环氧基吸波涂层的结构设计与吸波性能研究
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摘要
近些年来由于国家经济的迅猛增长,会有更多的电子产品更多、更广地被人们应用到与生活密切相关的领域中,更加方便快捷的为人们的生活服务。可是由此伴随产生的电磁辐射也给快速生活节奏的人们带来不利的影响,严重干扰了人们的正常生活秩序。因此电磁波带来益处的同时也对人体的身体健康造成危害。
本文以环氧树脂(ER)为基体,短切碳纤维粉(CFP),炭黑(CB)和羰基铁粉(CIP)为吸波剂,制备了不同结构、填充率的环氧树脂基吸波涂层。并通过扫描电镜,透射电镜和矢量网络分析仪等仪器设备对上述吸收剂的结构和电磁特性进行了探讨,研究了涂层结构、填料含量和厚度对其微波吸收性能的影响。
实验所用到的CIP的磁损耗能力较为突出,与此同时还兼有不差的介电方面的损耗能力,在吸波材料中应用很广。由于实验所用的纳米CB的良好的电损耗特点和其自身特定的结构被视为现阶段涂层材料研究的热点,是科研工作者研究的重点。同时试验用CFP得益于它独特的形貌特征和制作方法,在制备涂层时能被基体材料很好的分散开来,而且利用其介电方面的特性起到吸收微波的作用,在文章中重点对其的作用原理进行了探讨。
设计双层结构吸波平板涂层,通过设计改变匹配层的含量以达到变化涂层电磁参数的目的,从而可以逐渐减小整个涂层的输入阻抗与自由空间的波阻抗的接近程度,以使得大量的入射电磁波不被涂层表面反射回自由空间而更好的发挥吸收剂的功能,此特性也是设计制备优良吸波性能的吸波材料的前提。试验中通过改变吸收层和匹配层中碳纤维粉的含量,考察加入的碳纤维粉的含量对涂层吸波性能的影响。实验结果发现吸收层中一定量的附加碳纤维粉在很大程度上增强了涂层的吸收效能,总体来讲达到了所要求的薄、轻、宽、强的目的。通过分析发现涂层的吸收性能随着CFP在吸收层中含量的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势,当碳纤维粉的含量(CFP:CB:ER)增加到0.25：0.25：1比例时,双层复合涂层的吸收峰值达到-25dB,频宽(RL<-1OdB)为4.5GHz,涂层展现出最优异的微波吸收性能。
With the development of science and technology and especially the electronic technology, many kinds of electronic appliances are used. Electric products which are more and more applied to people's production and life make great contributions to human civilization and progress. However the electromagnetic wave mutual interference and the impact on the environment have brought great harm to human survival and development. Electromagnetic wave absorbing and protection attract people's attention. So the development of the electromagnetic shielding and absorption materials seem to be more and more important.
In this paper, the absorption coatings with different structures, filling ratio and thickness are prepared based on the epoxy mixing with CFP, CB and CIP. Moreover the structures and performances of the absorbents mentioned above were stated by electronic instruments, such as transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope and so on. Meanwhile the influence on the microwave wave absorbing caused by the coatings structure, filling ratio and thickness were studied.
Studies showed that CIP was both dielectric loss and magnetic loss materials, but to give priority to the magnetic loss. Its special stroboscopic effects could broaden the absorption band. The CB particles have good dielectric properties. But the absorption bandwidth of CB was very thin. The CFP as dipoles or harmonic oscillators avoided to produce continuous conducted current due to the random distribution in the matrix and generated polarization dissipative current under the impressed electromagnetic field. The dissipative current was attenuated to transfer into heating energy under the surrounding matrix.
Through adjusting the content of matching layer, we prepare double layer absorbing coatings to improve the impedance matching. What we have done this is to make the more microwave inter the absorbing coatings and to use the absorbents more efficiently. Moreover this performance is the important factor to consider for designing absorbing composites coatings. Through changing the content of the CFP in the absorption layer, the absorption efficiency was increased to achieve the aim for thin, light, wide and the purpose of the strong. The absorption properties of the coatings first increased, and then decreased with the increase of the CFP content. When the weight content of CFP was0.25:0.25:1(CFP:CB:ER) in the absorption layer, the double-layer coating showed an excellent absorbing properties with the peak value of-25dB at11GHz and the bandwidth(RL<-10dB) of4.5GHz.
