. The results show that in the presence of an external magnetic field, the magnetic particles form chain-like structures along the direction of the magnetic field. The chain-like structures provide an effective heat transfer pathway in the fluid so that the thermal conductivity of magnetic nanofluids along the chain direction is bigger than that perpendicular to the chain direction. The anisotropic feature of the thermal conductivity becomes more evident with increasing the external magnetic field strength.
2Research on the enhanced mass transfer of nanofluids
The study of mass transfer of nanofluids is in the initial stage, few researches about this have been reported. This paper studies the mechanism of mass transfer of nanofluids from both theoretical and experimental aspects.
(1) Theoretical research
The effect of Brownian motion of the suspended nanoparticles on the mass transfer of nanofluids is analyzed. Based on the similarity theory of heat and mass transfer, the criterion equation of effective mass diffusivity of nanofluids is proposed. By the theoretical analysis of mass transfer in nanofluids, the main factors which affect the mass diffusivity of nanofluids are found.
(2) Experimental research
According to the idea of the Taylor dispersion method, an experimental system for measuring the mass diffusivity of nanofluids is devised. In order to investigate the effect of particle volume fraction, temperature and the base fluid properties on the mass diffusivity of nanofluids, we measured the mass diffusivities of Rhodamine B in both Cu-water and Cu-ethylene glycol nanofluids at different temperatures (15℃,20℃,25℃). The particle volume fraction of the nanofluids is from0.1%to0.5%. The experimental results show that the mass transfer in fluid is strengthened by the suspended nanoparticles. The mass diffusivity of Rhodamine B in nanofluids is larger than that in base fluid and the mass diffusivity increases with increasing the particle volume fraction. For a given particle volume fraction, the mass diffusivity increases with the increasing the temperature. The mass diffusivity of Rhodamine B in Cu-water nanofluids is greater than that in Cu-glycol nanofluids.
The exploratory work in this paper on the mass transfer of nanofluids has figured out the key factors that affect the mass transfer of nanofluids. This work plays a guiding role in promoting the application of nanofluids in engineering.
3Research on the optical character of nanofluids
The extinction coefficient of nanofluids is an important parameter which affects the optical character of nanofluids. In this paper, the extinction coefficient of nanofluids is studied from both experimental and theoretical aspects. Because of the special magneto-optical effects, the magnetic nanofluids are more applicable in optical engineering than the ordinary nanofluids. In this paper, the optical anisotropy mechanism of magnetic nanofluids is researched by the new theoretical model.
(1) Experimental research
Based on the film transmission principle, the experimental method for measuring the extinction coefficient of nanofluids is established. The extinction coefficients of the water at different wavelengths are measured and compared to the literature value. The results indicate that the present method is suitable for measuring the extinction coefficient of the nanofluids and has high accuracy. Then the extinction coefficients of Fe3O4-water nanofluid with different particle volume fractions are measured for providing experimental data for the next theoretical research.
(2) Theoretical research
Based on T-matrix method and considering the particle aggregation microstructure and the multiple scattering between nanoparticles, a theoretical method for the extinction coefficient of magnetic nanofluids is proposed. By using the proposed method, the influence of particle diameter, particle volume fraction and external magnetic field on the extinction coefficient of magnetic fluid is studied and the mechanism of the anisotropic optical character of magnetic fluid is explored. The results show that the extinction coefficients of magnetic fluid increase linearly with the increase of particle volume fraction. For a given particle volume fraction, the lager the particle diameter, the bigger the extinction coefficient is. In the presence of an external magnetic field, the microstructure of magnetic fluid presents anisotropic feature which causes the optical property of magnetic fluid presents anisotropic feature. The extinction coefficient of magnetic fluid along the magnetic field direction is smaller than that without external magnetic field and the extinction coefficient decreases with the increase of the magnetic field strength. For the extinction coefficient of magnetic fluid perpendicular to the magnetic field direction, there are two different results. When the polarization direction of the incident light is parallel to the magnetic field, the extinction coefficient of magnetic fluid is bigger than that without external magnetic field and the extinction coefficients increase with the increase of the magnetic field strength. But when the polarization direction of the incident light is perpendicular to the magnetic field, the extinction coefficient of magnetic fluid is smaller than that without external magnetic field and the extinction coefficients decrease with the increase of the magnetic field strength.
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