磁电复合材料及陶瓷粉体的低温合成研究
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摘要
信息产业的迅猛发展使得“轻薄化、多功能化、无线化”成为电子元器件的发展趋势，作为电子元器件载体的电子材料，也顺应这种趋势向高集成化和多功能化发展。低温共烧陶瓷LTCC（Low Temperature Co-firedCeramics）以其优异的电学、机械、热学及工艺特性，已经成为电子器件模块化和集成化的主要技术之一，因此，符合高集成化和多功能化同时具有低温共烧特性的磁电复合材料以及相关的陶瓷粉体应运而生。本论文以具有低温烧结特性的磁电复合材料和陶瓷粉体为研究目标，采用热混热压技术制备了NZO/POE柔性磁电复合材料，采用传统固相烧结法和混杂工艺制备了一系列具有低温共烧特性的磁电复合材料，并对以上磁电复合材料的性能进行了研究。分别采用低温燃烧法和熔盐法制备了NaNbO_3和K_(0.5)Na_(0.5)NbO_3以及LiNbO_3和CoFe_2O_4超细粉体，研究了制备工艺参数对粉体的物相和形貌的影响及相关机理。
（1）采用Nb_2O_5、Na_2CO_3和K_2CO_3为原料，用尿素作为燃料剂，低温燃烧法合成了纯度较高的NaNbO_3和K_(0.5)Na_(0.5)NbO_3超细粉体。研究了热处理温度、保温时间以及尿素的用量等对所得粉体的物相组成和形貌的影响。结果表明：当[Na_2CO_3+Nb_2O_5]/[尿素]比以及[K_2CO_3+Na_2CO_3+Nb_2O_5]/[尿素]比值为1:1，燃烧热处理温度控制为550℃，并在此温度保温时间为6h时可得到的较纯的正交相结构的NaNbO_3和K_(0.5)Na_(0.5)NbO_3超细粉体。通过SEM对所得粉体的形貌进行分析发现晶粒发育完全，大部分呈明显的方形颗粒状，晶粒小且分布均匀。表明尿素可以作为燃烧剂，在反应过程中释放出热量使得NaNbO_3和K_(0.5)Na_(0.5)NbO_3在较低的温度下形成超细粉体。
（2）分别以Li_2SO_4-Na_2SO4和NaCl-KCl为熔盐，采用熔盐法在较低的温度下合成了纯相的LiNbO_3和CoFe_2O_4超细粉体。研究了熔盐的种类及热处理温度、保温时间以及熔盐的用量等对所得粉体的物相组成和形貌的影响。结果表明，以Li_2SO_4-Na_2SO4为熔盐可以在650℃，保温5min的条件下快速合成LiNbO_3超细粉体，而采用NaCl-KCl为熔盐无法得到纯相的LiNbO_3超细粉体。反应物与熔盐的比例从2:1变化到1:2的范围内均可以获得纯相的LiNbO_3超细粉体。由于Li_2SO_4-Na_2SO4熔盐的最低共熔点小于NaCl-KCl熔盐，所以，采用Li_2SO_4-Na_2SO4为熔盐可以在更低的温度（700℃）下得到纯相的CoFe_2O_4超细粉体。对于所合成的LiNbO_3和CoFe_2O_4超细粉体，随着热处理温度的升高和保温时间的延长，粉体的晶粒粒径均呈现出逐渐增大的趋势，晶粒发育逐渐完善。
（3）本论文采用热混热压技术制备了Ni_(0.8)Zn_(0.2)Fe_2O_4/POE (NZO/POE)柔性磁电复合材料。当聚合物基体的含量一定的情况下，随着NZO含量的增加，复合材料的介电常数、磁导率、介电损耗和磁导率均逐渐增加。所有复合材料的截止频率均高于1GHz。复合材料的介电常数和磁导率均显示出较好的频率稳定性。且在测试频率范围内复合材料的具有非常小的介电损耗和磁损耗。随着填充相含量的增加，复合材料的机械性能降低。所有的复合材料均具有较好的柔性。
（4）采用传统的固相烧结法制备了0.7BiFeO_3-0.3BaTiO_3/BiY_2Fe_5O_(12)(BFO-BT/BYIG)和La_(0.1)Bi_(0.9)FeO_3/BiY_2Fe_5O_(12)(LBFO/BYIG)复合材料。用XRD和SEM对复合材料的相组成和微观形貌进行了表征。XRD结果表明铁电功能相和铁磁功能相之间没有明显的化学反应发生，两相能共存。SEM微观结构分析表明，所得复合材料具有较为致密均匀的微观结构。电磁性能研究表明，所得复合材料具有较高的电阻率，从而保证提高磁性的同时，铁电性得到了较好的继承。
（5）采用混杂工艺制备了0.7BiFeO_3-0.3BaTiO_3/Y_3Fe_5O_(12)(BFO-BT/YIG)复合材料。用XRD和SEM对复合材料的相组成和微观形貌进行了表征。XRD结果表明BFO-BT和YIG两相之间没有明显的化学反应发生，两相能共存。SEM微观结构分析表明，所得复合材料具有较为致密均匀的微观结构。表明YIG以溶胶的形式引入可以显著降低烧结温度，从而达到两相的低温共烧。电磁性能研究表明，所得BFO-BT/YIG复合材料具有较高的电阻率，从而保证提高磁性的同时，铁电性得到了较好的继承。当BYIG的含量为5%时，复合材料的剩余极化强度与纯相的BFO-BT几乎相等。
