分点进水A/O工艺及其模型与分点优化的研究
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摘要
随着国内水体富营养化的不断加剧，城市污水处理厂的脱氮除磷效果已成为解决富营养化的重要途径。但是，生物脱氮除磷系统存在生物之间的碳源竞争和生物不同泥龄的矛盾，使污水处理厂很难获得较好的效果。这种现象在国内许多城市污水处理厂进水中碳源偏低的现状下更为突出，给城市污水的脱氮除磷带来很大障碍。如何有效地分配和利用有限的碳源用于系统脱氮除磷成为环境工程领域研究的重要课题。
分点进水A/O工艺在解决低碳源城市污水脱氮除磷中取得了较好的效果。本文试图从理论上、试验上，对这一工艺以及工艺中碳源的使用问题进行研究。主要包括活性污泥的呼吸性能；混合液中碳源的来源及其数量，二沉池反硝化过程特点；分点进水工艺的活性污泥数学模型；分点进水工艺中各分点的进水比例等进行了深入研究。研究过程中，设计了差压仪密闭投加基质的测定方法，可方便测定原位混合液的呼吸能力，为研究提供了有效的研究手段。
在工艺研究上，主要对采取分点进水A/O工艺的徐州污水处理厂的活性污泥的呼吸性能进行了深入研究。曝气池出水混合液中含有较高的可利用碳源，呼吸试验表明，能够参与反硝化的碳源BOD数量达到43.55mg/L。在二沉池沉淀过程中发生了反硝化反应，且该反硝过程去除了约60%的硝酸盐氮。当混合液回流到厌氧池后，避免了厌氧池内反硝化菌与聚磷菌进行碳源的竞争。
根据ASM1模型组分相互关系，分析了曝气池出水混合液中碳源的来源，其中慢速可降解有机物是碳源的主要来源。分点进水中的慢速可降解有机物在曝气池内水解成易降解有机物后，由于停留时间短，该部分有机物不能及时被用于异养菌好氧生长，而是吸附在污泥中流入二沉池参与反硝化。低碳源情况下，慢速可降解有机物水解产物成为有机物的主要构成，计算值和测量值能够较好的吻合。
利用差压仪密闭投加氨氮的方法测定了混合液内自养菌的浓度，自养菌浓度显著高于其它污水处理厂混合液自养菌浓度,使得该工艺能够以正常的回流比和适中的泥浓度实现较高的硝化速度。在维持高浓度自养菌生长的情况下，可适当增加排泥来提高除磷的效果。在自养菌生物量计算中，提出了自养菌浓度的修正计算方法，修正算法的自养菌浓度为59.07mgCOD/L，模拟结果较好。同样利用差压仪，测定了混合液内异养菌浓度，浓度为853.54mgCOD/L。设计了差压仪测定反硝化过程的方法，观测并记录了实际曝气池出水混合液的反硝化过程，确定了原位污泥的反硝化速率12.57mgNO_3-N/(gMLVSS h)，反硝化速度较快可以迅速完成，对沉淀过程不会造成不良影响。
基于ASM1模型和以上试验研究成果，建立了分点进水A/O工艺及二沉池反硝化的CN模型。根据测得的生物浓度、碳源数量和相关参数，进行了静态模拟计算，模拟结果表明，建立的模型可以用来描述徐州污水处理厂碳、氮的去除过程。
以曝气池出水氨氮浓度为目标，建立了分点比例的目标函数，并进行了优化计算。根据优化结果确定的分点进水比例经过适当的调整，在建立的CN模型中得到验证。最后根据试验研究、优化分点比例，提出了分点A/O工艺的改进思路与工艺调试方法。
A/O process with step-feeding has solved effectively the nitrogen and phosphorusremoval within low carbon source. This paper tries to study theoretically this technologyand the usage of carbon in the circumstance of low carbon source, including respirationperformance of activated sludge; the conversion and utilization of carbon in mixed liquor;biological concentration and related kinetic parameters; denitrification process; fitting oforganics and ammonia removal; mathematical model of activated sludge; the wastewaterproportion at feeding entries, etc. The author designed a measuring system with sealedinjection of substrate, which provided an effective research device.
This paper studied the respiration performance of activated sludge in Xuzhou WWTPwhich adopted the step-feed A/O process. Since more carbon source existed in mixedliquor a synchronic denitrification takes place in secondary clarifier.
Based on the relationship among the components in model ASM1, this paper studiedthe transformation and usage of carbon in mixed liquor. The research shows that the slowlybiodegradable substrate will be hydrolyzed into a readily biodegradable substrate, and thelatter will be attached to the sludge and run into the secondary clarifier in whichdenitrification process will happen.
In order to determine the biomass concentration and kinetic parameters, the authordesigned a testing system to measure the oxygen uptake rate, in which the substrate isinjected into a sealed manometric respirometer bottle and thus to guarantee the testingsample is mostly similar to the real wastewater in WWTPs.
A fitting is made to simulate the removal of organic and ammonia. Fitting resultshows that the kinetic parameters and autotrophic and heterotrophic biomass obtained inthis research is able to fit the variation of oxygen consumption in the removal process oforganics and ammonia.
