磁流微循环自补偿润滑的孔—楔效应理论及其应用研究
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摘要
运用仿生学原理对摩擦副进行结构设计以实现其自补偿润滑,有助于拓宽摩擦学技术的工业应用范围和功能部件的开发。
本文探讨了多相润滑胶体孔-楔效应及其微循环机理,并以此为基础开展了孔结构特性及润滑胶体在孔胞中流动的充要条件研究,建立了其流变模型,分析了壁滑移对其流变特性的影响。研究表明：孔中孔道端压差的存在是实现润滑剂流动的必要性条件；且孔道半径越小,流动阻力越大；润滑剂的剪切稀化将在孔壁处产生一壁滑移层,壁滑移作用可有助于改善润滑剂在孔中的流动性。
为了提高磁流润滑胶体的承载稳定性,建立了用于描述胶体构成相分布的二相楔滑模型,导出了该模型的求解办法,并对其进行了仿真验证性研究。结果表明：模型中构建的漂移抑制角和横向膨胀抑制角可有效地表征胶体中发生相漂移的变化趋势,推导出的胶体的最佳稳定组分体积比可用于指导多相润滑胶体的组分优化设计
为了实现磁流润滑胶体在多孔摩擦副界面的可控润滑,建立了其在孔中传输的修正Bernoulli方程和在摩擦界面间的Reynolds方程,并开展了相关静力学实验。研究表明：磁流体在孔中的静态抬升高度主要由外磁场强度和孔道本身决定,与胶体中的磁粒子含量无关；顶部热源对磁流体从孔中流出的阻碍作用可通过降低环境温度梯度和提高外磁场强度的方式来消除；磁流体可在孔-楔耦合摩擦副中形成微循环,从而提高了磁流润滑膜的自补偿能力和抗载荷波动性。
基于上述理论研究,设计并制备了微／纳米粒子添加磁流润滑胶体和磁流微循环推力轴承,并以此开展了一系摩擦学性能实验研究。结果表明：磁流润滑胶体对该轴承界面润滑膜的自补偿能力与倒锥摩擦副的锥高大小有关；磁流润滑膜厚度可进行载荷自适应调节,外磁场的存在可提高其承载能力；界面摩擦系数在非磁流胶体润滑时随转速的增大而增大,在磁流润胶体润滑时则随转速的增大而减小；该轴承较适用于高速重载场合,且转速越大,外载荷越大,减摩效果越明显。
The structure design of friction pairs based on the principle of bionics for realizing self-compensating lubrication is helpful to develop new tribological functional components.
Based on the research on the hole-wedge effect and the micro-circulating theory of multiphase lubricant colloid in porous materials, the structural characteristics of pores and the necessity conditions of flow are discussed, the rheological model is established and its effect of wall-slip phenomenon is also analyzed,in this paper. The results show that the pressure difference existing at the two ends is the necessity condition of lubricant flowing in micro hole, and that the radius of hole is smaller, the resistance to flow is greater, and that a wall-slip layer occurs in lubricant and its wall-slip effect can help to improve flowing characteristics of lubricant through the holes.
In order to improve the working stability of lubricant colloid, a two-phase wedge-sliding model is established and its computing method is given accordingly. Researches show that, the Drift-restraining Angle and Lateral Expansion-restraining Angle can effectively represent the phase-drift changing trend, and the optimal ratio of composing ingredients can be used to guide the optimization design of multiphase lubricant colloid.
In order to realize the process controllability of ferrofluid, the revised Bernoulli Equation and Reynolds Equation in cylindrical coordinate system are established, the corresponding static and dynamic behaviors are also carried. The researches show that the static lifting height of ferrofluid in micro holes is mainly decided by the external magnetic field and the micro hole itself, however irrelevant to the content of magnetic particles in ferrofluid, a top heat source may restrain the flow of ferrofluid in micro holes, while such problem can be improved by reducing the environmental temperature gradient and increasing the strength of external magnetic field, the microcirculation of ferrofluid flowing in the hole-wedge coupled friction pair is proved and its existence can improve the self-compensating capability and the resistance to load fluctuation of ferrofluid lubrication film.
Based on the theoretical researches above, the ferrofluid colloid by adding micro/nano magnetic particales and a ferrofluid lubrication porous thrust bearing are designed, and a series of tribological contrast experiments are carried. The researches show that the adaptive compensation ability of ferrofluid lubricating film is relative to the height of reversed cone of friction pair, the thickness of ferrofluid lubrication film can be adaptive adjusted along with the variation of load, and the existence of external magnetic field can improve its bearing capacity, the friction coefficient when non-ferrofluid lubrication increases however decreases when ferrofluid lubrication along with the increase of circumferential shear velocity. This thrust bearing is more suitable for high speed and heavy load occasions, and with the bigger load and higher circumferential shear velocity, the antifriction effect is more notable.
