循环流化床锅炉蒸汽热力系统的综合优化研究
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摘要
本文在分析了国内能源现状，确定以燃煤循环流化床驱动的蒸汽热力系统作为研究对象。首先回顾了燃煤循环流化床锅炉和蒸汽输配管网方面的研究成果和不足，并确定以蒸汽热力系统的联合优化控制策略为研究的问题，以蒸汽输配管网和循环流化床锅炉的动态系统建模研究作为控制策略研究的预备知识。该研究将控制系统范围由锅炉本体或者输配管网扩展至锅炉和输配管网的整体。
首先对蒸汽输配管网和循环流化床锅炉的机理建模进行了回顾，确定两个子系统中的变量耦合关系，进而确定了动态系统模型的输入、输出变量。结合系统辨识和控制理论在近年来的发展成果，利用天津市空港经济区工业蒸汽热力系统的输配管网远程抄表系统和75t/h循环流化床锅炉DCS系统获取实验建模数据，分别建立了管网系统的仿真模型和锅炉系统的预测模型。
然后，在此模型基础上，仿真了锅炉出口不同蒸汽参数（压力、温度）下各个蒸汽用户入口处的温度、压力和锅炉出口流量，进而讨论了影响蒸汽输配系统效率的主要因素，提出输配压力是影响蒸汽管网输配效率的主要因素，在压力较高的情况下，提高过热度对提高输配效率是有好处的。
最后，联合循环流化床锅炉和输配管网的动态模型，提出了以模型预测控制为内核的带有流量负荷预测的优化控制策略。选取锅炉输出主蒸汽压力、温度和炉床温度为控制变量，给煤量、一次风量、二次风量和减温水量为操作变量，蒸汽流量负荷为可测量干扰，在仿真环境下对该控制系统进行了仿真。仿真控制效果优于现有的多回路PID控制效果，主要体现在控制精度明显提高，系统调节时间明显缩短。该结果证明本文提出的控制策略在蒸汽热力系统控制优化中是一种有效的方法。
Based on the statistical review of energy resources, steam heating system drivenby coal-fired circulating fluidized bed boiler is selected to be the subject. A literaturesurvey of research on circulating fluidized bed boiler and steam pipeline network iscarried out. The key results and drawbacks are pointed out. This paper focuses onunited optimal control strategy of boiler and the steam pipeline network. Dynamicmodeling of steam pipeline network and circulating fluidized bed boiler is studied aspriori knowledge for the control system development. The research extends thecontrol plant from boiler itself to the united body of boiler and pipelines.
First, the paper reviewed the modeling process of steam pipeline networks andcirculating fluidized bed boiler from the first principles, clarified the correlationbetween system variables, and defined the input and output variables of each system.Experimental modeling data were collected through remote register system of steampipeline network and DCS of75t/h circulating fluidized bed boiler in Tianjin AirportIndustry Park. Taking advantages of the recent development in system identificationand control theory, a simulation model of the steam pipeline network and aprediction model of the boiler were built up.
With help of these models, a simulation study on the energy efficiency of steamdelivery system was put forward. System performance, including pressures andtemperatures at user inlets and steam flow at boiler outlet, under different steam inputparameters was calculated as well as the energy efficiency. It is figured out that themain influence factor to the energy efficiency of steam delivery system is the steampressure. The degree of superheat helps under high pressures.
Finally, taking both models of boiler and pipeline networks into account, acontrol strategy combining model predictive control and steam flow prediction isproposed. The system takes main steam pressure, main steam temperature and boilerbed temperature as control variables, coal supply, primary air, secondary air, andspray water as manipulated variables and main steam flow as measured disturbances.The system performance is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The controlperformance is better than overriding PID control. The main advantages of the proposed control are better control accuracy and shorter settling time. The resultdemonstrates the proposed control is an effective strategy for steam heating systems.
首先对蒸汽输配管网和循环流化床锅炉的机理建模进行了回顾，确定两个子系统中的变量耦合关系，进而确定了动态系统模型的输入、输出变量。结合系统辨识和控制理论在近年来的发展成果，利用天津市空港经济区工业蒸汽热力系统的输配管网远程抄表系统和75t/h循环流化床锅炉DCS系统获取实验建模数据，分别建立了管网系统的仿真模型和锅炉系统的预测模型。
然后，在此模型基础上，仿真了锅炉出口不同蒸汽参数（压力、温度）下各个蒸汽用户入口处的温度、压力和锅炉出口流量，进而讨论了影响蒸汽输配系统效率的主要因素，提出输配压力是影响蒸汽管网输配效率的主要因素，在压力较高的情况下，提高过热度对提高输配效率是有好处的。
最后，联合循环流化床锅炉和输配管网的动态模型，提出了以模型预测控制为内核的带有流量负荷预测的优化控制策略。选取锅炉输出主蒸汽压力、温度和炉床温度为控制变量，给煤量、一次风量、二次风量和减温水量为操作变量，蒸汽流量负荷为可测量干扰，在仿真环境下对该控制系统进行了仿真。仿真控制效果优于现有的多回路PID控制效果，主要体现在控制精度明显提高，系统调节时间明显缩短。该结果证明本文提出的控制策略在蒸汽热力系统控制优化中是一种有效的方法。
Based on the statistical review of energy resources, steam heating system drivenby coal-fired circulating fluidized bed boiler is selected to be the subject. A literaturesurvey of research on circulating fluidized bed boiler and steam pipeline network iscarried out. The key results and drawbacks are pointed out. This paper focuses onunited optimal control strategy of boiler and the steam pipeline network. Dynamicmodeling of steam pipeline network and circulating fluidized bed boiler is studied aspriori knowledge for the control system development. The research extends thecontrol plant from boiler itself to the united body of boiler and pipelines.
First, the paper reviewed the modeling process of steam pipeline networks andcirculating fluidized bed boiler from the first principles, clarified the correlationbetween system variables, and defined the input and output variables of each system.Experimental modeling data were collected through remote register system of steampipeline network and DCS of75t/h circulating fluidized bed boiler in Tianjin AirportIndustry Park. Taking advantages of the recent development in system identificationand control theory, a simulation model of the steam pipeline network and aprediction model of the boiler were built up.
With help of these models, a simulation study on the energy efficiency of steamdelivery system was put forward. System performance, including pressures andtemperatures at user inlets and steam flow at boiler outlet, under different steam inputparameters was calculated as well as the energy efficiency. It is figured out that themain influence factor to the energy efficiency of steam delivery system is the steampressure. The degree of superheat helps under high pressures.
Finally, taking both models of boiler and pipeline networks into account, acontrol strategy combining model predictive control and steam flow prediction isproposed. The system takes main steam pressure, main steam temperature and boilerbed temperature as control variables, coal supply, primary air, secondary air, andspray water as manipulated variables and main steam flow as measured disturbances.The system performance is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The controlperformance is better than overriding PID control. The main advantages of the proposed control are better control accuracy and shorter settling time. The resultdemonstrates the proposed control is an effective strategy for steam heating systems.
引文
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