（6）以低熔点BaCu(B_2O-5)作为烧结助剂，分别采用传统的固相烧结法和丝网印刷工艺制备了具有低温烧结特性的Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)TiO_3/Ni_(0.37)Cu_(0.20)Zn_(0.43)Fe_(1.92)O_3.88(BST/NiCuZn)块体复合材料和复合厚膜材料。用XRD和SEM对复合材料的相组成和微观形貌进行了表征。XRD结果表明BST和NiCuZn两相之间没有明显的化学反应发生，两相能共存。SEM微观结构分析表明，所得复合材料具有低温共烧特性且具有较为致密均匀的微观结构。电磁性能研究表明，复合材料的具有较高的介电常数和磁导率以及较小的介电损耗和磁损耗。
（7）采用传统的固相烧结法制备了Bi_3Ti_4O_(12)/Ni_(0.37)Cu_(0.20)Zn_(0.43)Fe_(1.92)O_3.88(BTO/NiCuZn)复合材料。用XRD和SEM对复合材料的相组成和微观形貌进行了表征。XRD结果表明BTO和NiCuZn两相之间没有明显的化学反应发生，两相能共存。SEM微观结构分析表明，950℃烧结所得复合材料具有较为致密均匀的微观结构。电磁性能研究表明，复合材料具有较高的磁导率和巨介电常数效应。巨介电常数效应源于复合材料中存在Maxwell-Wagner界面极化机制，。
（8）以低熔点BaCu(B_2O-5)作为烧结助剂，采用传统的固相烧结法制备了Ba(Fe_(0.5)Nb_(0.5)) O_3/Ni_(0.37)Cu_(0.20)Zn_(0.43)Fe_(1.92)O_3.88(BFN/NiCuZn)复合材料。用XRD和SEM对复合材料的相组成和微观形貌进行了表征。XRD结果表明BTO和NiCuZn两相之间没有明显的化学反应发生，两相能共存。SEM微观结构分析表明，950℃烧结所得复合材料具有较为致密均匀的微观结构。复合材料的具有较高的介电常数和磁导率。NiCuZn的引入可以在一定程度下降低BFN的介电损耗。
With the rapid development of information and wireless technologies, thematerials which can meet the requirements of shrinking circuit dimension,multifunction, high level of passive integration are needed. LTCC is a classicalmethod for integration of components. Thus the magnetoelectric composites withlow sintering temperature and the related ultrafine powder are promisingcandidates for LTCC technology. In this thesis, some magnetoelectriccomposites with low sintering temperature were prepared. NaNbO3,K0.5Na0.5NbO3, LiNbO3and CoFe2O4ultrafine powder were synthesized bylow-temperature combustion method and molten salt synthesis method,respectively. The properties of the above composites and powders wereinvestigated, as well as some related mechanism.
With Nb2O5, Na2CO3and K2CO3as starting materials and urea as fuel,NaNbO3and K0.5Na0.5NbO3powders were synthesized by low-temperaturecombustion method. The effect of calcining temperature, keeping time and theamount of urea on the phase composition and morphology of the powders wereinvestigated in detail. The results show that as the amount of urea is equivalent tothat of starting materials the single-phase orthorhombic NaNbO3andK0.5Na0.5NbO3powders can be obtained at550oC for6h. The as-preparedpowders are composed of well-developed and well-dispersed cubic grains. It canconclude that it is heat originated from the ignition of urea make the formation ofNaNbO3and K0.5Na0.5NbO3powders at lower temperatures.
