西方马克思主义女性主义的现代性批判
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摘要
本论文以《资本主义的终结——政治经济学的女性主义批判》为文本基础,以反思国内理论界对西方马克思主义女性主义的相关研究状况为思想前提,以该书对资本主义在经济一元论、阶级理论和全球化理论上的政治经济学批判为思想基础,以对资本主义的政治经济学批判和对资本主义文化霸权的现代性批判相互结合为逻辑主线,以对该书资本主义的现代性批判所呈现出的新观点、新思维方式、新路径和新问题的挖掘为价值旨归,努力在现代性批判的视阈下揭示该书反映的西方马克思主义女性主义者对资本主义独特的现代性批判。
第一个问题是本论文的基础性和前提性的问题,也是本论文得以立论的关键性问题,即何以将资本主义批判放在现代性批判的维度上加以理解。对这一问题的理解首先包含了该书在何种意义上能够代表西方马克思主义女性主义的资本主义批判、西方马克思主义的资本主义批判何以体现现代性批判、现代性批判又怎样体现女性主义的理论旨趣。对这些问题的反思奠定了本论文研究的基本思路:以从对该书的具体性、典型性研究出发,展开西方马克思主义女性主义对资本主义的研究,又将这种研究放在现代性批判的视阈之上。这不但符合女性主义本身思考问题的方式,更符合马克思主义和西方马克思主义的研究思路。对这样问题的反思能够使本论文的立论基础更加坚实,也使后文对该书资本主义的现代性批判思想理路的揭示更加深刻和具体。
第二个和第三个问题是具体研究该书对资本主义进行现代性批判的思想内容。这也包括两个层面,对资本主义批判的微观解读和宏观解读,这两个层面也在某种程度上表征了两位西方马克思主义女性主义者进行现代性批判的基本思路。她们对资本主义现代性批判的立足点是马克思的政治经济学批判,因为只有从此出发才能真正破解资本主义的霸权之谜。因此,她们对资本主义的一些具体领域展开了政治经济学批判,包括经济领域、阶级领域、空间概念与全球化领域、管理领域等,通过对具体领域内资本主义的政治经济作用方式的批判,从而还原真实世界中的资本主义,这是问题的一个方面。另一个方面是两位西方马克思主义女性主义者始终坚持在进行政治经济学批判的基础上,更要借助女性主义的观念对资本主义进行文化批判,这是较之政治经济学批判更为关键的批判。因为文化领域上的霸权才是导致马克思主义者无法进行革命的根本原因。因此,在政治经济学批判之后,还要对文化形态上的资本主义予以批判。凯瑟琳·吉布森和朱丽·格雷汉姆对资本主义的现代性批判不是针对资本主义制度,而是针对资本主义在当前人们的观念领域所形成的霸权观念的破解和批判,这种宏观上的批判是通过摧毁资本主义在人们的观念领域所体现的统一性、同一性和整体性,将对真实生活世界中的经济生活的多样化呈现出来而完成的。政治经济学批判和文化批判共同构成了其现代性批判的核心内容。
最后一个问题是对该书所开启的新思维方式、新视野和新问题的揭示。“思维方式是人们在思想中把握世界过程中形成的特有的批判反思性能力,是人类通过一定的思维方式认识人与世界关系,同时在认识世界和改造世界的活动中不断对固有的思维方式进行理论反思和辩证批判的过程中,不断使人生成为人,占有自身的本质的思想能力。”从思维方式变革的角度对该书所呈现的西方马克思主义女性主义思维方式的考察从更为根本的层面上揭示了该书现代性批判的实际意义。不仅如此,该书在马克思主义、西方马克思主义和女性主义的基本立场上,形成了对女性主义问题、资本主义问题、现代性批判问题上的新视野,留下和带给我们许多新问题,如何对这些问题展开进一步的思考,将促使作者在对西方马克思主义女性主义的资本主义现代性批判的研究中继续前行。
In this paper, "The End of Capitalism - A Feminist Critique of Political Economy" as the text-based, to reflect on the book on behalf of the Western Marxist Feminist Criticism of the modern critique of capitalism as an ideological premise, in a class of capitalist theory, globalization theory and economic theory as the ideological foundation for the Critique of Political Economy, In order to critique the political economy of capitalism and the cultural hegemony of capitalism Critique of modern logic of integration among the main line to this book on the critique of modernity, capitalism has shown a new way of thinking, new paths and new problems excavation for the value, in an effort, as the critical threshold of modernity under the Western Marxist feminism reveals the unique concept of capitalism. With the above research ideas to start a specific study.
The first chapter presents the basis of this paper and the premise of the question, but also to the facts, the key issues paper, that is why the critique of capitalism on the critical dimensions of modernity be understood. The understanding of this issue contains the first book in what sense can represent the Western Marxist concept of capitalism, feminism, western Marxism, capitalism, critical view of why the embodiment of modernity, critique of modernity and how embodied feminist the final theory purport. Reflection on these issues laid the basic ideas of this study: The book from the specific nature of the starting cross-section study commenced on the Western Marxism Capitalism feminist research, in turn such a study on the Critique of Modernity above the visual threshold, which is not only consistent with feminist thinking their own way, more in line with Marxism and the study of Western ideas of Marxism. Reflection on such issues can be made more solid theoretical basis of this article, but also makes this book later in the modern capitalist thought line of criticism is more profound and vivid revelation.