本文以环氧树脂(ER)为基体,短切碳纤维粉(CFP),炭黑(CB)和羰基铁粉(CIP)为吸波剂,制备了不同结构、填充率的环氧树脂基吸波涂层。并通过扫描电镜,透射电镜和矢量网络分析仪等仪器设备对上述吸收剂的结构和电磁特性进行了探讨,研究了涂层结构、填料含量和厚度对其微波吸收性能的影响。
实验所用到的CIP的磁损耗能力较为突出,与此同时还兼有不差的介电方面的损耗能力,在吸波材料中应用很广。由于实验所用的纳米CB的良好的电损耗特点和其自身特定的结构被视为现阶段涂层材料研究的热点,是科研工作者研究的重点。同时试验用CFP得益于它独特的形貌特征和制作方法,在制备涂层时能被基体材料很好的分散开来,而且利用其介电方面的特性起到吸收微波的作用,在文章中重点对其的作用原理进行了探讨。
设计双层结构吸波平板涂层,通过设计改变匹配层的含量以达到变化涂层电磁参数的目的,从而可以逐渐减小整个涂层的输入阻抗与自由空间的波阻抗的接近程度,以使得大量的入射电磁波不被涂层表面反射回自由空间而更好的发挥吸收剂的功能,此特性也是设计制备优良吸波性能的吸波材料的前提。试验中通过改变吸收层和匹配层中碳纤维粉的含量,考察加入的碳纤维粉的含量对涂层吸波性能的影响。实验结果发现吸收层中一定量的附加碳纤维粉在很大程度上增强了涂层的吸收效能,总体来讲达到了所要求的薄、轻、宽、强的目的。通过分析发现涂层的吸收性能随着CFP在吸收层中含量的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势,当碳纤维粉的含量(CFP:CB:ER)增加到0.25：0.25：1比例时,双层复合涂层的吸收峰值达到-25dB,频宽(RL<-1OdB)为4.5GHz,涂层展现出最优异的微波吸收性能。
With the development of science and technology and especially the electronic technology, many kinds of electronic appliances are used. Electric products which are more and more applied to people's production and life make great contributions to human civilization and progress. However the electromagnetic wave mutual interference and the impact on the environment have brought great harm to human survival and development. Electromagnetic wave absorbing and protection attract people's attention. So the development of the electromagnetic shielding and absorption materials seem to be more and more important.
In this paper, the absorption coatings with different structures, filling ratio and thickness are prepared based on the epoxy mixing with CFP, CB and CIP. Moreover the structures and performances of the absorbents mentioned above were stated by electronic instruments, such as transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope and so on. Meanwhile the influence on the microwave wave absorbing caused by the coatings structure, filling ratio and thickness were studied.
Studies showed that CIP was both dielectric loss and magnetic loss materials, but to give priority to the magnetic loss. Its special stroboscopic effects could broaden the absorption band. The CB particles have good dielectric properties. But the absorption bandwidth of CB was very thin. The CFP as dipoles or harmonic oscillators avoided to produce continuous conducted current due to the random distribution in the matrix and generated polarization dissipative current under the impressed electromagnetic field. The dissipative current was attenuated to transfer into heating energy under the surrounding matrix.
Through adjusting the content of matching layer, we prepare double layer absorbing coatings to improve the impedance matching. What we have done this is to make the more microwave inter the absorbing coatings and to use the absorbents more efficiently. Moreover this performance is the important factor to consider for designing absorbing composites coatings. Through changing the content of the CFP in the absorption layer, the absorption efficiency was increased to achieve the aim for thin, light, wide and the purpose of the strong. The absorption properties of the coatings first increased, and then decreased with the increase of the CFP content. When the weight content of CFP was0.25:0.25:1(CFP:CB:ER) in the absorption layer, the double-layer coating showed an excellent absorbing properties with the peak value of-25dB at11GHz and the bandwidth(RL<-10dB) of4.5GHz.
引文
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[3]董艳晖.高性能碳纤维屏壁纸的研制及其性能研究[D].陕西：陕西科技大学,2009.
[4]胡雅琴.炭黑ABS复合平板吸波材料的研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2006.
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[9]张柏生等.高聚物和填料的极性对复合体系导电特性的影响[J].高分子材料,1996,1.
[10]刘志维.抗静电HDPE和HIPS片材的研究[D].北京：北京化工大学,2009.
[11]刘杰等.炭黑对复合型导电高分子材料电性能影响[J].现代塑料加工应用,2004,16(3)：58-60.
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[14]Oikonomou A, Giannakopoulou T, Litsardakis G. Design, fabrication and characterization of hexagonal ferrite multi-layer microwave absorber [J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials.2007,316:e827-e830.
[15]沈国柱,徐政,张先如.铁氧体和碳纤维双层复合材料吸波性能研究[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版).2008,36：33-35.
[16]陶宇,等.雷达隐身技术的研究现状及其展望[J].材料导报,2011,25(11)：40-45.
[17]Liu, L D, Duan, Y P, Liu, S H, et al. Microwave absorption properties of one thin sheet employing carbonyl-iron powder and chlorinated polyethylene [J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials.2010,322(13):1736-1740.
[18]Zou Y H, Qing Y G, Jing L Y, Wen S C. Journal of Selected Topics In Quantum Electronics.2010, 16(2).
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