With Li2SO4-Na2SO4and NaCl-KCl as molten salt, LiNbO3and CoFe2O4powders were synthesized by molten salt synthesis method. The effect ofcalcining temperature, keeping time and the species and amount of urea on the phase composition and morphology of the powders were investigated in detail.The results show that LiNbO3powders can be rapid synthesized at650oC for5min in Li2SO4-Na2SO4molten salt. On the contrary single phase LiNbO3powders cannot be obtained in NaCl-KCl molten salt. Single phase LiNbO3powders can always be obtained with the ratio of starting materials and moltensalt ranged from2:1to1:2. Single phase CoFe2O4powders can be obtained at alower temperature in Li2SO4-Na2SO4molten salt than those in NaCl-KCl moltensalt due to the fact that the eutectic point of Li2SO4-Na2SO4molten salt is lowerthan that of NaCl-KCl molten salt. Single phase CoFe2O4powders can beobtained at700oC. With the increase of calcing temperature and prolongingof the keeping time the grain sizes of the as-prepared LiNbO3and CoFe2O4increase.
Low loss flexible dielectric and magnetic composite with Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4ferrite (NZO) ultrafine particles embedded in a Thermoplastic PolyolefinElastomer (POE) matrix was fabricated using the extrusion technology. Thedielectric and magnetic properties of the as-prepared composites with differentvolume fraction of ceramic fillers were investigated. The results indicate thatwith the increasing of the volume of ceramic fillers, the permittivity,permeability, dielectric loss and magnetic loss of the composites ‘all increase.The cut-off frequencies of the composites are all above1GHz. Because of thelow resistivity of NZO, the dielectric loss of the composites is high in lowfrequency range and decrease with frequency increasing. Good frequencystability of the electromagnetic properties within a wide frequency range wasobserved. With the increasing of the volume of ceramic filler, the tensile strengthincreases and elongation decreases. All the composites show very goodflexibility.
0.7BiFeO3-0.3BaTiO3/BiY2Fe5O12(BFO-BT/BYIG) andLa0.1Bi0.9FeO3/BiY2Fe5O12(LBFO/YIG) composites were synthesized via theconventional solid-state reaction method. The phase composition and surfacemorphology of the composites were investigated using XRD and SEM,respectively. The two main phases can coexist. The composites possess denseand homogenous microstructure. The dielectric and magnetic properties of thecomposites were also investigated. The results show that the as-prepared composites with an excellent combination of ferroelectric and magneticproperties due to high resistivity of the composites.
0.7BiFeO3-0.3BaTiO3/Y3Fe5O12(BFO-BT/YIG) composites weresynthesized via the hybrid processing route. The phase composition and surfacemorphology of the composites were investigated using XRD and SEM,respectively. The two main phases can coexist. The composites possess denseand homogenous microstructure. The dielectric and magnetic properties of thecomposites were also investigated. The results show that the as-preparedcomposites with an excellent combination of ferroelectric and magneticproperties due to high resistivity of the composites.
Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/Ni0.37Cu0.20Zn0.43Fe1.92O3.88(BST/NiCuZn) composite bulksand thick films were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction methodand screen printing method, respectively and sintered at low temperatures withthe addition of BaCu(B2O5). The phase composition and surface morphology ofthe composites were investigated using XRD and SEM, respectively. The twomain phases can coexist. The composites possess dense and homogenousmicrostructure. The dielectric and magnetic properties of the composites werealso investigated. The results show that the BST/NiCuZn composite bulks andthick films possess very high dielectric constants and permeabilities, and verylow loss.
Bi3Ti4O12/Ni0.37Cu0.20Zn0.43Fe1.92O3.88(BTO/NiCuZn) composites with giantdielectric constant and high permeability were synthesized via the conventionalsolid-state reaction method. The phase composition and surface morphology ofthe composites were investigated using XRD and SEM, respectively. The twomain phases can coexist. The composites possess dense and homogenousmicrostructure. The dielectric and magnetic properties of the composites werealso studied. The results show that the BTO/NiCuZn composites have giantdielectric constants and very high permeabilities. The giant dielectric behavior ofthe BTO/NiCuZn composites is mainly attributed to the Maxwell-Wagnerpolarization.
