中高强度钢框架梁柱组合节点抗震性能研究
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摘要
随着中高强度钢材逐渐应用在钢框架结构中,钢材强度的提高对梁柱组合节点抗震性能的影响成为研究者关注的焦点。在美国北岭地震和日本阪神地震中,钢框架梁柱节点的破坏大多是由于梁下翼缘与钢柱翼缘的对接焊缝断裂引起,而混凝土楼板的组合作用是该处发生应力集中很重要的原因。因此,在钢材强度提高后,组合节点承载力、刚度和延性以及混凝土楼板组合作用的具体变化需要进行相关的研究,但目前研究者对其受力性能和破坏机理的认识还很不足。为此,分析中高强度钢材梁柱组合节点在循环荷载作用下的受力特性具有重要的理论意义和工程实际应用价值。
本文是在国家自然科学基金(50578083&50708051)的资助下完成的,主要研究了中高强度梁柱组合节点抗震性能,论文完成的工作及成果有:
使用通用有限元软件ANSYS,建立了栓焊连接组合节点数值模型,对模型进行了弹塑性分析,研究了钢材强度、混凝土标号、楼板配筋率、楼板厚度等参数对节点承载力的影响。
取混凝土楼板配筋率和加载方式为变量,进行了四个中高强度钢材组合节点的低周往复荷载破坏试验,分析了它们在循环荷载作用下的承载力、塑性变形能力、应力分布和破坏模式,总结了它们的延性特征和抗震性能,并与对应的普通钢材组合节点进行了比较,证明中高强度钢材组合节点可以在不降低延性的基础上显著提高节点承载力。
通过对节点滞回曲线包络线进行分段线性模拟,建立了节点在循环荷载作用下的三线型恢复力模型。根据四个节点表现出的破坏模式,借鉴“组件法”,综合节点各组件计算方法得出节点承载力和初始刚度设计公式,全面考虑了包括钢梁柱屈曲、混凝土局部受压等因素的影响。与现有试验数据的对比说明,该方法可以比较准确地计算节点的抗弯承载力和初始转动刚度,总体精度可以达到工程设计的要求。
本文所得数据、方法和结论均可为工程设计提供参考依据,也为在钢框架中进一步采用更高强度的钢材奠定了试验基础。
With the gradual application of middle-high strength steel in the steel frame structure, the improvement of the steel strength will has evidental impact on the seismic performance of the beam-to-column composite connection, which becomes the focus of the present researches. In the Northridge earthquake in USA and Kobe earthquake in Japan, it was found that most of the connection failures were due to the fracture at the weld between the bottom flange of the beam and the column flange, and the slab action is an innegligible reason of the stress concentration there. Thus, because of the increase of the steel strength, relevant researches about the specific change of the bearing capacity, stiffness, ductility and the slab effect of the connection in the steel frame structure are needed. But now the researchers have inadequate knowledge about its bearing capacity and failure mechanism. So the study on the performance of the beam-to-column composite connection with middle-high strength steel is significant for both theory and engineering practice.
This dissertation, supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50578083 & 50708051), is concerned with the bearing capacity and seismic performance of the beam-to-column composite connection with middle-high strength steel. The main research and achievements of this thesis are as follows.
In the help of the general-purpose finite element software ANSYS, the numerical model of the bolt-welded composite connection is founded and Elasto-plastic analyses are conducted. Using the models, some parameters such as the steel strength, the concrete grade, reinforcement ratio of the concrete slab and the slab thickness are analyzed to confirm their effect on the bearing capacity of the connection.
Considering the impact of the reinforcement ratio and the loading mode, four middle-high strength specimens are tested under low-cycle reciprocal load. Their behaviors on the loading capacity, plastic deformation, stress distribution and failure mode are investigated, and the ductile characters and seismic performance are summarized, which is compared with corresponding ordinary steel composite connections. The results prove that the middle-high strength steel can improve the bearing strength of the connection without decreasing the ductility.
By segmental linear fit method, the envelopes of the hysteretic curve are processed to derive the trilinear restoring force model of the connection. According to the failure modes of the four connections,“components method”is used for reference to combine the contribution of various components, and the design formula of connection strength and initial stiffness are derived. In this phase, the buckling of the steel beam and column, the local compression of the concrete are fully taken into account. The comparison with the available experiment data shows that the method can calculate the bearing capacity and the initial stiffness more accurately, and the overall accuracy can meet the requirements of the engineering design.
The data, conclusion and method obtained from this paper can provide reference for the practice, and laid an experimental foundation for the further application of higher strength steel in the steel frame structures.
本文是在国家自然科学基金(50578083&50708051)的资助下完成的,主要研究了中高强度梁柱组合节点抗震性能,论文完成的工作及成果有:
使用通用有限元软件ANSYS,建立了栓焊连接组合节点数值模型,对模型进行了弹塑性分析,研究了钢材强度、混凝土标号、楼板配筋率、楼板厚度等参数对节点承载力的影响。
取混凝土楼板配筋率和加载方式为变量,进行了四个中高强度钢材组合节点的低周往复荷载破坏试验,分析了它们在循环荷载作用下的承载力、塑性变形能力、应力分布和破坏模式,总结了它们的延性特征和抗震性能,并与对应的普通钢材组合节点进行了比较,证明中高强度钢材组合节点可以在不降低延性的基础上显著提高节点承载力。
通过对节点滞回曲线包络线进行分段线性模拟,建立了节点在循环荷载作用下的三线型恢复力模型。根据四个节点表现出的破坏模式,借鉴“组件法”,综合节点各组件计算方法得出节点承载力和初始刚度设计公式,全面考虑了包括钢梁柱屈曲、混凝土局部受压等因素的影响。与现有试验数据的对比说明,该方法可以比较准确地计算节点的抗弯承载力和初始转动刚度,总体精度可以达到工程设计的要求。
本文所得数据、方法和结论均可为工程设计提供参考依据,也为在钢框架中进一步采用更高强度的钢材奠定了试验基础。
With the gradual application of middle-high strength steel in the steel frame structure, the improvement of the steel strength will has evidental impact on the seismic performance of the beam-to-column composite connection, which becomes the focus of the present researches. In the Northridge earthquake in USA and Kobe earthquake in Japan, it was found that most of the connection failures were due to the fracture at the weld between the bottom flange of the beam and the column flange, and the slab action is an innegligible reason of the stress concentration there. Thus, because of the increase of the steel strength, relevant researches about the specific change of the bearing capacity, stiffness, ductility and the slab effect of the connection in the steel frame structure are needed. But now the researchers have inadequate knowledge about its bearing capacity and failure mechanism. So the study on the performance of the beam-to-column composite connection with middle-high strength steel is significant for both theory and engineering practice.
