氨基甲酸甲酯生产残渣的处理及利用研究
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摘要
用尿素和甲醇合成极具经济价值的精细化学品氨基甲酸甲酯(MC)的技术已经成功实现工业化生产。但在生产过程中,反应釜液经过减压蒸馏,分离出MC产品以后,产生了少量固体废物,如果不对其进行回收利用处理,一则造成大量的资源浪费,二则废渣排放将造成严重的环境污染。为了解决此问题,彻底实现绿色化生产,必须对残渣进行处理及再利用研究。
本论文正是基于上述要求提出的MC生产固体废物的分析手段的建立及其有用成分的回收利用和深度处理技术研究。经查阅大量文献,最终确定MC生产产生残渣的主要成分为尿素、MC和缩二脲。经多次研究,本课题采用对二甲氨基苯甲醛比色法测定尿素和MC的含量,原理是MC和尿素都可以与对二甲氨基苯甲醛进行Ehrlich反应,生成柠檬黄色物质(对二甲胺基苯亚甲基胺基甲酸甲酯和N-对二甲胺基苯亚甲基脲),其质量浓度与吸光度符合Beer定律,从而可用分光光度法进行定量分析。采用铜复盐分光光度法测定缩二脲的含量,原理是在碱性溶液中,在没有氨及其它不溶物的干扰下,缩二脲能与酒石酸铜复盐生成紫红色的缩二脲铜配合物,其质量浓度与吸光度符合Beer定律,可以进行比色测定。对这两种方法的最大吸收波长、显色酸度、显色剂用量、显色时间进行了优化选择,对其精密度和准确度、校准曲线的线性范围及检测极限分别进行了测定,均取得了满意效果。用这两种方法分析测定得到MC生产产生残渣中尿素、MC和缩二脲的含量分别为40.49 %、20.1%和9.16%(质量分数);利用残渣和甲醇进一步反应再生生成MC,反应采用高温反应装置,对其反应条件进行优化得到反应的适宜条件为:反应温度为174℃,甲醇与残渣的质量之比为6:1,反应时间为3.5 h,反应自封压力为1.9MPa,在此封闭体系下MC粗产品收率达86.39%,残渣利用率为69.58%。反应釜液采用常压蒸馏分离出甲醇,甲醇可以再次使用,效果良好,剩余反应釜液经减压蒸馏分离得到纯度为96.32%的MC粗产品,MC粗产品经体积比1:2的氯仿与二氯甲烷萃取重结晶提纯得到纯度为99.25%的MC产品。
The technologies synthesize Methyl Carbamate (MC) which has great economic value with urea and methanol has been successfully achieved in industrial production. However, in the production process, there are little residues left after the MC has been isolated from the reaction system by the vacuum distillation. If these residues were not recycled, for one thing, a large waste of resources would be wasted, for another thing, environmental pollution would be caused seriously. In order to solve these probnd advanced treat the waste residues which based on the problems above. After reviewing a large number of literatures, it can be concluded that, the main ingredients of residues are urea, MC and biuret. After repeated study, the method Of dimethylamino-benzaldehyde colorimetric is used to determinate the content of urea and MC. The principle is that MC and urea all can react with the dimethylamino benzaldehyde-Ehrlich reaction and generate lemon yellow material (dimethylamine benzene methylene amino methyl formate and N-dimethylamine benzene methylene urea). The concentrations and absorbances of these two substances are consistent with Beer's Law. So spectrophotometry can be used to measure the concentration of MC and urea. The method of copper complex salt photometry is used to determinate the content of biuret. The principle is that in alkaline solution without interference of ammonia and other insoluble matter, biuret can react with the double salt of copper tartrate and generate purple biuret of copper complexes. The concentration and absorbance of this complex is consistent with Beer's Law. So spectrophotometry can be used to measure the concentration of biuret. The maximum absorption wavelength, medium acidity, the amount of chromogenic material, reaction time of the two methods had been optimized. The precision and accuracy of the two methods, linear range and detection limit of calibration curve have been measured. The results are satisfactory. The respectively percentages of urea, MC and biuret are 40.09%, 20.10% and9.16% which are determinated by the two methods. The optimum conditions synthesizing methyl carbamate (MC) with residues and methanol are: the reaction temperature is 174℃, the feed ratio of methanol and residues is 6:1(the ratio of quality), the reaction time is 3.5h, and the Self-styled pressure is 1.9MPa.In the closed system and the optimum reaction conditions, the crude MC yield is 86.39%, the use efficiency of the residuces is 69.58%. Atmospheric distillation is used to isolated methanol from the reaction system. Isolated methanol can be used again and the results were very good. Vacuum distillation is used to isolate crude MC from the reaction system. The purity of crude MC is 96.32%. The purity of MC product is 99.25% after purification.
