井控设备冬季保温装置的研究
摘要
为了全面提高井控设备配套水平,寻求可持续发展新的经济增长点,经过大量前期调研、论证,本文开发了一种适应大庆地区冬季工作环境要求的井控设备保温系统。
本课题根据节流、压井管汇的特点,通过对井控设备冬季保温装置的总体设计;对低压供给电源进行配套研究,开发适合施工现场的稳压电源;利用室内实验装置优选保温材料;设计保温结构的本体;设计井控保温装置的温控系统;井控设备冬季保温装置加工;现场安装调试及实验等各环节的实施。设计出了成套的井控设备冬季保温加热装置,利用加热体对井控设进行加热保温。
采用镍铬金属丝加热的方法,将镍铬金属丝点焊在密闭的加热体中,两侧用云母片包裹,以达到绝缘的目的。根据被加热体的不同几何形状,制做出相对应形状的保温加热模块,使用时,只需根据加热体的不同几何形状进行保温加热模块组对安装,采用快速卡子安装,快速、便捷。通过选用保温性能优良的复合硅酸盐保温材料做为本课题的保温材料,既解决安装位置空间限制问题,又保证了保温的经济性。供配电系统采用干式隔离变压器供电,380V变36V的安全工作电压,电压稳定值在36V±1V之间,配电箱采用插拔式结构,外面配有金属屏蔽层。加热体的电源引出采用环氧树脂封装,整个系统具有较好的防爆性能。加热器的自动温度控制功能可确保被加热对象温度不超过其允许的安全温度。整个系统拆装快捷、方便,可重复使用,保证了井队使用起来更经济。
为验证所研制装置是否达到设计要求及是否满足工程需要,分别进行了室内外试验。试验结果表明,所研制的井控设备冬季保温加热装置达到设计要求,能够满足工程需要,该套装置不仅加热保温效果好,而且安全、便捷、操作方便。
The effect of insulation methods has security risks, such as the existence of leakage.In order to comprehensively improve the level of well control equipment, and to find sustainable development of new economic growth points, after a large number of early stage research, feasibility studies, this paper has developed the well control equipment requirements of thermal insulation system to adapt the working environment of Daqing region in winter.
Expenditure in accordance with the subject, snubbing pipe sinks feature of well control equipment through winter insulation device design,low-voltage power supply to carry out supporting research and development for construction site of the regulated power supply, use of indoor experimental setup preferred insulation materials; insulation design body structure, design well-controlled temperature control system of thermal insulation devices, well control equipment winter insulation device processing; live and experimental, such as installation and debugging of the implementation of the link. A set of well control equipment insulation in winter heating device is designed, the heating body is used to heat well-controlled heating insulation.
The use of nickel-chromium hot metal filament method to spot welding nickel-chromium wire heating in an enclosed body, on both sides with mica-chip package in order to achieve the purpose of insulation. Body is heated in accordance with the different geometry of the system corresponding to the shape of the insulation of heating modules, when used only in accordance with the different heating body geometry module to insulation group on the installation of heating, Nagarze Fast installation, fast and convenient. Excellent performance through the selection of insulation compound silicate insulation material as a thermal insulation material of the subject, not only to resolve the issue of the installation location of space constraints, but also to ensure that the insulation of the economy. Distribution system for the use of dry-type isolation transformer power supply, 380V variable safe working voltage of 36V, voltage stability value between 36V±1V, distribution box using pluggable structure, outside with a metal shield. Body heating power leads to the use of epoxy resin package, the whole system has good performance of explosion-proof. Heater features automatic temperature control to ensure that the object is heated the temperature does not exceed the allowable safe temperature. Dismantling the entire system fast, convenient, reusable, and ensure the team well more economical to use.
In order to verify whether the device meets the design and project requirements, tests of indoor and outdoor are both done. Test results show that the well control equipment developed by the winter heating device insulation can meet the design requirements, and can also meet the needs of the sets of heat insulation device which is not only effective but also safe, convenient, easy to operate.
