海南昌江铁尾矿加气混凝土砌块的制备及加气砖在热带地区耐久性分析
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摘要
我国的铁尾矿量占全部尾矿总量的三分之一,大量的铁尾矿堆积,既导致了严重的环境污染,又造成了资源的浪费。因此,对铁尾矿进行再利用成为对经济与社会发展极有意义的课题。
本研究根据海南当地实际情况,主要利用海南昌江铁尾矿制备加气混凝土砌块,来对该尾矿进行合理的再利用。通过调整铁尾矿、石英砂、水泥、氧化钙等原材料的配比,分析它们对加气混凝土砌块抗压强度的影响,再对单因素的数据综合进行正交实验,最终确定最优配合比。
实验结果表明,铁尾矿、石英砂、水泥、氧化钙、石膏、铝粉、稳泡剂分别为原材料物料干重的59.20%、8.26%、15.96%、14.03%、1.00%、0.06%、0.07%,且水料比为0.58时,加气混凝土砌块抗压强度达到最大值4.85MPa。
本文还研究了热带海洋气候环境对加气混凝土砌块与混凝土之间界面结合强度的影响。通过改变混凝土砌块与混凝土粘接件的含水量、含盐量,再对粘结件进行热震、湿震及暴晒等处理,测定界面结合强度。结果表明,加气混凝土砌块含水量为24%时,它与混凝土之间界面结合强度达到最大,而当含水量进一步增大时,粘接件的界面结合强度会逐渐下降。含盐对粘结件界面结合强度有增强作用。热震对界面结合强度有一定影响,湿震影响显著,而暴晒影响效果不明显。
Chinese iron tailings take1/3of the total amount of tailings, which caused serious environmental pollution and resulted huge wastes of resources. According to this situation, comprehensive utilization of the iron tailing is a beneficial topic for development of economy and society.
This study focused on the preparation of aerated concrete blocks which used Hainan ChangJiang iron tailings as a kind of materials. The influence on the compressive strength of aerated concrete block was discussed based of the various ratios of iron tailings, quartz sand, cement, and CaO. After that, the orthogonal experiments of single factor were completed to gain the optimal ratio.
The results showed that the optimum ratio of iron tailings, quartz sand, cement, and CaO was59.20%,8.26%,15.96%and14.03%, respectively. At the same time, the proportions of gypsum, aluminite powder, and foam stabilizer took1%,0.06%and0.07%, respectively. The maximum compressive strength4.85MPa was obtained when the ratio of water to raw materials reached0.58:1.
The effects of the tropical atmosphere on the interfacial bonding strength between aerated concrete block and concrete were investigated. The experiments were performed when the moisture content and salt content were used as variables. Meanwhile, the samples were treated by thermal shock, humid shock, and they were exposed to insolation to obtain interfacial bonding strength between aerated concrete block and concrete.
The results showed that the interfacial bonding strength reached the maximum vale when the moisture content of aerated concrete block was24%. The interfacial bonding strength further gradually decreased with increasing the moisture content. The interfacial bonding strength increased with the incorporation of salt. Thermal shock had a certain influence on the interfacial bonding strength, and the influence of humid shock was significant, while the influence of exposure was not so distinct.
本研究根据海南当地实际情况,主要利用海南昌江铁尾矿制备加气混凝土砌块,来对该尾矿进行合理的再利用。通过调整铁尾矿、石英砂、水泥、氧化钙等原材料的配比,分析它们对加气混凝土砌块抗压强度的影响,再对单因素的数据综合进行正交实验,最终确定最优配合比。
实验结果表明,铁尾矿、石英砂、水泥、氧化钙、石膏、铝粉、稳泡剂分别为原材料物料干重的59.20%、8.26%、15.96%、14.03%、1.00%、0.06%、0.07%,且水料比为0.58时,加气混凝土砌块抗压强度达到最大值4.85MPa。
本文还研究了热带海洋气候环境对加气混凝土砌块与混凝土之间界面结合强度的影响。通过改变混凝土砌块与混凝土粘接件的含水量、含盐量,再对粘结件进行热震、湿震及暴晒等处理,测定界面结合强度。结果表明,加气混凝土砌块含水量为24%时,它与混凝土之间界面结合强度达到最大,而当含水量进一步增大时,粘接件的界面结合强度会逐渐下降。含盐对粘结件界面结合强度有增强作用。热震对界面结合强度有一定影响,湿震影响显著,而暴晒影响效果不明显。
Chinese iron tailings take1/3of the total amount of tailings, which caused serious environmental pollution and resulted huge wastes of resources. According to this situation, comprehensive utilization of the iron tailing is a beneficial topic for development of economy and society.
This study focused on the preparation of aerated concrete blocks which used Hainan ChangJiang iron tailings as a kind of materials. The influence on the compressive strength of aerated concrete block was discussed based of the various ratios of iron tailings, quartz sand, cement, and CaO. After that, the orthogonal experiments of single factor were completed to gain the optimal ratio.
The results showed that the optimum ratio of iron tailings, quartz sand, cement, and CaO was59.20%,8.26%,15.96%and14.03%, respectively. At the same time, the proportions of gypsum, aluminite powder, and foam stabilizer took1%,0.06%and0.07%, respectively. The maximum compressive strength4.85MPa was obtained when the ratio of water to raw materials reached0.58:1.
