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加氢反应器上部应力分析与结构优化研究
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摘要
加氢反应器是石油炼制行业的核心设备,工作在高温、高压、临氢的恶劣条件下,为此本文对一台大型加氢反应器的上半区进行了研究探讨。采用ANSYS5.6有限元软件对该加氢反应器进行了稳态温度场和瞬态温度场分析,然后利用温度场分析结果进行热应力和机械应力分析;采用Visual C++6.0语言编制了优化方法程序及调用有限元计算软件的接口程序,联合使用这两个程序可以实现线性变厚度段结构参数的优化设计;采用Visual C++6.0语言编制了几个基本元件特定温度场热应力计算的通用程序;另外,根据ASME规范中的当量弹性模量法,采用Visual C++6.0编制了通用的旋转对称结构向轴对称结构转换程序。
     作为结构极其复杂、操作工况时时变化的加氢反应器,其温度场分析,特别瞬态温度场分析是一难题。本课题主要研究加氢反应器中的温度场及温度应力,高温条件下工作的高压容器,其温度应力不容忽略,因此为了确定设计重点,必须全面分析加氢反应器的应力分布。本课题采用功能强大的ANSYS5.6软件进行了温度场的分析和热应力的计算,得出了加氢反应器上半区的应力分布曲线,并通过应力强度评定确定了结构的危险区。压力容器设计中常遇到不等厚连接的情况,而对不等厚连接常采用线性变厚度段结构,如何降低应力集中就成为优化设计的目标,本课题通过编程实现了线性变厚度段的结构优化。
     通过对加氢反应器上部结构进行温度场分析、应力分析、强度评定及结构的优化设计等项研究,为完善高压容器的设计提供一种方法。另外,本课题编制的一些通用程序为设计及计算提供了方便而有效的途径。
The hydrogenation reactor is the core equipment in the oil refining industry, and it works under a high temperature, high pressure and near hydrogen condition. Therefore, in this paper the top of a big hydrogenation reactor was investigated. The steady-state temperature field and pseudo-steady-state temperature field of the hydrogenation reactor was analyzed through the ANSYS5.6 finite element software. Then the result of the temperature field was used to analyze the thermal stress and the mechanical stress. In this paper an optimization method program and a finite element software calling program were worked out in VC language, the optimal structure parameter of the linearly thickness changing segment was obtained by using the two programs together. A universal thermal stress calculation program was worked out in VC language including several components under special temperature field. In addition, according to the ASME, a program used to change the circumgyratetion-symmetrical structure into axis-symmetrical structure was worked out in VC language.
    The structure of the hydrogenation reactor was very complicated, and the working condition was changing ever and again. The temperature field especially the transient temperature field analysis was a difficult problem. Therefore, in order to decide the key-point of design the stress distribution must be analyzed roundly. In this paper the ANSYS5.6 finite element software was used to analyze the temperature field and calculate the thermal stress, and the stress distribution curve of the top of the hydrogenation reactor was educed. The danger zone of the structure was found through the stress intensity evaluation. The situation of different thickness connection was usually encountered in the pressure vessel design, and the linearly thickness-changing structure was often used. How to reduce the stress intensity became the aim of the optimization design. The optimization of the linearly thickness-changing segment was realized through program in this paper.
    In summary, the temperature field analysis, the stress analysis, the stress intensity evaluation and the optimization for top of the hydrogenation reactor have been carried out. All of these will provide consult to the high-pressure vessel design, and contribute to the greatness, complication, high parameter, severe working condition of the pressure vessel. In addition, the programs worked in this paper will provide convenient and efficient way to the design and calculation.
引文
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