本课题根据节流、压井管汇的特点,通过对井控设备冬季保温装置的总体设计;对低压供给电源进行配套研究,开发适合施工现场的稳压电源;利用室内实验装置优选保温材料;设计保温结构的本体;设计井控保温装置的温控系统;井控设备冬季保温装置加工;现场安装调试及实验等各环节的实施。设计出了成套的井控设备冬季保温加热装置,利用加热体对井控设进行加热保温。
采用镍铬金属丝加热的方法,将镍铬金属丝点焊在密闭的加热体中,两侧用云母片包裹,以达到绝缘的目的。根据被加热体的不同几何形状,制做出相对应形状的保温加热模块,使用时,只需根据加热体的不同几何形状进行保温加热模块组对安装,采用快速卡子安装,快速、便捷。通过选用保温性能优良的复合硅酸盐保温材料做为本课题的保温材料,既解决安装位置空间限制问题,又保证了保温的经济性。供配电系统采用干式隔离变压器供电,380V变36V的安全工作电压,电压稳定值在36V±1V之间,配电箱采用插拔式结构,外面配有金属屏蔽层。加热体的电源引出采用环氧树脂封装,整个系统具有较好的防爆性能。加热器的自动温度控制功能可确保被加热对象温度不超过其允许的安全温度。整个系统拆装快捷、方便,可重复使用,保证了井队使用起来更经济。
为验证所研制装置是否达到设计要求及是否满足工程需要,分别进行了室内外试验。试验结果表明,所研制的井控设备冬季保温加热装置达到设计要求,能够满足工程需要,该套装置不仅加热保温效果好,而且安全、便捷、操作方便。
The effect of insulation methods has security risks, such as the existence of leakage.In order to comprehensively improve the level of well control equipment, and to find sustainable development of new economic growth points, after a large number of early stage research, feasibility studies, this paper has developed the well control equipment requirements of thermal insulation system to adapt the working environment of Daqing region in winter.
Expenditure in accordance with the subject, snubbing pipe sinks feature of well control equipment through winter insulation device design,low-voltage power supply to carry out supporting research and development for construction site of the regulated power supply, use of indoor experimental setup preferred insulation materials; insulation design body structure, design well-controlled temperature control system of thermal insulation devices, well control equipment winter insulation device processing; live and experimental, such as installation and debugging of the implementation of the link. A set of well control equipment insulation in winter heating device is designed, the heating body is used to heat well-controlled heating insulation.
The use of nickel-chromium hot metal filament method to spot welding nickel-chromium wire heating in an enclosed body, on both sides with mica-chip package in order to achieve the purpose of insulation. Body is heated in accordance with the different geometry of the system corresponding to the shape of the insulation of heating modules, when used only in accordance with the different heating body geometry module to insulation group on the installation of heating, Nagarze Fast installation, fast and convenient. Excellent performance through the selection of insulation compound silicate insulation material as a thermal insulation material of the subject, not only to resolve the issue of the installation location of space constraints, but also to ensure that the insulation of the economy. Distribution system for the use of dry-type isolation transformer power supply, 380V variable safe working voltage of 36V, voltage stability value between 36V±1V, distribution box using pluggable structure, outside with a metal shield. Body heating power leads to the use of epoxy resin package, the whole system has good performance of explosion-proof. Heater features automatic temperature control to ensure that the object is heated the temperature does not exceed the allowable safe temperature. Dismantling the entire system fast, convenient, reusable, and ensure the team well more economical to use.
In order to verify whether the device meets the design and project requirements, tests of indoor and outdoor are both done. Test results show that the well control equipment developed by the winter heating device insulation can meet the design requirements, and can also meet the needs of the sets of heat insulation device which is not only effective but also safe, convenient, easy to operate.
引文
[1]张玉英,王永宏.节流压井管汇在井控技术中的作用[J].石油矿场机械,2007,36(6):56～57.
[2]陈惠玲.节流管汇存在的问题及改进措施[J].天然气工业,1998,18(4):91～92.
[3]徐丹,刘润广,陈林.井控新技术新设备的应用[J].内蒙古石油化工,2007,1:48～49.
[4]孙振纯,夏月泉,徐明辉.井控技术[M].石油工业出版社.
[5]孙振纯,王守谦,徐明辉.井控设备[M].石油工业出版社.
[6]王德玉,刘绘新,孟英峰,李发权.多级节流智控制装置的研制[J].西南石油学院学报,2005,101.