The effects of the tropical atmosphere on the interfacial bonding strength between aerated concrete block and concrete were investigated. The experiments were performed when the moisture content and salt content were used as variables. Meanwhile, the samples were treated by thermal shock, humid shock, and they were exposed to insolation to obtain interfacial bonding strength between aerated concrete block and concrete.
The results showed that the interfacial bonding strength reached the maximum vale when the moisture content of aerated concrete block was24%. The interfacial bonding strength further gradually decreased with increasing the moisture content. The interfacial bonding strength increased with the incorporation of salt. Thermal shock had a certain influence on the interfacial bonding strength, and the influence of humid shock was significant, while the influence of exposure was not so distinct.
引文
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[2]马荣.我国新型墙体材料发展的机遇和挑战.中国煤炭,2001,27(11)：36-38
[3]吴善编.生态建材与环保.化学工业出版社,2003,12
[4]Understanding autoclaved aerated concrete. Construction Specifier, V57, n6, June. 2004
[5]徐洛屹.绿色墙体材料的特点及发展方向.中国硅酸盐学会编：新型建筑材料论文集.北京：中国建材工业出版社,2003,15-20
[6]李战平.非蒸压加气混凝土制品的生产.北京建材,1994,(3)：43-46
[7]崔崇,腾辱锋,胡明国等.节能承重墙体材料：高强度粉煤灰加气混凝土研究.混凝土与水泥制品,2000,(3)：42-45
[8]丰秀福.浅谈加气混凝土制品的推广应用.山西建筑,2004,30(9)：52-55
[9]刘斌.加气混凝土砌块应用中的若干问题.广东建材,2005,5：8-17
[10]张超文,周正全,倪冠生.加气混凝土砌块的特性及应用.城建档案研究,2000,(2)：37
[10]Halina Ziembicka.Effect of micropore structure on cellular concrete shrinkage.Cement and Concrete Research,Vol7,1997.
[11]徐惠忠.免蒸加气混凝土制品研制与生产工艺探索.房材与应用,1996,(6)：41-42.
[12]高波,王群力,周孝德.免蒸发泡混凝土砌块的研制.新型建筑材料,2003,(12)：22-25
[13]朱彭,何劲波.环保节能型空心砌块的研制.中国资源综合利用,2003,(5)：7-11
[14]吴笑梅,樊粤明.免蒸压粉煤灰加气混凝土制品强度性能的研究.房材与应用
[15]范恩荣.俄罗斯加气混凝土制品的开发研究及发展情况.北京建材,1994,(4)：34-35
[16]Finkel man RB. What we don't know about the occurrence and distribution of the trace elements in coal. JCoal Qual,1989,(8):63-66.
[17]王树茜.提高加气混凝土性能的研究.硅酸盐建筑制品,1994,4：7-10
[18]加气混凝土在建筑上的应用.北京市建筑设计院,东北建筑设计院,中国建筑工业出版社,1983,1
[19]M.Robler und I.Odler. Ivestigation on the Relationship Between Porosity,Structure And Strength of Hydrated Portland Cement Pastes. Cement and Concrete Research,1985,vol15:401-411
[20]张继能,顾同曾.加气混凝土生产工艺.武汉：武汉工业大学出版社,2002
[21]吴正直.德国的加气混凝土及其应用.加气混凝土,2002,(2)：24-28
[22]陶有生,府坤荣.中国加气混凝土的发展与进步.山东建材,2003,24(1)：18-23
[23]达毅,高强.加气混凝土与现代建筑经济.建筑产品与应用,2001,(3)：77-80
[24]吴庵敖.发展加气混凝土的经济效果研究.新型建筑材料,1995,(7)
[25]李伏林,焦宝祥.谈加气混凝土砌块由06级向05级的过渡.砖瓦,2002,(3)：42-47
[26]徐清.研制碱矿渣加气混凝土的可行性.云南建材,1999,(2)：29-31
[27]Th.Kosloski.The effect of admixtures in the Production and application of building plasters.Z-K-G international, No(5) 1999,274-286.
[28]黄宝茅.我国矿产资源综合利用和环境保护.铀矿冶,1999,(2)：7-14
[29]张崇淼.矿产资源综合利用与环境保护之关系的探讨.矿冶,2003,12(2)：22-24
[30]蒋冬青,张敏.尾矿资源在建材中的应用.云南建材,1998,(3)：27-34
[31]徐征.铁尾矿用做建筑材料的进展.金属矿山,2000,(10)山恒.利用银山铁尾矿砂生产加气混凝土制品的探讨.铜业工程,2000：321-333
[32]张锦瑞,王伟之.利用铁尾矿制造建筑用砖.矿山环保,2001,(1)
[33]牟善彬,牛振亚.蒸压硅质尾矿砂用做水泥混合材的初步研究.水泥,1996,(1)
[34]A.M,玛拉比尼.用工业废渣和砂山尾矿合成新材料.国外金属矿选矿,1999,(2)
[35]田袆兰,任爱军,张云海等.我国铁尾矿资源及其开发利用现状.金属矿山,2009,(11)：73-77
[36]N.Narayanan and K. Ramamurthy. Prediction Relations for Compressive Strength of Aerated Concrete[J].ACI Matetials Journal (American Concrete Institute),97(3)
[37]Kwan.A.K.H.Use of condensed silica fume for making high-strength, seif-consolidating concrete,Candian. Journal of Civil Engineering,2000,27(4)
[38]王砚,陈吉春,殷杰等.利用低硅铁尾矿生产加气混凝土的试验.环境科学与技术,2000,(4)：11
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