埕岛地区油气成藏动力系统研究
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摘要
埕岛地区位于济阳坳陷与渤中坳陷交汇处的埕北低凸起的东南端,处于三个生油凹陷包围之中,为一典型的复式油气聚集区。
通过对埕岛地区温度、压力和应力场的研究,认为较高地温梯度促进了埕岛周边凹陷烃源岩的发育,为该区的油气成藏提供了雄厚的物质基础;受郯庐断裂控制的旋扭应力场控制了埕岛地区断裂的形成与发展、凹陷和凸起的形成与演化,进而控制了构造和沉积条件,影响了油气生成、运移和聚集的全过程;埕岛地区古近系为异常高压发育的离心流动力环境,埕北低凸起为油气运移、聚集的主要汇聚区。
油源对比结果表明,来自埕北凹陷的油气主要分布在埕岛主体构造带和埕北断裂带;来自渤中凹陷的油气主要分布在斜坡带和埕北30潜山带;来自桩东凹陷的油气主要分布在桩海地区东部。埕北凹陷是埕岛地区的主要油源,其次为渤中凹陷。
埕北断层和埕北30断裂在新生代持续活动,是本区重要的油源断层;埕岛地区古近系各类扇体和馆下段砂体是重要的油气输导层;不整合面为油气运移提供了良好的侧向运移通道。在埕岛地区,断裂带以阶梯型输导体系为主;潜山披覆构造主体及斜坡带以网毯式输导体系为主;洼陷带以裂隙型输导体系为主。
根据油气成藏动力背景和成藏要素特征把埕岛地区的油气成藏划分为下部它源半封闭型潜山油气成藏动力系统、中部沙河街组—东营组下段自源封闭型油气成藏动力系统与上部的东营组上段—明化镇组它源开放型油气成藏动力系统。不同成藏动力系统中油气的丰度和相对富集程度受超压强度、封闭层的性质和分布、压力结构、断裂的发育及其活动性等多种因素的控制。埕北凹陷的主要排烃期和埕北断裂晚期频繁强烈活动相配合,造成埕岛油田主体馆陶组上段储油气丰度高,储量规模大。
埕岛东斜坡属于单凹陷—它源(自源)斜坡带式油气成藏模式,最大湖泛面为压力封存箱的顶界面,油气主要集中在最大湖泛面以下的东营组Ⅲ-Ⅳ砂组,以岩性、地层-岩性油气藏为主;桩海地区为它源-断裂带式成藏模式,断层活动强度决定了油气运移的层系,活动强度大,运移能力强,到达的层位就浅;埕北凹陷新近系为典型的常压开放性它源油气成藏动力系统;古近系为超压封存箱型自源油气成藏动力系统,该带的新近系河道砂体和古近系断裂陡坡带砂砾体具有较大的勘探潜力。
Using the theory of the dynamic system of oil and gas migration and accumulation,the paper studies on dynamic mechanism of oil and gas distribution, subdivides different dynamic system of oil and gas migration and accumulation, researches on dynamic mechanism of different patterns of reservoir formation, and evaluates different zones and series of strata in Chengdao area.
Chengdao area is encircled by Chengbei sag、Bozhong sag and Zhuangdong sag, geothermal gradient is high,has Es3、Es1 and Ed three hydrocarbon kitchens, the intensity of bear and discharge hydrocarbon is big, and this provides ample material base for reservoir formation in Chengdao area. Surpressure offers dynamic condition for oil migration; Turn knob stress field accelerates oil and gas discharge and migration and makes Chengdao low relief turn into a hydrocarbon convergence belt.
The hydrocarbon migration pathways consist of faults、communicating sands、unconformity and their combination.By the analysis of activity faults , we conclude that the activity of Chengbei fault which provides the effective pathway for vertical migration is intense in main bleeding time of hydrocarbon. Considering the different effection of faults to oil-gas reservoir formation. All kinds of Neogene fans in Chengdao area are contacting with source rock and formed effective migration pathway.The lower member of Guantao Group featured by large depositional thickness,wide distribution,good transverse connectivity is important carrier bed. The existence of 3 unconformity provides good lateral oil—gas migration channels. In Chengdao area, the main migration systerm of fault zone is ladder type, buried hill drape structure and ramp region is meshwork—carpet type and the depression zone is fissure type.
There are three types of pool forming environment in Chengdao area: hydrostatic pressure environment, transitional pressure environment and overpressure environment. Overpressure intensity, properties and distributions of seal coat, pressure structure, characteristics and activity of fault and other factors control the hydrocarbon abundance and enrichment degree of different pressure environment. Main expulsion stages have a good matching with fault late-stage activity,and this make the buried hill structure belt, abundant in hydrocarbon in large scale. On the basis of background of hydrocarbon forming force and the characters of hydrocarbon forming elements, hydrocarbon reservoirs-forming dynamic systems can be divided into three kinds: bottom semi-closed buried hill hydrocarbon reservoirs-forming dynamic system originated from other strata, middle closed hydrocarbon reservoirs-forming dynamic system originated from self strata which is located in the lower bench of Shahejie group-Dongying group, top open style hydrocarbon reservoirs-forming dynamic system originated from other strata which is located in the upper bench of Dongying group-Minghuazheng group.
Petroleum pool in eastern slope are concentrated in Ed32-Ed4, maximum flooding surfaces(MFS) acts as pressure compartment,under the MFS, lithologic and stratigraphic–lithologic pool is main. Buried hill oil pool in Zhuanghai area is controlled by reservoir development and injection conditions, the intensity of fault activity decides hydrocarbon can reach series of strata. Neogene channel sand and Paleogene glutenite has a good exploration potential in Chengbei sag.