Ba(Fe0.5Nb0.5) O3/Ni0.37Cu0.20Zn0.43Fe1.92O3.88(BFN/NiCuZn) compositescan be sintered at low temperatures with the addition of BaCu(B2O5). The phasecomposition and surface morphology of the composites were investigated using XRD and SEM, respectively. The two main phases can coexist. The compositespossess dense and homogenous microstructure. The dielectric and magneticproperties of the composites were also studied. The results show that theBZN/NiCuZn composites possess very high dielectric constants andpermeabilities. The incorporation of NiCuZn can decrease the dielectric loss ofBFN.
（1）采用Nb_2O_5、Na_2CO_3和K_2CO_3为原料，用尿素作为燃料剂，低温燃烧法合成了纯度较高的NaNbO_3和K_(0.5)Na_(0.5)NbO_3超细粉体。研究了热处理温度、保温时间以及尿素的用量等对所得粉体的物相组成和形貌的影响。结果表明：当[Na_2CO_3+Nb_2O_5]/[尿素]比以及[K_2CO_3+Na_2CO_3+Nb_2O_5]/[尿素]比值为1:1，燃烧热处理温度控制为550℃，并在此温度保温时间为6h时可得到的较纯的正交相结构的NaNbO_3和K_(0.5)Na_(0.5)NbO_3超细粉体。通过SEM对所得粉体的形貌进行分析发现晶粒发育完全，大部分呈明显的方形颗粒状，晶粒小且分布均匀。表明尿素可以作为燃烧剂，在反应过程中释放出热量使得NaNbO_3和K_(0.5)Na_(0.5)NbO_3在较低的温度下形成超细粉体。
（2）分别以Li_2SO_4-Na_2SO4和NaCl-KCl为熔盐，采用熔盐法在较低的温度下合成了纯相的LiNbO_3和CoFe_2O_4超细粉体。研究了熔盐的种类及热处理温度、保温时间以及熔盐的用量等对所得粉体的物相组成和形貌的影响。结果表明，以Li_2SO_4-Na_2SO4为熔盐可以在650℃，保温5min的条件下快速合成LiNbO_3超细粉体，而采用NaCl-KCl为熔盐无法得到纯相的LiNbO_3超细粉体。反应物与熔盐的比例从2:1变化到1:2的范围内均可以获得纯相的LiNbO_3超细粉体。由于Li_2SO_4-Na_2SO4熔盐的最低共熔点小于NaCl-KCl熔盐，所以，采用Li_2SO_4-Na_2SO4为熔盐可以在更低的温度（700℃）下得到纯相的CoFe_2O_4超细粉体。对于所合成的LiNbO_3和CoFe_2O_4超细粉体，随着热处理温度的升高和保温时间的延长，粉体的晶粒粒径均呈现出逐渐增大的趋势，晶粒发育逐渐完善。
（3）本论文采用热混热压技术制备了Ni_(0.8)Zn_(0.2)Fe_2O_4/POE (NZO/POE)柔性磁电复合材料。当聚合物基体的含量一定的情况下，随着NZO含量的增加，复合材料的介电常数、磁导率、介电损耗和磁导率均逐渐增加。所有复合材料的截止频率均高于1GHz。复合材料的介电常数和磁导率均显示出较好的频率稳定性。且在测试频率范围内复合材料的具有非常小的介电损耗和磁损耗。随着填充相含量的增加，复合材料的机械性能降低。所有的复合材料均具有较好的柔性。
（4）采用传统的固相烧结法制备了0.7BiFeO_3-0.3BaTiO_3/BiY_2Fe_5O_(12)(BFO-BT/BYIG)和La_(0.1)Bi_(0.9)FeO_3/BiY_2Fe_5O_(12)(LBFO/BYIG)复合材料。用XRD和SEM对复合材料的相组成和微观形貌进行了表征。XRD结果表明铁电功能相和铁磁功能相之间没有明显的化学反应发生，两相能共存。SEM微观结构分析表明，所得复合材料具有较为致密均匀的微观结构。电磁性能研究表明，所得复合材料具有较高的电阻率，从而保证提高磁性的同时，铁电性得到了较好的继承。
（5）采用混杂工艺制备了0.7BiFeO_3-0.3BaTiO_3/Y_3Fe_5O_(12)(BFO-BT/YIG)复合材料。用XRD和SEM对复合材料的相组成和微观形貌进行了表征。XRD结果表明BFO-BT和YIG两相之间没有明显的化学反应发生，两相能共存。SEM微观结构分析表明，所得复合材料具有较为致密均匀的微观结构。表明YIG以溶胶的形式引入可以显著降低烧结温度，从而达到两相的低温共烧。电磁性能研究表明，所得BFO-BT/YIG复合材料具有较高的电阻率，从而保证提高磁性的同时，铁电性得到了较好的继承。当BYIG的含量为5%时，复合材料的剩余极化强度与纯相的BFO-BT几乎相等。