From Chapter II to ChaperⅤis a specific study of this book of modern capitalism Criticism of the idea content. This in turn consists of two levels, namely, capitalism and critique of their interpretation of the micro-and macro-interpretation, these two aspects are to some extent to characterize the two Western Marxist feminist criticism of the modern nature of the basic ideas. In them, critique of capitalist modernity must be grounded in Marx's Critique of Political Economy-style, only the departure from the hegemony of capitalism can really crack the mystery. Therefore, the specific areas of capitalism they launched a Critique of Political Economy, including the class field, economic field, the concept of space and the era of globalization, management and so on, through the specific areas of political and economic role of the capitalist mode of criticism, and thus reduction in the real world of capitalism. This is one aspect of the problem, another aspect of two of Western Marxists, always adhere to the view that conducting Critique of Political Economy on the concept of feminism but also with the cultural criticism, this is politics than economics more critical of the criticism, in their view of hegemony in the cultural realm is the leading Marxist revolution can not be the root cause. Therefore, after the Critique of Political Economy, but also on the cultural patterns of the capitalist to be critical. Katherine Gibson and Julie Graham critique of capitalist modernity is not directed against the capitalist system, but against the people's idea of capitalism in the current field of the crack formation of the hegemonic ideas and criticism, such criticism of macro - through the destruction of the capitalist system in people's concepts embodied in the field of unity, identity and integrity, will have real-life world of the diversification of the economic life out of the show complete. Critique of Political Economy and Cultural Criticism of its modernity together constitute the core of criticism.
Chapter VI to Chapter VIII of this book opened a new way of thinking, new ideas and new problems revealed. Way of thinking is that people take in the thought process of the formation of the world's unique critical reflection sexuality, is the human way of thinking through a certain understanding of the relationship between man and the world, while understanding the activities of the world and transform the world constantly on the intrinsic way of thinking of theoretical reflection and dialectical process of criticism, and constantly make life a person possession of the nature of their own thinking ability. "From the perspective of changes in ways of thinking presented in this book of Western Marxist Feminism modes of thought and study is a more reveals a fundamental level, the book's critique of modernity practical significance. Not only that, the book is based on Marxism, Western Marxism and feminism's basic position, at all levels on the formation of a new path for the study of these three levels have positive significance. At the same time study of this book to continue research on the author left a lot of new problems, and how these remaining issues for further ideological and theoretical thinking, will lead to the author of Western capitalism, Marxism, feminism and the concept of the study to continue forward.
第一个问题是本论文的基础性和前提性的问题,也是本论文得以立论的关键性问题,即何以将资本主义批判放在现代性批判的维度上加以理解。对这一问题的理解首先包含了该书在何种意义上能够代表西方马克思主义女性主义的资本主义批判、西方马克思主义的资本主义批判何以体现现代性批判、现代性批判又怎样体现女性主义的理论旨趣。对这些问题的反思奠定了本论文研究的基本思路:以从对该书的具体性、典型性研究出发,展开西方马克思主义女性主义对资本主义的研究,又将这种研究放在现代性批判的视阈之上。这不但符合女性主义本身思考问题的方式,更符合马克思主义和西方马克思主义的研究思路。对这样问题的反思能够使本论文的立论基础更加坚实,也使后文对该书资本主义的现代性批判思想理路的揭示更加深刻和具体。
第二个和第三个问题是具体研究该书对资本主义进行现代性批判的思想内容。这也包括两个层面,对资本主义批判的微观解读和宏观解读,这两个层面也在某种程度上表征了两位西方马克思主义女性主义者进行现代性批判的基本思路。她们对资本主义现代性批判的立足点是马克思的政治经济学批判,因为只有从此出发才能真正破解资本主义的霸权之谜。因此,她们对资本主义的一些具体领域展开了政治经济学批判,包括经济领域、阶级领域、空间概念与全球化领域、管理领域等,通过对具体领域内资本主义的政治经济作用方式的批判,从而还原真实世界中的资本主义,这是问题的一个方面。另一个方面是两位西方马克思主义女性主义者始终坚持在进行政治经济学批判的基础上,更要借助女性主义的观念对资本主义进行文化批判,这是较之政治经济学批判更为关键的批判。因为文化领域上的霸权才是导致马克思主义者无法进行革命的根本原因。因此,在政治经济学批判之后,还要对文化形态上的资本主义予以批判。凯瑟琳·吉布森和朱丽·格雷汉姆对资本主义的现代性批判不是针对资本主义制度,而是针对资本主义在当前人们的观念领域所形成的霸权观念的破解和批判,这种宏观上的批判是通过摧毁资本主义在人们的观念领域所体现的统一性、同一性和整体性,将对真实生活世界中的经济生活的多样化呈现出来而完成的。政治经济学批判和文化批判共同构成了其现代性批判的核心内容。
最后一个问题是对该书所开启的新思维方式、新视野和新问题的揭示。“思维方式是人们在思想中把握世界过程中形成的特有的批判反思性能力,是人类通过一定的思维方式认识人与世界关系,同时在认识世界和改造世界的活动中不断对固有的思维方式进行理论反思和辩证批判的过程中,不断使人生成为人,占有自身的本质的思想能力。”从思维方式变革的角度对该书所呈现的西方马克思主义女性主义思维方式的考察从更为根本的层面上揭示了该书现代性批判的实际意义。不仅如此,该书在马克思主义、西方马克思主义和女性主义的基本立场上,形成了对女性主义问题、资本主义问题、现代性批判问题上的新视野,留下和带给我们许多新问题,如何对这些问题展开进一步的思考,将促使作者在对西方马克思主义女性主义的资本主义现代性批判的研究中继续前行。