Based on the above research achievements and ASM1model, a mathematical modelof A/O process and a mathematical model of denitrification in the clarifier were established.And an optimized mathematical model was established for step-feeding proportion. Such adistribution will fully use the carbon source and raise the effectiveness of nitrogen andphosphorus removal. Finally, a modified step-feed A/O was proposed by the author.
分点进水A/O工艺在解决低碳源城市污水脱氮除磷中取得了较好的效果。本文试图从理论上、试验上，对这一工艺以及工艺中碳源的使用问题进行研究。主要包括活性污泥的呼吸性能；混合液中碳源的来源及其数量，二沉池反硝化过程特点；分点进水工艺的活性污泥数学模型；分点进水工艺中各分点的进水比例等进行了深入研究。研究过程中，设计了差压仪密闭投加基质的测定方法，可方便测定原位混合液的呼吸能力，为研究提供了有效的研究手段。
在工艺研究上，主要对采取分点进水A/O工艺的徐州污水处理厂的活性污泥的呼吸性能进行了深入研究。曝气池出水混合液中含有较高的可利用碳源，呼吸试验表明，能够参与反硝化的碳源BOD数量达到43.55mg/L。在二沉池沉淀过程中发生了反硝化反应，且该反硝过程去除了约60%的硝酸盐氮。当混合液回流到厌氧池后，避免了厌氧池内反硝化菌与聚磷菌进行碳源的竞争。
根据ASM1模型组分相互关系，分析了曝气池出水混合液中碳源的来源，其中慢速可降解有机物是碳源的主要来源。分点进水中的慢速可降解有机物在曝气池内水解成易降解有机物后，由于停留时间短，该部分有机物不能及时被用于异养菌好氧生长，而是吸附在污泥中流入二沉池参与反硝化。低碳源情况下，慢速可降解有机物水解产物成为有机物的主要构成，计算值和测量值能够较好的吻合。
利用差压仪密闭投加氨氮的方法测定了混合液内自养菌的浓度，自养菌浓度显著高于其它污水处理厂混合液自养菌浓度,使得该工艺能够以正常的回流比和适中的泥浓度实现较高的硝化速度。在维持高浓度自养菌生长的情况下，可适当增加排泥来提高除磷的效果。在自养菌生物量计算中，提出了自养菌浓度的修正计算方法，修正算法的自养菌浓度为59.07mgCOD/L，模拟结果较好。同样利用差压仪，测定了混合液内异养菌浓度，浓度为853.54mgCOD/L。设计了差压仪测定反硝化过程的方法，观测并记录了实际曝气池出水混合液的反硝化过程，确定了原位污泥的反硝化速率12.57mgNO_3-N/(gMLVSS h)，反硝化速度较快可以迅速完成，对沉淀过程不会造成不良影响。
基于ASM1模型和以上试验研究成果，建立了分点进水A/O工艺及二沉池反硝化的CN模型。根据测得的生物浓度、碳源数量和相关参数，进行了静态模拟计算，模拟结果表明，建立的模型可以用来描述徐州污水处理厂碳、氮的去除过程。
以曝气池出水氨氮浓度为目标，建立了分点比例的目标函数，并进行了优化计算。根据优化结果确定的分点进水比例经过适当的调整，在建立的CN模型中得到验证。最后根据试验研究、优化分点比例，提出了分点A/O工艺的改进思路与工艺调试方法。
A/O process with step-feeding has solved effectively the nitrogen and phosphorusremoval within low carbon source. This paper tries to study theoretically this technologyand the usage of carbon in the circumstance of low carbon source, including respirationperformance of activated sludge; the conversion and utilization of carbon in mixed liquor;biological concentration and related kinetic parameters; denitrification process; fitting oforganics and ammonia removal; mathematical model of activated sludge; the wastewaterproportion at feeding entries, etc. The author designed a measuring system with sealedinjection of substrate, which provided an effective research device.
This paper studied the respiration performance of activated sludge in Xuzhou WWTPwhich adopted the step-feed A/O process. Since more carbon source existed in mixedliquor a synchronic denitrification takes place in secondary clarifier.
Based on the relationship among the components in model ASM1, this paper studiedthe transformation and usage of carbon in mixed liquor. The research shows that the slowlybiodegradable substrate will be hydrolyzed into a readily biodegradable substrate, and thelatter will be attached to the sludge and run into the secondary clarifier in whichdenitrification process will happen.
In order to determine the biomass concentration and kinetic parameters, the authordesigned a testing system to measure the oxygen uptake rate, in which the substrate isinjected into a sealed manometric respirometer bottle and thus to guarantee the testingsample is mostly similar to the real wastewater in WWTPs.
A fitting is made to simulate the removal of organic and ammonia. Fitting resultshows that the kinetic parameters and autotrophic and heterotrophic biomass obtained inthis research is able to fit the variation of oxygen consumption in the removal process oforganics and ammonia.
Based on the above research achievements and ASM1model, a mathematical modelof A/O process and a mathematical model of denitrification in the clarifier were established.And an optimized mathematical model was established for step-feeding proportion. Such adistribution will fully use the carbon source and raise the effectiveness of nitrogen andphosphorus removal. Finally, a modified step-feed A/O was proposed by the author.
引文
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