（6）以低熔点BaCu(B_2O-5)作为烧结助剂，分别采用传统的固相烧结法和丝网印刷工艺制备了具有低温烧结特性的Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)TiO_3/Ni_(0.37)Cu_(0.20)Zn_(0.43)Fe_(1.92)O_3.88(BST/NiCuZn)块体复合材料和复合厚膜材料。用XRD和SEM对复合材料的相组成和微观形貌进行了表征。XRD结果表明BST和NiCuZn两相之间没有明显的化学反应发生，两相能共存。SEM微观结构分析表明，所得复合材料具有低温共烧特性且具有较为致密均匀的微观结构。电磁性能研究表明，复合材料的具有较高的介电常数和磁导率以及较小的介电损耗和磁损耗。
（7）采用传统的固相烧结法制备了Bi_3Ti_4O_(12)/Ni_(0.37)Cu_(0.20)Zn_(0.43)Fe_(1.92)O_3.88(BTO/NiCuZn)复合材料。用XRD和SEM对复合材料的相组成和微观形貌进行了表征。XRD结果表明BTO和NiCuZn两相之间没有明显的化学反应发生，两相能共存。SEM微观结构分析表明，950℃烧结所得复合材料具有较为致密均匀的微观结构。电磁性能研究表明，复合材料具有较高的磁导率和巨介电常数效应。巨介电常数效应源于复合材料中存在Maxwell-Wagner界面极化机制，。
（8）以低熔点BaCu(B_2O-5)作为烧结助剂，采用传统的固相烧结法制备了Ba(Fe_(0.5)Nb_(0.5)) O_3/Ni_(0.37)Cu_(0.20)Zn_(0.43)Fe_(1.92)O_3.88(BFN/NiCuZn)复合材料。用XRD和SEM对复合材料的相组成和微观形貌进行了表征。XRD结果表明BTO和NiCuZn两相之间没有明显的化学反应发生，两相能共存。SEM微观结构分析表明，950℃烧结所得复合材料具有较为致密均匀的微观结构。复合材料的具有较高的介电常数和磁导率。NiCuZn的引入可以在一定程度下降低BFN的介电损耗。
With the rapid development of information and wireless technologies, thematerials which can meet the requirements of shrinking circuit dimension,multifunction, high level of passive integration are needed. LTCC is a classicalmethod for integration of components. Thus the magnetoelectric composites withlow sintering temperature and the related ultrafine powder are promisingcandidates for LTCC technology. In this thesis, some magnetoelectriccomposites with low sintering temperature were prepared. NaNbO3,K0.5Na0.5NbO3, LiNbO3and CoFe2O4ultrafine powder were synthesized bylow-temperature combustion method and molten salt synthesis method,respectively. The properties of the above composites and powders wereinvestigated, as well as some related mechanism.
With Nb2O5, Na2CO3and K2CO3as starting materials and urea as fuel,NaNbO3and K0.5Na0.5NbO3powders were synthesized by low-temperaturecombustion method. The effect of calcining temperature, keeping time and theamount of urea on the phase composition and morphology of the powders wereinvestigated in detail. The results show that as the amount of urea is equivalent tothat of starting materials the single-phase orthorhombic NaNbO3andK0.5Na0.5NbO3powders can be obtained at550oC for6h. The as-preparedpowders are composed of well-developed and well-dispersed cubic grains. It canconclude that it is heat originated from the ignition of urea make the formation ofNaNbO3and K0.5Na0.5NbO3powders at lower temperatures.