通过对埕岛地区温度、压力和应力场的研究,认为较高地温梯度促进了埕岛周边凹陷烃源岩的发育,为该区的油气成藏提供了雄厚的物质基础;受郯庐断裂控制的旋扭应力场控制了埕岛地区断裂的形成与发展、凹陷和凸起的形成与演化,进而控制了构造和沉积条件,影响了油气生成、运移和聚集的全过程;埕岛地区古近系为异常高压发育的离心流动力环境,埕北低凸起为油气运移、聚集的主要汇聚区。
油源对比结果表明,来自埕北凹陷的油气主要分布在埕岛主体构造带和埕北断裂带;来自渤中凹陷的油气主要分布在斜坡带和埕北30潜山带;来自桩东凹陷的油气主要分布在桩海地区东部。埕北凹陷是埕岛地区的主要油源,其次为渤中凹陷。
埕北断层和埕北30断裂在新生代持续活动,是本区重要的油源断层;埕岛地区古近系各类扇体和馆下段砂体是重要的油气输导层;不整合面为油气运移提供了良好的侧向运移通道。在埕岛地区,断裂带以阶梯型输导体系为主;潜山披覆构造主体及斜坡带以网毯式输导体系为主;洼陷带以裂隙型输导体系为主。
根据油气成藏动力背景和成藏要素特征把埕岛地区的油气成藏划分为下部它源半封闭型潜山油气成藏动力系统、中部沙河街组—东营组下段自源封闭型油气成藏动力系统与上部的东营组上段—明化镇组它源开放型油气成藏动力系统。不同成藏动力系统中油气的丰度和相对富集程度受超压强度、封闭层的性质和分布、压力结构、断裂的发育及其活动性等多种因素的控制。埕北凹陷的主要排烃期和埕北断裂晚期频繁强烈活动相配合,造成埕岛油田主体馆陶组上段储油气丰度高,储量规模大。
埕岛东斜坡属于单凹陷—它源(自源)斜坡带式油气成藏模式,最大湖泛面为压力封存箱的顶界面,油气主要集中在最大湖泛面以下的东营组Ⅲ-Ⅳ砂组,以岩性、地层-岩性油气藏为主;桩海地区为它源-断裂带式成藏模式,断层活动强度决定了油气运移的层系,活动强度大,运移能力强,到达的层位就浅;埕北凹陷新近系为典型的常压开放性它源油气成藏动力系统;古近系为超压封存箱型自源油气成藏动力系统,该带的新近系河道砂体和古近系断裂陡坡带砂砾体具有较大的勘探潜力。
Using the theory of the dynamic system of oil and gas migration and accumulation,the paper studies on dynamic mechanism of oil and gas distribution, subdivides different dynamic system of oil and gas migration and accumulation, researches on dynamic mechanism of different patterns of reservoir formation, and evaluates different zones and series of strata in Chengdao area.
Chengdao area is encircled by Chengbei sag、Bozhong sag and Zhuangdong sag, geothermal gradient is high,has Es3、Es1 and Ed three hydrocarbon kitchens, the intensity of bear and discharge hydrocarbon is big, and this provides ample material base for reservoir formation in Chengdao area. Surpressure offers dynamic condition for oil migration; Turn knob stress field accelerates oil and gas discharge and migration and makes Chengdao low relief turn into a hydrocarbon convergence belt.
The hydrocarbon migration pathways consist of faults、communicating sands、unconformity and their combination.By the analysis of activity faults , we conclude that the activity of Chengbei fault which provides the effective pathway for vertical migration is intense in main bleeding time of hydrocarbon. Considering the different effection of faults to oil-gas reservoir formation. All kinds of Neogene fans in Chengdao area are contacting with source rock and formed effective migration pathway.The lower member of Guantao Group featured by large depositional thickness,wide distribution,good transverse connectivity is important carrier bed. The existence of 3 unconformity provides good lateral oil—gas migration channels. In Chengdao area, the main migration systerm of fault zone is ladder type, buried hill drape structure and ramp region is meshwork—carpet type and the depression zone is fissure type.
There are three types of pool forming environment in Chengdao area: hydrostatic pressure environment, transitional pressure environment and overpressure environment. Overpressure intensity, properties and distributions of seal coat, pressure structure, characteristics and activity of fault and other factors control the hydrocarbon abundance and enrichment degree of different pressure environment. Main expulsion stages have a good matching with fault late-stage activity,and this make the buried hill structure belt, abundant in hydrocarbon in large scale. On the basis of background of hydrocarbon forming force and the characters of hydrocarbon forming elements, hydrocarbon reservoirs-forming dynamic systems can be divided into three kinds: bottom semi-closed buried hill hydrocarbon reservoirs-forming dynamic system originated from other strata, middle closed hydrocarbon reservoirs-forming dynamic system originated from self strata which is located in the lower bench of Shahejie group-Dongying group, top open style hydrocarbon reservoirs-forming dynamic system originated from other strata which is located in the upper bench of Dongying group-Minghuazheng group.
Petroleum pool in eastern slope are concentrated in Ed32-Ed4, maximum flooding surfaces(MFS) acts as pressure compartment,under the MFS, lithologic and stratigraphic–lithologic pool is main. Buried hill oil pool in Zhuanghai area is controlled by reservoir development and injection conditions, the intensity of fault activity decides hydrocarbon can reach series of strata. Neogene channel sand and Paleogene glutenite has a good exploration potential in Chengbei sag.
引文
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