本文探讨了多相润滑胶体孔-楔效应及其微循环机理,并以此为基础开展了孔结构特性及润滑胶体在孔胞中流动的充要条件研究,建立了其流变模型,分析了壁滑移对其流变特性的影响。研究表明：孔中孔道端压差的存在是实现润滑剂流动的必要性条件；且孔道半径越小,流动阻力越大；润滑剂的剪切稀化将在孔壁处产生一壁滑移层,壁滑移作用可有助于改善润滑剂在孔中的流动性。
为了提高磁流润滑胶体的承载稳定性,建立了用于描述胶体构成相分布的二相楔滑模型,导出了该模型的求解办法,并对其进行了仿真验证性研究。结果表明：模型中构建的漂移抑制角和横向膨胀抑制角可有效地表征胶体中发生相漂移的变化趋势,推导出的胶体的最佳稳定组分体积比可用于指导多相润滑胶体的组分优化设计
为了实现磁流润滑胶体在多孔摩擦副界面的可控润滑,建立了其在孔中传输的修正Bernoulli方程和在摩擦界面间的Reynolds方程,并开展了相关静力学实验。研究表明：磁流体在孔中的静态抬升高度主要由外磁场强度和孔道本身决定,与胶体中的磁粒子含量无关；顶部热源对磁流体从孔中流出的阻碍作用可通过降低环境温度梯度和提高外磁场强度的方式来消除；磁流体可在孔-楔耦合摩擦副中形成微循环,从而提高了磁流润滑膜的自补偿能力和抗载荷波动性。
基于上述理论研究,设计并制备了微／纳米粒子添加磁流润滑胶体和磁流微循环推力轴承,并以此开展了一系摩擦学性能实验研究。结果表明：磁流润滑胶体对该轴承界面润滑膜的自补偿能力与倒锥摩擦副的锥高大小有关；磁流润滑膜厚度可进行载荷自适应调节,外磁场的存在可提高其承载能力；界面摩擦系数在非磁流胶体润滑时随转速的增大而增大,在磁流润胶体润滑时则随转速的增大而减小；该轴承较适用于高速重载场合,且转速越大,外载荷越大,减摩效果越明显。
The structure design of friction pairs based on the principle of bionics for realizing self-compensating lubrication is helpful to develop new tribological functional components.
Based on the research on the hole-wedge effect and the micro-circulating theory of multiphase lubricant colloid in porous materials, the structural characteristics of pores and the necessity conditions of flow are discussed, the rheological model is established and its effect of wall-slip phenomenon is also analyzed,in this paper. The results show that the pressure difference existing at the two ends is the necessity condition of lubricant flowing in micro hole, and that the radius of hole is smaller, the resistance to flow is greater, and that a wall-slip layer occurs in lubricant and its wall-slip effect can help to improve flowing characteristics of lubricant through the holes.
In order to improve the working stability of lubricant colloid, a two-phase wedge-sliding model is established and its computing method is given accordingly. Researches show that, the Drift-restraining Angle and Lateral Expansion-restraining Angle can effectively represent the phase-drift changing trend, and the optimal ratio of composing ingredients can be used to guide the optimization design of multiphase lubricant colloid.
In order to realize the process controllability of ferrofluid, the revised Bernoulli Equation and Reynolds Equation in cylindrical coordinate system are established, the corresponding static and dynamic behaviors are also carried. The researches show that the static lifting height of ferrofluid in micro holes is mainly decided by the external magnetic field and the micro hole itself, however irrelevant to the content of magnetic particles in ferrofluid, a top heat source may restrain the flow of ferrofluid in micro holes, while such problem can be improved by reducing the environmental temperature gradient and increasing the strength of external magnetic field, the microcirculation of ferrofluid flowing in the hole-wedge coupled friction pair is proved and its existence can improve the self-compensating capability and the resistance to load fluctuation of ferrofluid lubrication film.
Based on the theoretical researches above, the ferrofluid colloid by adding micro/nano magnetic particales and a ferrofluid lubrication porous thrust bearing are designed, and a series of tribological contrast experiments are carried. The researches show that the adaptive compensation ability of ferrofluid lubricating film is relative to the height of reversed cone of friction pair, the thickness of ferrofluid lubrication film can be adaptive adjusted along with the variation of load, and the existence of external magnetic field can improve its bearing capacity, the friction coefficient when non-ferrofluid lubrication increases however decreases when ferrofluid lubrication along with the increase of circumferential shear velocity. This thrust bearing is more suitable for high speed and heavy load occasions, and with the bigger load and higher circumferential shear velocity, the antifriction effect is more notable.
引文
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