废杂铜冶炼过程中污染物迁移转化规律研究
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摘要
针对废杂铜冶炼过程污染复杂，具体污染特性不明确，污染防控缺少数据支撑的问题，选取典型企业，对废杂铜冶炼过程中主要污染特性及污染物迁移转化规律进行了研究。采用物质总需求输入-输出及特定物质流分析法对废杂铜冶炼过程进行物质流分析发现，铜主要损耗在NGL炉精炼阶段，污染物产生工序主要包括顶吹转炉吹炼、NGL炉精炼及精炼摇炉精炼。污染特性分析表明，熔炼烟尘中含有大量Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、As等重金属元素，Cd、As等元素主要以酸可提取态存在，环境活性较高；精炼渣含铜量较高，可返回进行再次熔炼。炉体温度升高促进了Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni向气相的转化，还原性气氛明显抑制了Cu、Pb的挥发，Zn在氧化性气氛中挥发率相对较低，氯的存在促进了重金属的挥发；用Aspen Plus构建了废杂铜冶炼工艺过程的模拟模型，实现了对该过程的准确模拟，并计算分析了操作条件对造渣效率、熔炼炉出口烟气组成以及烟尘产生量等的影响。
A research was conducted on pollution characteristic and migration and transformation ofpollutants in the scrap copper smelting process in order to solve the problems such as seriouspollution, unclear pollution characteristic and lack of data support for the control of pollutants.Total material requirement and output and substance flow analysis were used to study the materialflow analysis. It was found that copper was mainly lost in NGL refining process, and pollutantsproduced in converter blowing, NGL refining and rocking furnace refining process. The pollutioncharacteristic analysis showed that there were high contents of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and As in smeltingdust, and Cd, As were of high environment activity in the dust. The refining slag could be recycledto the smelting process because of high copper content. A higher temperature promoted theelements such as Cu, Pb, Zn and Ni transferred to gas. Reducing atmosphere significantlyinhibited the Cu and Pb transforming to the gas phase, and the increase of oxygen content wouldimprove the volatilization rates of the two kinds of metal. The volatilization rate of Zn inoxidizing atmosphere was significantly lower than the other two running atmosphere. The AspenPlus was used to simulated a typical scrap copper smelting process and the influences of operatingparameters such as slagging agent dosing quantity, the the amount of oxygen and raw material onthe composition of the export flue gas of melting furnace were investigated.
A research was conducted on pollution characteristic and migration and transformation ofpollutants in the scrap copper smelting process in order to solve the problems such as seriouspollution, unclear pollution characteristic and lack of data support for the control of pollutants.Total material requirement and output and substance flow analysis were used to study the materialflow analysis. It was found that copper was mainly lost in NGL refining process, and pollutantsproduced in converter blowing, NGL refining and rocking furnace refining process. The pollutioncharacteristic analysis showed that there were high contents of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and As in smeltingdust, and Cd, As were of high environment activity in the dust. The refining slag could be recycledto the smelting process because of high copper content. A higher temperature promoted theelements such as Cu, Pb, Zn and Ni transferred to gas. Reducing atmosphere significantlyinhibited the Cu and Pb transforming to the gas phase, and the increase of oxygen content wouldimprove the volatilization rates of the two kinds of metal. The volatilization rate of Zn inoxidizing atmosphere was significantly lower than the other two running atmosphere. The AspenPlus was used to simulated a typical scrap copper smelting process and the influences of operatingparameters such as slagging agent dosing quantity, the the amount of oxygen and raw material onthe composition of the export flue gas of melting furnace were investigated.
引文
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