新型钢—混凝土组合结构研究
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摘要
本文对多排预应力波形钢腹板组合挑梁和钢-混凝土组合蜂窝梁两种新型的组合结构进行了试验研究和理论分析,主要包括组合挑梁的收缩徐变效应、组合挑梁的荷载横向分布、组合挑梁翼缘稳定性能、组合蜂窝梁的应力和挠度计算、开孔腹板抗剪承载能力分析、组合蜂窝梁极限承载能力的研究。主要做了以下工作
(1)对大比例组合挑梁组合蜂窝梁两种试验模型进行静载试验,研究了组合挑梁的荷载横向分布规律、组合挑梁的极限承载能力、组合蜂窝梁的应力、变形规律,组合蜂窝梁的极限承载能力。试验结果对两种新型组合结构的设计有很好的参考意义。
(2)根据波形钢腹板的特征,忽略其抗弯刚度和采用“拟平截面假定”推导了考虑徐变和收缩效应的波形钢腹板组合挑梁截面应力计算公式,并通过实桥算例,对比研究了该结构和常规组合挑梁的徐变收缩效应和预应力加载效率,结果表明预应力波形钢腹板组合挑梁结构因徐变引起的预应力损失大为减少,且对收缩作用的影响不敏感,具有更高的预应力加载效率。
(3)根据荷载横阳分布理论提出了修正的弹性支承连续梁法和修正的刚接梁法以计算组合挑梁的荷载横向分布系数,通过试验研究和有限元分析,验证了计算理论的正确性,并结合实桥算例,综合徐变收缩的作用,进一步说明了该结构的抗裂安全性。
(4)对波形钢腹板组合挑梁受压翼缘板的稳定性进行了研究,分析了波形参数对其弹性屈曲应力的影响,建议了翼缘板的宽厚比限值,并对不同参数模型的翼缘板抗压承载能力进行了计算,探讨了初始缺陷对其承载能力的影响,最后结合两种组合的承载力试验,考察了组合挑梁的变形特征、破坏形态和极限状态。
(5)组合蜂窝梁由于腹板的非连续性,应力分布十分复杂,本文采用费氏空腹桁架理论,推导了钢-混凝土组合蜂窝梁应力简化计算公式,与试验结果的比较说明,公式能够较准确地计算出腹板圆孔边缘环向应力的最大值及其位置,简化计算公式对于分析组合蜂窝梁弹性阶段的强度是适用的。同时,基于费氏空腹桁架理论,提出了组合蜂窝梁变形的计算公式,与试验结果和有限元结果的对比分析表明,该方法精度可以满足工程要求。
(6)对组合蜂窝梁开孔腹板的抗剪能力进行了研究,运用通用有限元分析程序对各种边界条件下的开孔腹板弹性剪切屈曲性能进行了分析,引入考虑了径高比和宽高比的修正系数,对实腹板剪切屈曲系数加以修正,提出了开孔腹板剪切屈曲系数的计算公式,并在分析中量化了翼缘对腹板的约束作用；建立起开孔腹板抗剪极限承载能力的空间有限元模型,考虑几何、材料双重非线性对开孔腹板进行了大量的计算分析,提出了开孔腹板抗剪极限承载力的计算公式,同时对翼缘刚度、初始几何缺陷和残余应力对开孔板抗剪承载力的影响进行了探讨,得到一些有益的结论。
(7)对钢-混凝土组合蜂窝梁的极限承载能力进行了理论分析、空间有限元分析和试验研究。推导出计入环向加劲肋前后钢-混凝土组合蜂窝梁承载能力简化计算公式,通过算例说明了运用公式进行计算的方法；结合组合蜂窝梁的特点,选用合适的单元模型和材料的本构关系,建立组合蜂窝梁的空间有限元分析模型,对组合蜂窝梁极限承载力进行非线性有限元全过程分析；对组合蜂窝梁各工况的承载能力试验结果进行分析,在试验分析的基础上总结组合蜂窝梁的受力特点和变形特征,并将试验结果、理论计算结果和有限元计算结果作了对比分析。
In this dissertation, experimental researches and theoretical analyses on the new multi-cantilever prestressed composite beams with corrugated steel webs and steel-concrete composite castellated beam, including the shrinkage and creep effect of composite cantilever beam, the load distribution pattern among cantilever beam and the stability behavior of flanges in composite cantilever beam with corrugated webs, the stress and flexibility computation of composite castellated beam, the elastic buckling of perforated web under shear, the shear strength of perforated web, the ultimate bearing capacity of composite castellated beam, were made. The main contents of this dissertation are described as following:
(1) A static test has been conducted on two large-scale specimens of composite cantilever beam and steel-concrete composite castellated beam, respectively. The load distribution pattern among cantilever beam and the ultimate bearing capacity of composite cantilever beam, the stress and flexibility distribution patterns, the ultimate bearing capacity of composite castellated beam, were studied. The test results can be referenced by design of the two new composite structures.