[7]吴月先.引进发声检测仪支撑井控安全[J].OLFILED EQUIPMENT,2004 Vol. 3 NO.41.
[8]王德玉,刘绘新,梅大成,谢冲.专家整定PID控制器在智能井控系统中的应用[J].石油机械,2006,71.
[9]郭莉.保温材料的概况及选择[J].四川电力技术,2005,1:52~55.
[10]谭英杰,吴毅义.油田应用太空绝热瓷层试验研究[J].油气田地面工程,2002,21(2):109～110.
[11]董新法,易建峰.保温设备与管道保温材料的选择准则[J].化工纵横,1998,12(2):19~21.
[12]张谦.我国保温材料现状及发展[J].沿海企业与科技,2008,97(6):34~35.
[13]张德信.建筑保温隔热材料[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.
[14]翟丽娟.建筑屋面防水保温层新施工方法初探[J].黑龙江科技信息,2008,(2).
[15]王翀.保温材料的选择[J].宁夏科技,2001,5:46. [l6]朱盈豹.保温材料在建筑墙体节能中的应用[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,2003,37~38.
[17]陆耀庆.实用供热空调设计手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000,1208~1209.
[18]贾强.新型复合硅酸盐保温材料的应用[J].河南科技,2004,9:37.
[19]谭英杰,李清,宫克勒.高压蒸汽管道绝热结构试验研究[J].油气田地面工程,2002,21(1):99.
[20] GB4272-92.设备及管道保温技术通则[S].
[21]赵启成,李盼,王景昌.保温管道年平均散热损失的计算分析[J].油气田地面工程,2007,26(1):23~25.
[22]邢秋力.重油催化装置管线散热损失计算与分析[J].化学工程师,2007,141(6):53~55.
[23]刘立君,谭英杰.带压作业装置井口保温系统设计[J].科学技术与工程,2009,9(7):1867~1872.
[24]颜文飞.不同厚度干燥窑保温门的散热量计算[J].木材工业,2000,14(5):33～34.
[25]陶文铨.传热学[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2006.
[26]张学学.热工基础[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[27]林金春,杨文斌.利用形状因子法计算木材干燥窑壳体的散热损失[J].东北林业大学学报,2009,37(4):100～101.
[28]邱关源.电路[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1978.
[29]冯慈璋.电磁学[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1979.
[30]周庚洪.电力线路故障一例[J].电气时代,1999,(7):15.
[31]甘鼎峰.采用电阻远红外辐射加热取代高温导热油加热[J].电力需求侧管理,2008,10(5):30～31.
[32]韩旺.用电磁感应原理分析电缆发热的原因[J].雁北师范学院学报,2000,16(6):38～39.
[33] GB3836-2000.爆炸性气体环境用电气设备[S].
[34] GB5044-95.低压配电设计规范[S].
[35] Seymour, K.P. Drilling of a high-pressure, high-temperature well in the north sea using 20,000-psi well control equipment[J]. Offshore Technology Conference,1993,719～729.
[36] Vigeant, Shawn P.Deepwater driven advancements in well control equipment and systems[J]. IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference,1998,65～75.
[37] Tangedahl, Michael J.Well control: issues of under balanced drilling[J]. SPE Eastern Regional Conference and Exhibition, 1996, 67～71.
[38] Egbert, D.; Kendall, H.Development of a coiled tubing specific well control training program[J].SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, 2008, 3881～3889.
[39] Ramalho, John Davidson, Ian A.Well-control aspects of underbalanced drilling operations[J].Meeting the Value Challenge: Performance, Deliverability and Cost, 2006,551～561.
[40] Fowler, J.H. Roche, J.R.System safety analysis of well control equipment[J].Proceedings of the Annual Offshore Technology Conference, 1993,427～439.
[41] Bourgoyne Jr., Adam T. Holden, William R. Experimental study of well control procedures for deepwater drilling operations[J].SPE Reprint Series, 1996,110～121.
[2]陈惠玲.节流管汇存在的问题及改进措施[J].天然气工业,1998,18(4):91～92.
[3]徐丹,刘润广,陈林.井控新技术新设备的应用[J].内蒙古石油化工,2007,1:48～49.