本论文正是基于上述要求提出的MC生产固体废物的分析手段的建立及其有用成分的回收利用和深度处理技术研究。经查阅大量文献,最终确定MC生产产生残渣的主要成分为尿素、MC和缩二脲。经多次研究,本课题采用对二甲氨基苯甲醛比色法测定尿素和MC的含量,原理是MC和尿素都可以与对二甲氨基苯甲醛进行Ehrlich反应,生成柠檬黄色物质(对二甲胺基苯亚甲基胺基甲酸甲酯和N-对二甲胺基苯亚甲基脲),其质量浓度与吸光度符合Beer定律,从而可用分光光度法进行定量分析。采用铜复盐分光光度法测定缩二脲的含量,原理是在碱性溶液中,在没有氨及其它不溶物的干扰下,缩二脲能与酒石酸铜复盐生成紫红色的缩二脲铜配合物,其质量浓度与吸光度符合Beer定律,可以进行比色测定。对这两种方法的最大吸收波长、显色酸度、显色剂用量、显色时间进行了优化选择,对其精密度和准确度、校准曲线的线性范围及检测极限分别进行了测定,均取得了满意效果。用这两种方法分析测定得到MC生产产生残渣中尿素、MC和缩二脲的含量分别为40.49 %、20.1%和9.16%(质量分数);利用残渣和甲醇进一步反应再生生成MC,反应采用高温反应装置,对其反应条件进行优化得到反应的适宜条件为:反应温度为174℃,甲醇与残渣的质量之比为6:1,反应时间为3.5 h,反应自封压力为1.9MPa,在此封闭体系下MC粗产品收率达86.39%,残渣利用率为69.58%。反应釜液采用常压蒸馏分离出甲醇,甲醇可以再次使用,效果良好,剩余反应釜液经减压蒸馏分离得到纯度为96.32%的MC粗产品,MC粗产品经体积比1:2的氯仿与二氯甲烷萃取重结晶提纯得到纯度为99.25%的MC产品。
The technologies synthesize Methyl Carbamate (MC) which has great economic value with urea and methanol has been successfully achieved in industrial production. However, in the production process, there are little residues left after the MC has been isolated from the reaction system by the vacuum distillation. If these residues were not recycled, for one thing, a large waste of resources would be wasted, for another thing, environmental pollution would be caused seriously. In order to solve these probnd advanced treat the waste residues which based on the problems above. After reviewing a large number of literatures, it can be concluded that, the main ingredients of residues are urea, MC and biuret. After repeated study, the method Of dimethylamino-benzaldehyde colorimetric is used to determinate the content of urea and MC. The principle is that MC and urea all can react with the dimethylamino benzaldehyde-Ehrlich reaction and generate lemon yellow material (dimethylamine benzene methylene amino methyl formate and N-dimethylamine benzene methylene urea). The concentrations and absorbances of these two substances are consistent with Beer's Law. So spectrophotometry can be used to measure the concentration of MC and urea. The method of copper complex salt photometry is used to determinate the content of biuret. The principle is that in alkaline solution without interference of ammonia and other insoluble matter, biuret can react with the double salt of copper tartrate and generate purple biuret of copper complexes. The concentration and absorbance of this complex is consistent with Beer's Law. So spectrophotometry can be used to measure the concentration of biuret. The maximum absorption wavelength, medium acidity, the amount of chromogenic material, reaction time of the two methods had been optimized. The precision and accuracy of the two methods, linear range and detection limit of calibration curve have been measured. The results are satisfactory. The respectively percentages of urea, MC and biuret are 40.09%, 20.10% and9.16% which are determinated by the two methods. The optimum conditions synthesizing methyl carbamate (MC) with residues and methanol are: the reaction temperature is 174℃, the feed ratio of methanol and residues is 6:1(the ratio of quality), the reaction time is 3.5h, and the Self-styled pressure is 1.9MPa.In the closed system and the optimum reaction conditions, the crude MC yield is 86.39%, the use efficiency of the residuces is 69.58%. Atmospheric distillation is used to isolated methanol from the reaction system. Isolated methanol can be used again and the results were very good. Vacuum distillation is used to isolate crude MC from the reaction system. The purity of crude MC is 96.32%. The purity of MC product is 99.25% after purification.
引文
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[3]关冰冰,宁蕊.浅议固体废物的处理与可持续发展.科协论坛,2007,(10):74
[4]郑帅.工业废渣面面观.公共科学,2007,(32):21
[5]吴红山.小议固体废物处理技术与可持续发展.高校理科研究,2008,(2):96
[6]李宝荣.固体废弃物的处理.山西师大体育学院学报,2007,(22):119-120
[7]刘凌云,冯小明.干化焚烧工艺用于石化固体废物处理.乙烯工业,2007,19(3):57-60
[8]谢小兵,欧阳小琴,唐本义.固体废弃物的热裂解技术处理.江西能源,2004,(1):27-29
[9]孟娟,朱复海,朱申红.浮选的原理及其在固体废物处理中的应用.青岛建筑工程学院学报,2003,24(3):25-26
[10]吴芳,罗爱平,李楠.含重金属水处理污泥的固化和浸出毒性研究.环境污染治理技术与设备,2003,12(4):40～42
[11]吴德礼,朱申红.生物法在固体废物处理中的应用.中国资源综合利用,2004,(6):18-21
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[14]李艳.缩二脲的性能与生产.宁夏石油化工,2004,(1):13-15
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