In this paper, "The End of Capitalism - A Feminist Critique of Political Economy" as the text-based, to reflect on the book on behalf of the Western Marxist Feminist Criticism of the modern critique of capitalism as an ideological premise, in a class of capitalist theory, globalization theory and economic theory as the ideological foundation for the Critique of Political Economy, In order to critique the political economy of capitalism and the cultural hegemony of capitalism Critique of modern logic of integration among the main line to this book on the critique of modernity, capitalism has shown a new way of thinking, new paths and new problems excavation for the value, in an effort, as the critical threshold of modernity under the Western Marxist feminism reveals the unique concept of capitalism. With the above research ideas to start a specific study.
The first chapter presents the basis of this paper and the premise of the question, but also to the facts, the key issues paper, that is why the critique of capitalism on the critical dimensions of modernity be understood. The understanding of this issue contains the first book in what sense can represent the Western Marxist concept of capitalism, feminism, western Marxism, capitalism, critical view of why the embodiment of modernity, critique of modernity and how embodied feminist the final theory purport. Reflection on these issues laid the basic ideas of this study: The book from the specific nature of the starting cross-section study commenced on the Western Marxism Capitalism feminist research, in turn such a study on the Critique of Modernity above the visual threshold, which is not only consistent with feminist thinking their own way, more in line with Marxism and the study of Western ideas of Marxism. Reflection on such issues can be made more solid theoretical basis of this article, but also makes this book later in the modern capitalist thought line of criticism is more profound and vivid revelation.
From Chapter II to ChaperⅤis a specific study of this book of modern capitalism Criticism of the idea content. This in turn consists of two levels, namely, capitalism and critique of their interpretation of the micro-and macro-interpretation, these two aspects are to some extent to characterize the two Western Marxist feminist criticism of the modern nature of the basic ideas. In them, critique of capitalist modernity must be grounded in Marx's Critique of Political Economy-style, only the departure from the hegemony of capitalism can really crack the mystery. Therefore, the specific areas of capitalism they launched a Critique of Political Economy, including the class field, economic field, the concept of space and the era of globalization, management and so on, through the specific areas of political and economic role of the capitalist mode of criticism, and thus reduction in the real world of capitalism. This is one aspect of the problem, another aspect of two of Western Marxists, always adhere to the view that conducting Critique of Political Economy on the concept of feminism but also with the cultural criticism, this is politics than economics more critical of the criticism, in their view of hegemony in the cultural realm is the leading Marxist revolution can not be the root cause. Therefore, after the Critique of Political Economy, but also on the cultural patterns of the capitalist to be critical. Katherine Gibson and Julie Graham critique of capitalist modernity is not directed against the capitalist system, but against the people's idea of capitalism in the current field of the crack formation of the hegemonic ideas and criticism, such criticism of macro - through the destruction of the capitalist system in people's concepts embodied in the field of unity, identity and integrity, will have real-life world of the diversification of the economic life out of the show complete. Critique of Political Economy and Cultural Criticism of its modernity together constitute the core of criticism.
Chapter VI to Chapter VIII of this book opened a new way of thinking, new ideas and new problems revealed. Way of thinking is that people take in the thought process of the formation of the world's unique critical reflection sexuality, is the human way of thinking through a certain understanding of the relationship between man and the world, while understanding the activities of the world and transform the world constantly on the intrinsic way of thinking of theoretical reflection and dialectical process of criticism, and constantly make life a person possession of the nature of their own thinking ability. "From the perspective of changes in ways of thinking presented in this book of Western Marxist Feminism modes of thought and study is a more reveals a fundamental level, the book's critique of modernity practical significance. Not only that, the book is based on Marxism, Western Marxism and feminism's basic position, at all levels on the formation of a new path for the study of these three levels have positive significance. At the same time study of this book to continue research on the author left a lot of new problems, and how these remaining issues for further ideological and theoretical thinking, will lead to the author of Western capitalism, Marxism, feminism and the concept of the study to continue forward.
引文
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