This dissertation, supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50578083 & 50708051), is concerned with the bearing capacity and seismic performance of the beam-to-column composite connection with middle-high strength steel. The main research and achievements of this thesis are as follows.
In the help of the general-purpose finite element software ANSYS, the numerical model of the bolt-welded composite connection is founded and Elasto-plastic analyses are conducted. Using the models, some parameters such as the steel strength, the concrete grade, reinforcement ratio of the concrete slab and the slab thickness are analyzed to confirm their effect on the bearing capacity of the connection.
Considering the impact of the reinforcement ratio and the loading mode, four middle-high strength specimens are tested under low-cycle reciprocal load. Their behaviors on the loading capacity, plastic deformation, stress distribution and failure mode are investigated, and the ductile characters and seismic performance are summarized, which is compared with corresponding ordinary steel composite connections. The results prove that the middle-high strength steel can improve the bearing strength of the connection without decreasing the ductility.
By segmental linear fit method, the envelopes of the hysteretic curve are processed to derive the trilinear restoring force model of the connection. According to the failure modes of the four connections,“components method”is used for reference to combine the contribution of various components, and the design formula of connection strength and initial stiffness are derived. In this phase, the buckling of the steel beam and column, the local compression of the concrete are fully taken into account. The comparison with the available experiment data shows that the method can calculate the bearing capacity and the initial stiffness more accurately, and the overall accuracy can meet the requirements of the engineering design.
The data, conclusion and method obtained from this paper can provide reference for the practice, and laid an experimental foundation for the further application of higher strength steel in the steel frame structures.
引文
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[3] Nethercot DA, Li TQ, Ahmed B. Unified Classification System for Beam-to-Column Connection. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 1998,45(1):39~65.
[4]中华人民共和国建设部,国家质量监督检验检疫总局. GB50017-2003.中华人民共和国国家标准-钢结构设计规范.北京:中国计划出版社,2003-12-01
[5] Uy B. High Strength Steel-Concrete Composite Columns: Applications and Design. In: Proceedings of the 2005 Structures Congress and the 2005 Forensic Engineering Symposium, NewYork:2005,1~12
[6] AISC. ANSI/AISC 341-02. Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings. Chicago, Illinois, USA: American Institute of Steel Construction, INC, 2002.05
[7]苏迪.考虑组合效应的钢结构梁柱节点抗震性能研究:[硕士学位论文].北京:清华大学土木工程系,2005
[8] Sim?es da Silva L, Sim?es Rui D, Cruz Paulo JS. Experimental Behaviour of End-plate Beam-to-column Composite Joints. Engineering Structures, 2001, 23(11):1383~1409.
[9]孙飞飞,李国强,胡凌华.梁柱组合节点的试验研究新进展.建筑钢结构进展,2004,6(2):37~42.
[10] Xiao Y, Choo BS, Nethercot DA. Composite Connections in Steel and Concrete—I. Experimental Behaviour of Composite Beam–column Connections. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 1994, 31(1):3~30.
[11] Anderson D, Najafi AA. Performance of Composite Connections: Major Axis End-plate Joints. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 1994,31(1):31~57.
[12] Li TQ, Nethercot DA, Choo BS. Behaviour of Flush End-plate Composite Connections with Unbalanced Moment and Variable Shear/Moment Ratios—I. Experimental Behaviour. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 1996, 38(2):125~164.
[13] Richard Liew JY, Teo TH, Shanmugam NE, Yu CH. Testing of Steel–concrete Composite Connections and Appraisal of Results, Journal of Constructional Steel Research,2000, 56 (2):117~150.
[14] Calado L, Sim?es da Silva L, Sim?es Rui D. Cyclic Behavior of Steel and Composite Beam-to-column Joints. 2000:159~169.
[15] Shanmugam NE, Ng YH, Richard Liew JY. Behaviour of Composite Haunched Beam Connection. Engineering Structures, 2002, 24:1451~1463.
[16] Kim YJ, Oh SH, Moon TS. Seismic Behavior and Retrofit of Steel Moment Connections Considering Slab Effects. Engineering Structures, 2004, 26(13):1993~2005.
[17] Richard Liew JY, Teo TH, Shanmugam NE. Composite Joints Subject to Reversal of Loading–Part 1:Experimental Study, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2004, 60(2):221~246
[18]郑德胜.平齐式端板连接组合节点抗震性能的试验研究:[硕士学位论文].南京:南京工业大学土木工程系, 2005
[19] Bursi OS, Sun FF, Postal S. Non-linear Analysis of Steel-concrete Composite Frames with Full and Partial Shear Connection Subjected to Seismic Loads. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2005,61(1):67~92.
[20] Chen SJ, Chao YC. Effect of Composite Action on Seismic Performance of Steel Moment Connections with Reduced Beam Sections. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2001,57:417~434.
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