(2) The reduced calculation formulas of section stress induced by creep and shrinkage effect for pre-stressed cantilever composite beam with corrugated steel webs are proposed. The investigation validate that compared with general composite beam, the loss of prestressing induced by creep and shrinkage effect in concrete slab of pre-stressed cantilever composite beam with corrugated steel webs is greatly reduced. The multi-cantilever prestressed composite beams with corrugated steel webs have good prestressing efficiency.
(3) Based on the existing theory of lateral load distribution patterns, modified elastic supported continuous beam method and modified rigid-joint girder method are proposed with considering the structure characteristic of multi-cantilever prestressed composite beams with corrugated steel webs. The validity of theoretical analysis is demonstrated by comparing with experimental study and spatial finite element analysis.
(4) The stability behavior of flanges in composite cantilever beam with corrugated webs is studied by adopting finite element method. Considering the influence of profile parameter of corrugated web to elastic buckling stress, the flakiness ratio limit of compression flange is proposed. Analysis on ultimate load resistance of flange are carried out, the influence of initial geometrical imperfections on ultimate load resistance of flange is also discussed. Moreover, according to the model test, the deformation performance, failure modes, load capacity and limit states of two-type composite cantilever beams are analyzed.
(5) Based on vierendeel truss theory, reduced calculation formulas of stress for steel-concrete composite castellated beam are deduced. Test results shows the formulas can predict accurately the value and position of critical stress on the edge of web hole, the formulas is applicable to analyze the strength of composite castellated beam in elastic stage. Also, the calculation formulas of deflection for steel-concrete composite castellated beam are proposed based on vierendeel truss theory, it is found that this method can satisfy engineering requirements by comparing theoretical results with both experimental and FEM ones.
(6) On the basis of investigation on elastic buckling of plate girder web panels under shear, the elastic buckling behavior of perforated web under shear in different boundary condition is analyzed with finite element software. Based on the formulas of the shear buckling coefficient for plate girder web panels, formulas are suggested to evaluate the elastic buckling coefficients of the perforated web are proposed, by introducing the parameters which consider the influence of radius-height ratio and width-height ratio. The elastic restraints to perforated web provided by the flanges are taken into account in this study. Besides, using universal finite element program the spatial finite element model of perforated web is established, detailed analysis on shear strength of perforated web are carried out with consideration of material and geometrical nonlinear. Also, the influence of flange rigidity, initial geometrical imperfections and residual stress on shear strength of perforated web is discussed, some useful conclusions are reached.
(7) The ultimate bearing capacity of steel-concrete composite castellated beam is studied by theoretical analysis, spatial finite element analysis and experimental research. The calculation formulas of ultimate bearing capacity for steel-concrete composite castellated beam are proposed. Moreover, according to the characteristics of composite castellated beam, the spatial finite element model is built with suitable elements and material constitutive laws, nonlinear finite element analysis on ultimate bearing capacity of composite castellated beam are done. Besides, test results of ultimate bearing capacity test of composite castellated beam are analyzed, the test results are consistent with the theoretical and FEM results.