[4]孙振纯,夏月泉,徐明辉.井控技术[M].石油工业出版社.
[5]孙振纯,王守谦,徐明辉.井控设备[M].石油工业出版社.
[6]王德玉,刘绘新,孟英峰,李发权.多级节流智控制装置的研制[J].西南石油学院学报,2005,101.
[7]吴月先.引进发声检测仪支撑井控安全[J].OLFILED EQUIPMENT,2004 Vol. 3 NO.41.
[8]王德玉,刘绘新,梅大成,谢冲.专家整定PID控制器在智能井控系统中的应用[J].石油机械,2006,71.
[9]郭莉.保温材料的概况及选择[J].四川电力技术,2005,1:52~55.
[10]谭英杰,吴毅义.油田应用太空绝热瓷层试验研究[J].油气田地面工程,2002,21(2):109～110.
[11]董新法,易建峰.保温设备与管道保温材料的选择准则[J].化工纵横,1998,12(2):19~21.
[12]张谦.我国保温材料现状及发展[J].沿海企业与科技,2008,97(6):34~35.
[13]张德信.建筑保温隔热材料[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.
[14]翟丽娟.建筑屋面防水保温层新施工方法初探[J].黑龙江科技信息,2008,(2).
[15]王翀.保温材料的选择[J].宁夏科技,2001,5:46. [l6]朱盈豹.保温材料在建筑墙体节能中的应用[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,2003,37~38.
[17]陆耀庆.实用供热空调设计手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000,1208~1209.
[18]贾强.新型复合硅酸盐保温材料的应用[J].河南科技,2004,9:37.
[19]谭英杰,李清,宫克勒.高压蒸汽管道绝热结构试验研究[J].油气田地面工程,2002,21(1):99.
[20] GB4272-92.设备及管道保温技术通则[S].
[21]赵启成,李盼,王景昌.保温管道年平均散热损失的计算分析[J].油气田地面工程,2007,26(1):23~25.
[22]邢秋力.重油催化装置管线散热损失计算与分析[J].化学工程师,2007,141(6):53~55.
[23]刘立君,谭英杰.带压作业装置井口保温系统设计[J].科学技术与工程,2009,9(7):1867~1872.
[24]颜文飞.不同厚度干燥窑保温门的散热量计算[J].木材工业,2000,14(5):33～34.
[25]陶文铨.传热学[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2006.
[26]张学学.热工基础[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[27]林金春,杨文斌.利用形状因子法计算木材干燥窑壳体的散热损失[J].东北林业大学学报,2009,37(4):100～101.
[28]邱关源.电路[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1978.
[29]冯慈璋.电磁学[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1979.
[30]周庚洪.电力线路故障一例[J].电气时代,1999,(7):15.
[31]甘鼎峰.采用电阻远红外辐射加热取代高温导热油加热[J].电力需求侧管理,2008,10(5):30～31.
[32]韩旺.用电磁感应原理分析电缆发热的原因[J].雁北师范学院学报,2000,16(6):38～39.
[33] GB3836-2000.爆炸性气体环境用电气设备[S].
[34] GB5044-95.低压配电设计规范[S].
[35] Seymour, K.P. Drilling of a high-pressure, high-temperature well in the north sea using 20,000-psi well control equipment[J]. Offshore Technology Conference,1993,719～729.
[36] Vigeant, Shawn P.Deepwater driven advancements in well control equipment and systems[J]. IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference,1998,65～75.
[37] Tangedahl, Michael J.Well control: issues of under balanced drilling[J]. SPE Eastern Regional Conference and Exhibition, 1996, 67～71.
[38] Egbert, D.; Kendall, H.Development of a coiled tubing specific well control training program[J].SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, 2008, 3881～3889.
[39] Ramalho, John Davidson, Ian A.Well-control aspects of underbalanced drilling operations[J].Meeting the Value Challenge: Performance, Deliverability and Cost, 2006,551～561.
[40] Fowler, J.H. Roche, J.R.System safety analysis of well control equipment[J].Proceedings of the Annual Offshore Technology Conference, 1993,427～439.
[41] Bourgoyne Jr., Adam T. Holden, William R. Experimental study of well control procedures for deepwater drilling operations[J].SPE Reprint Series, 1996,110～121.