石油污染土壤生物修复试验研究
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摘要
微生物对污染土壤和水体中石油烃的降解严重受氧含量的制约,缺乏分子氧微生物基本无法降解土壤和水体中的石油。如果能通过提供氧分子以外的其它电子受体来改善微生物对石油污染的修复,就可望为土壤和水体石油污染生物修复开辟新途径。
本研究在缺氧和厌氧条件下,采用批式试验方法研究了活性污泥在供给硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、EDTA铁盐或硝酸盐+EDTA铁盐下对苯的降解效果,探讨了这些电子受体对苯缺氧和厌氧微生物降解的影响以及这些电子受体之间的相互作用。结果表明:
(1)微生物可以在缺氧条件下利用硝酸盐作为电子受体加速苯的降解。控制适宜的C/N比不仅可以促进苯的完全降解,而且还可以避免硝酸盐引起地下水的二次污染。本研究通过改变硝酸盐浓度来确定苯在不同C/N比情况下的降解效果,结果显示,苯在C/N比为15左右时生物降解效果最好。
(2)在供给硝酸盐时,苯的生物降解作用、硝酸盐还原和亚硝酸盐暂时累积现象同时出现;
(3)当供给亚硝酸盐时,苯的生物降解作用不明显;
(4)在供给EDTA铁盐为电子受体时,苯的生物降解作用明显,亚铁盐浓度逐渐升高;
(5)当同时供给硝酸盐和EDTA铁盐时,苯的生物降解作用明显,并且没有出现明显的亚硝酸盐和亚铁盐累积现象。表明同时供给硝酸盐和EDTA铁盐时,伴随苯的降解首先硝酸盐和铁盐还原产生亚硝酸盐和亚铁盐,随后亚硝酸盐将亚铁盐氧化为铁盐,氧化产生的铁盐又继续作为苯降解的电子受体来降解苯;铁离子和亚铁离子之间构成的氧化还原循环促进了苯的缺氧降解和硝酸盐还原。
Oxygen is one of the key control factors of petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation in contaminated soil and water body due to the fact that the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons typically occurs under aerobic condition. A potential method to improve bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soil and water body under oxygen-free condition is to supply alterative electron acceptors in the biodegradation process.
This research was carried out in batch test using activated sludge to investigate the biodegradation of benzene under anoxic condition (using nitrate, nitrite and EDTA-ferric as electron acceptors) and anaerobic condition (using EDTA-ferric as electron acceptors). The results of the effects of supplying the alterative electron acceptors on biodegradation of benzene show that:
(1) Benzene can be biodegraded with nitrate as electron acceptor under anoxic condition. C/N ratio affects not only biodegradation of benzene, but also removal of contamination due to excess nitrate. The optimum C to N ratio for biodegradation of benzene is at about 15.
(2) Biodegradation of benzene, reduction of nitrate and accumulation of nitrite occurred simultaneously when nitrate used as electron acceptor.
(3) Less benzene was removed when nitrite were fed as electron acceptor.
(4) When EDTA-ferric was supplied as electron acceptor, the amount of benzene removed significantly increased while ferrous concentration gradually increased.
(5) More benzene was removed when nitrate and EDTA-ferric used as electron acceptor. It is implied that the nitrate and ferric ion were reduced into nitrite and ferrous ion firstly during benzene degradation, and then ferrous ion was further oxidized into ferric ion using nitrite as electron acceptor ensuing less nitrite and ferrous ion accumulated in the activated sludge system, finally the resultant ferric ion acted as electron acceptor in the benzene biodegradation process. Higher degree of benzene biodegradation and nitration reduction could be achieved due to the iron ion reduction-oxidization cycle under oxygen-free condition.
本研究在缺氧和厌氧条件下,采用批式试验方法研究了活性污泥在供给硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、EDTA铁盐或硝酸盐+EDTA铁盐下对苯的降解效果,探讨了这些电子受体对苯缺氧和厌氧微生物降解的影响以及这些电子受体之间的相互作用。结果表明:
(1)微生物可以在缺氧条件下利用硝酸盐作为电子受体加速苯的降解。控制适宜的C/N比不仅可以促进苯的完全降解,而且还可以避免硝酸盐引起地下水的二次污染。本研究通过改变硝酸盐浓度来确定苯在不同C/N比情况下的降解效果,结果显示,苯在C/N比为15左右时生物降解效果最好。
(2)在供给硝酸盐时,苯的生物降解作用、硝酸盐还原和亚硝酸盐暂时累积现象同时出现;
(3)当供给亚硝酸盐时,苯的生物降解作用不明显;
(4)在供给EDTA铁盐为电子受体时,苯的生物降解作用明显,亚铁盐浓度逐渐升高;
(5)当同时供给硝酸盐和EDTA铁盐时,苯的生物降解作用明显,并且没有出现明显的亚硝酸盐和亚铁盐累积现象。表明同时供给硝酸盐和EDTA铁盐时,伴随苯的降解首先硝酸盐和铁盐还原产生亚硝酸盐和亚铁盐,随后亚硝酸盐将亚铁盐氧化为铁盐,氧化产生的铁盐又继续作为苯降解的电子受体来降解苯;铁离子和亚铁离子之间构成的氧化还原循环促进了苯的缺氧降解和硝酸盐还原。
Oxygen is one of the key control factors of petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation in contaminated soil and water body due to the fact that the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons typically occurs under aerobic condition. A potential method to improve bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soil and water body under oxygen-free condition is to supply alterative electron acceptors in the biodegradation process.
This research was carried out in batch test using activated sludge to investigate the biodegradation of benzene under anoxic condition (using nitrate, nitrite and EDTA-ferric as electron acceptors) and anaerobic condition (using EDTA-ferric as electron acceptors). The results of the effects of supplying the alterative electron acceptors on biodegradation of benzene show that:
(1) Benzene can be biodegraded with nitrate as electron acceptor under anoxic condition. C/N ratio affects not only biodegradation of benzene, but also removal of contamination due to excess nitrate. The optimum C to N ratio for biodegradation of benzene is at about 15.
(2) Biodegradation of benzene, reduction of nitrate and accumulation of nitrite occurred simultaneously when nitrate used as electron acceptor.
(3) Less benzene was removed when nitrite were fed as electron acceptor.
(4) When EDTA-ferric was supplied as electron acceptor, the amount of benzene removed significantly increased while ferrous concentration gradually increased.
(5) More benzene was removed when nitrate and EDTA-ferric used as electron acceptor. It is implied that the nitrate and ferric ion were reduced into nitrite and ferrous ion firstly during benzene degradation, and then ferrous ion was further oxidized into ferric ion using nitrite as electron acceptor ensuing less nitrite and ferrous ion accumulated in the activated sludge system, finally the resultant ferric ion acted as electron acceptor in the benzene biodegradation process. Higher degree of benzene biodegradation and nitration reduction could be achieved due to the iron ion reduction-oxidization cycle under oxygen-free condition.
引文
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