(1)对大比例组合挑梁组合蜂窝梁两种试验模型进行静载试验,研究了组合挑梁的荷载横向分布规律、组合挑梁的极限承载能力、组合蜂窝梁的应力、变形规律,组合蜂窝梁的极限承载能力。试验结果对两种新型组合结构的设计有很好的参考意义。
(2)根据波形钢腹板的特征,忽略其抗弯刚度和采用“拟平截面假定”推导了考虑徐变和收缩效应的波形钢腹板组合挑梁截面应力计算公式,并通过实桥算例,对比研究了该结构和常规组合挑梁的徐变收缩效应和预应力加载效率,结果表明预应力波形钢腹板组合挑梁结构因徐变引起的预应力损失大为减少,且对收缩作用的影响不敏感,具有更高的预应力加载效率。
(3)根据荷载横阳分布理论提出了修正的弹性支承连续梁法和修正的刚接梁法以计算组合挑梁的荷载横向分布系数,通过试验研究和有限元分析,验证了计算理论的正确性,并结合实桥算例,综合徐变收缩的作用,进一步说明了该结构的抗裂安全性。
(4)对波形钢腹板组合挑梁受压翼缘板的稳定性进行了研究,分析了波形参数对其弹性屈曲应力的影响,建议了翼缘板的宽厚比限值,并对不同参数模型的翼缘板抗压承载能力进行了计算,探讨了初始缺陷对其承载能力的影响,最后结合两种组合的承载力试验,考察了组合挑梁的变形特征、破坏形态和极限状态。
(5)组合蜂窝梁由于腹板的非连续性,应力分布十分复杂,本文采用费氏空腹桁架理论,推导了钢-混凝土组合蜂窝梁应力简化计算公式,与试验结果的比较说明,公式能够较准确地计算出腹板圆孔边缘环向应力的最大值及其位置,简化计算公式对于分析组合蜂窝梁弹性阶段的强度是适用的。同时,基于费氏空腹桁架理论,提出了组合蜂窝梁变形的计算公式,与试验结果和有限元结果的对比分析表明,该方法精度可以满足工程要求。
(6)对组合蜂窝梁开孔腹板的抗剪能力进行了研究,运用通用有限元分析程序对各种边界条件下的开孔腹板弹性剪切屈曲性能进行了分析,引入考虑了径高比和宽高比的修正系数,对实腹板剪切屈曲系数加以修正,提出了开孔腹板剪切屈曲系数的计算公式,并在分析中量化了翼缘对腹板的约束作用；建立起开孔腹板抗剪极限承载能力的空间有限元模型,考虑几何、材料双重非线性对开孔腹板进行了大量的计算分析,提出了开孔腹板抗剪极限承载力的计算公式,同时对翼缘刚度、初始几何缺陷和残余应力对开孔板抗剪承载力的影响进行了探讨,得到一些有益的结论。
(7)对钢-混凝土组合蜂窝梁的极限承载能力进行了理论分析、空间有限元分析和试验研究。推导出计入环向加劲肋前后钢-混凝土组合蜂窝梁承载能力简化计算公式,通过算例说明了运用公式进行计算的方法；结合组合蜂窝梁的特点,选用合适的单元模型和材料的本构关系,建立组合蜂窝梁的空间有限元分析模型,对组合蜂窝梁极限承载力进行非线性有限元全过程分析；对组合蜂窝梁各工况的承载能力试验结果进行分析,在试验分析的基础上总结组合蜂窝梁的受力特点和变形特征,并将试验结果、理论计算结果和有限元计算结果作了对比分析。
In this dissertation, experimental researches and theoretical analyses on the new multi-cantilever prestressed composite beams with corrugated steel webs and steel-concrete composite castellated beam, including the shrinkage and creep effect of composite cantilever beam, the load distribution pattern among cantilever beam and the stability behavior of flanges in composite cantilever beam with corrugated webs, the stress and flexibility computation of composite castellated beam, the elastic buckling of perforated web under shear, the shear strength of perforated web, the ultimate bearing capacity of composite castellated beam, were made. The main contents of this dissertation are described as following:
(1) A static test has been conducted on two large-scale specimens of composite cantilever beam and steel-concrete composite castellated beam, respectively. The load distribution pattern among cantilever beam and the ultimate bearing capacity of composite cantilever beam, the stress and flexibility distribution patterns, the ultimate bearing capacity of composite castellated beam, were studied. The test results can be referenced by design of the two new composite structures.