With Li2SO4-Na2SO4and NaCl-KCl as molten salt, LiNbO3and CoFe2O4powders were synthesized by molten salt synthesis method. The effect ofcalcining temperature, keeping time and the species and amount of urea on the phase composition and morphology of the powders were investigated in detail.The results show that LiNbO3powders can be rapid synthesized at650oC for5min in Li2SO4-Na2SO4molten salt. On the contrary single phase LiNbO3powders cannot be obtained in NaCl-KCl molten salt. Single phase LiNbO3powders can always be obtained with the ratio of starting materials and moltensalt ranged from2:1to1:2. Single phase CoFe2O4powders can be obtained at alower temperature in Li2SO4-Na2SO4molten salt than those in NaCl-KCl moltensalt due to the fact that the eutectic point of Li2SO4-Na2SO4molten salt is lowerthan that of NaCl-KCl molten salt. Single phase CoFe2O4powders can beobtained at700oC. With the increase of calcing temperature and prolongingof the keeping time the grain sizes of the as-prepared LiNbO3and CoFe2O4increase.
Low loss flexible dielectric and magnetic composite with Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4ferrite (NZO) ultrafine particles embedded in a Thermoplastic PolyolefinElastomer (POE) matrix was fabricated using the extrusion technology. Thedielectric and magnetic properties of the as-prepared composites with differentvolume fraction of ceramic fillers were investigated. The results indicate thatwith the increasing of the volume of ceramic fillers, the permittivity,permeability, dielectric loss and magnetic loss of the composites ‘all increase.The cut-off frequencies of the composites are all above1GHz. Because of thelow resistivity of NZO, the dielectric loss of the composites is high in lowfrequency range and decrease with frequency increasing. Good frequencystability of the electromagnetic properties within a wide frequency range wasobserved. With the increasing of the volume of ceramic filler, the tensile strengthincreases and elongation decreases. All the composites show very goodflexibility.
0.7BiFeO3-0.3BaTiO3/BiY2Fe5O12(BFO-BT/BYIG) andLa0.1Bi0.9FeO3/BiY2Fe5O12(LBFO/YIG) composites were synthesized via theconventional solid-state reaction method. The phase composition and surfacemorphology of the composites were investigated using XRD and SEM,respectively. The two main phases can coexist. The composites possess denseand homogenous microstructure. The dielectric and magnetic properties of thecomposites were also investigated. The results show that the as-prepared composites with an excellent combination of ferroelectric and magneticproperties due to high resistivity of the composites.
0.7BiFeO3-0.3BaTiO3/Y3Fe5O12(BFO-BT/YIG) composites weresynthesized via the hybrid processing route. The phase composition and surfacemorphology of the composites were investigated using XRD and SEM,respectively. The two main phases can coexist. The composites possess denseand homogenous microstructure. The dielectric and magnetic properties of thecomposites were also investigated. The results show that the as-preparedcomposites with an excellent combination of ferroelectric and magneticproperties due to high resistivity of the composites.
Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/Ni0.37Cu0.20Zn0.43Fe1.92O3.88(BST/NiCuZn) composite bulksand thick films were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction methodand screen printing method, respectively and sintered at low temperatures withthe addition of BaCu(B2O5). The phase composition and surface morphology ofthe composites were investigated using XRD and SEM, respectively. The twomain phases can coexist. The composites possess dense and homogenousmicrostructure. The dielectric and magnetic properties of the composites werealso investigated. The results show that the BST/NiCuZn composite bulks andthick films possess very high dielectric constants and permeabilities, and verylow loss.
Bi3Ti4O12/Ni0.37Cu0.20Zn0.43Fe1.92O3.88(BTO/NiCuZn) composites with giantdielectric constant and high permeability were synthesized via the conventionalsolid-state reaction method. The phase composition and surface morphology ofthe composites were investigated using XRD and SEM, respectively. The twomain phases can coexist. The composites possess dense and homogenousmicrostructure. The dielectric and magnetic properties of the composites werealso studied. The results show that the BTO/NiCuZn composites have giantdielectric constants and very high permeabilities. The giant dielectric behavior ofthe BTO/NiCuZn composites is mainly attributed to the Maxwell-Wagnerpolarization.
Ba(Fe0.5Nb0.5) O3/Ni0.37Cu0.20Zn0.43Fe1.92O3.88(BFN/NiCuZn) compositescan be sintered at low temperatures with the addition of BaCu(B2O5). The phasecomposition and surface morphology of the composites were investigated using XRD and SEM, respectively. The two main phases can coexist. The compositespossess dense and homogenous microstructure. The dielectric and magneticproperties of the composites were also studied. The results show that theBZN/NiCuZn composites possess very high dielectric constants andpermeabilities. The incorporation of NiCuZn can decrease the dielectric loss ofBFN.
引文
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