(2) The reduced calculation formulas of section stress induced by creep and shrinkage effect for pre-stressed cantilever composite beam with corrugated steel webs are proposed. The investigation validate that compared with general composite beam, the loss of prestressing induced by creep and shrinkage effect in concrete slab of pre-stressed cantilever composite beam with corrugated steel webs is greatly reduced. The multi-cantilever prestressed composite beams with corrugated steel webs have good prestressing efficiency.
(3) Based on the existing theory of lateral load distribution patterns, modified elastic supported continuous beam method and modified rigid-joint girder method are proposed with considering the structure characteristic of multi-cantilever prestressed composite beams with corrugated steel webs. The validity of theoretical analysis is demonstrated by comparing with experimental study and spatial finite element analysis.
(4) The stability behavior of flanges in composite cantilever beam with corrugated webs is studied by adopting finite element method. Considering the influence of profile parameter of corrugated web to elastic buckling stress, the flakiness ratio limit of compression flange is proposed. Analysis on ultimate load resistance of flange are carried out, the influence of initial geometrical imperfections on ultimate load resistance of flange is also discussed. Moreover, according to the model test, the deformation performance, failure modes, load capacity and limit states of two-type composite cantilever beams are analyzed.
(5) Based on vierendeel truss theory, reduced calculation formulas of stress for steel-concrete composite castellated beam are deduced. Test results shows the formulas can predict accurately the value and position of critical stress on the edge of web hole, the formulas is applicable to analyze the strength of composite castellated beam in elastic stage. Also, the calculation formulas of deflection for steel-concrete composite castellated beam are proposed based on vierendeel truss theory, it is found that this method can satisfy engineering requirements by comparing theoretical results with both experimental and FEM ones.
(6) On the basis of investigation on elastic buckling of plate girder web panels under shear, the elastic buckling behavior of perforated web under shear in different boundary condition is analyzed with finite element software. Based on the formulas of the shear buckling coefficient for plate girder web panels, formulas are suggested to evaluate the elastic buckling coefficients of the perforated web are proposed, by introducing the parameters which consider the influence of radius-height ratio and width-height ratio. The elastic restraints to perforated web provided by the flanges are taken into account in this study. Besides, using universal finite element program the spatial finite element model of perforated web is established, detailed analysis on shear strength of perforated web are carried out with consideration of material and geometrical nonlinear. Also, the influence of flange rigidity, initial geometrical imperfections and residual stress on shear strength of perforated web is discussed, some useful conclusions are reached.
(7) The ultimate bearing capacity of steel-concrete composite castellated beam is studied by theoretical analysis, spatial finite element analysis and experimental research. The calculation formulas of ultimate bearing capacity for steel-concrete composite castellated beam are proposed. Moreover, according to the characteristics of composite castellated beam, the spatial finite element model is built with suitable elements and material constitutive laws, nonlinear finite element analysis on ultimate bearing capacity of composite castellated beam are done. Besides, test results of ultimate bearing capacity test of composite castellated beam are analyzed, the test results are consistent with the theoretical and FEM results.
引文
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