面向集群型中小企业的网络化信息服务平台研究与开发
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摘要
当今世界，全球化的活动空间和本地化的产业集群相辅相成。产业集群通过协同效应显示出的竞争优势，已经成为世界各国特别是不发达国家和地区参与国际经济竞争的骨干力量和主要方式。近十几年来，我国产业集群进入了快速发展的轨道，但多是以中小企业为主的低成本型集群，生产资源存在着大量的浪费，企业之间竞争有余而合作不足。为了适应加入WTO，必须克服不足之处，树立区域经济的品牌和整体形象，提高区域行业的整体竞争能力。而随着计算机技术和通信技术的迅猛发展，近年来出现了许多新的服务模式甚至新的构建软件的方式和计算模型，为构建合适的面向集群型中小企业的网络化信息服务平台奠定了坚实的基础。
在这样的背景下，我们提出了按需服务的、开放的面向集群型中小企业的网络化信息服务平台模型，试图更好地利用企业的现有资产，更加快速而正确地开发未来的程序。进而通过平台为广大集群型中小企业提供各种专业特色服务，提高其自主创新能力。
首先，针对集群型中小企业特点，我们为平台设计了非常灵活的功能层次模型，使得企业应用系统的建立非常灵活。
其次，我们认真研究了平台体系结构要解决的基本问题，衡量了平台各种集成需求，然后提出了组件化松散耦合的以流程为中心的面向服务的体系结构，并阐述了采用这种体系结构的好处及其未来的发展前景。这一体系结构模型突破了传统的紧密耦合软件开发模式、点对点集成模式和以程序为中心的体系结构模型。
然后，我们对实现这一平台的关键技术进行研究。主要包括基于web服务的应用程序集成、基于XML中间件的异构数据集成、基于web服务动态整合的业务流程集成和基于XML和角色的访问控制等。
最后，给出了平台在我们承担的一个国家863项目——《浙江省块状经济区域网络化制造系统的开发和应用》中的应用情况。
Nowadays, local industrial cluster supplements global business activity. Industrial cluster has exhibited its competitive advantage via collaborative effect, and become the main mode for the countries and areas, esp. those developing ones, to take part in the international economic competition. In the past ten years, Industrial cluster has been developing very quickly in China. However, They are mostly low-cost-based clusters of small-medium enterprises. A lot of production resources are wasted. More competition than cooperation exists between these enterprises. To adapt to the new circumstances of China joining WTO, these shortcomings should be overcome. With the fast development of computer and communication technology, a lot of new service modes, modes of building software and computing models have come into being recently.
Under such background, we put forward an on-demand network-based information service platform for small-medium enterprise clusters(SMEC), and attempt to take full advantage of their present assets and enable future programs to be developed quickly and correctly. Furthermore, you can provide professional services via this platform to promote their creative ability.
Firstly, based on the characteristics of SMEC, we design a function hierarchy model to enable the creation of applications to be very flexible.
Secondly, we study on the fundamental problems that should be solved in the architecture. After taking into account various integration requirements, we propose a component-based loosely-coupled flow-centered service oriented architecture model for this platform. Both its advantages and prospect are also evaluated.
Thirdly, we discuss the key technologies based on the model proposed above, including web services based application integration, XML middleware based heterogeneous data integration, dynamic web services composition based business flow integration, and XML and role based access control.
Finally, an application example of this platform is described. It is called "the development and application of network based manufacturing system for the block-shaped economic areas in Zhejiang province", sponsored by National 863 High Tech Program.
在这样的背景下，我们提出了按需服务的、开放的面向集群型中小企业的网络化信息服务平台模型，试图更好地利用企业的现有资产，更加快速而正确地开发未来的程序。进而通过平台为广大集群型中小企业提供各种专业特色服务，提高其自主创新能力。
首先，针对集群型中小企业特点，我们为平台设计了非常灵活的功能层次模型，使得企业应用系统的建立非常灵活。
其次，我们认真研究了平台体系结构要解决的基本问题，衡量了平台各种集成需求，然后提出了组件化松散耦合的以流程为中心的面向服务的体系结构，并阐述了采用这种体系结构的好处及其未来的发展前景。这一体系结构模型突破了传统的紧密耦合软件开发模式、点对点集成模式和以程序为中心的体系结构模型。
然后，我们对实现这一平台的关键技术进行研究。主要包括基于web服务的应用程序集成、基于XML中间件的异构数据集成、基于web服务动态整合的业务流程集成和基于XML和角色的访问控制等。
最后，给出了平台在我们承担的一个国家863项目——《浙江省块状经济区域网络化制造系统的开发和应用》中的应用情况。
Nowadays, local industrial cluster supplements global business activity. Industrial cluster has exhibited its competitive advantage via collaborative effect, and become the main mode for the countries and areas, esp. those developing ones, to take part in the international economic competition. In the past ten years, Industrial cluster has been developing very quickly in China. However, They are mostly low-cost-based clusters of small-medium enterprises. A lot of production resources are wasted. More competition than cooperation exists between these enterprises. To adapt to the new circumstances of China joining WTO, these shortcomings should be overcome. With the fast development of computer and communication technology, a lot of new service modes, modes of building software and computing models have come into being recently.
Under such background, we put forward an on-demand network-based information service platform for small-medium enterprise clusters(SMEC), and attempt to take full advantage of their present assets and enable future programs to be developed quickly and correctly. Furthermore, you can provide professional services via this platform to promote their creative ability.
Firstly, based on the characteristics of SMEC, we design a function hierarchy model to enable the creation of applications to be very flexible.
Secondly, we study on the fundamental problems that should be solved in the architecture. After taking into account various integration requirements, we propose a component-based loosely-coupled flow-centered service oriented architecture model for this platform. Both its advantages and prospect are also evaluated.
Thirdly, we discuss the key technologies based on the model proposed above, including web services based application integration, XML middleware based heterogeneous data integration, dynamic web services composition based business flow integration, and XML and role based access control.
Finally, an application example of this platform is described. It is called "the development and application of network based manufacturing system for the block-shaped economic areas in Zhejiang province", sponsored by National 863 High Tech Program.
引文
1．[美]迈克尔·波特著，李明轩、邱如美译，国家竞争优势，华夏出版社，2002。
2．仇保兴著，小企业集群研究，复旦大学出版社，1999。
3．王缉慈等著，创新的空间：企业集群与区域发展，北京大学出版社，2001。
4．张宾，计算机世界：ASP商业模式分析 http://www2.ccw.com.cn/2000/0029/0029d12.asp
5. Borko Furht, An Innovative Internet Architecture for Application Service Provider, System Sciences-2000,Page 5,157
6. ASP Certification Program,White Paper,Page 1,September2000
7. http://www.mis96.com/asp/article/viewarticle.asp?id=147
8. http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-migratesoa/index.shtml
9. http://www.w3c.org/2002/ws/
10．Benoit Marchal著，杨洪涛、顾雷、郑震坤译，XML示例程序导学(第二版)，清华大学出版社，2002．9
11．Elliotte Rusty Harold著，康博创作室译，XML实用教程，机械工业出版社，1999．1
12．Russ Basiura、Mike Batongbacal等著，康博译，ASP．NET Web服务高级编程，清华大学出版社，2002．2，ISBN：7-302-05464-9／TP．3221
13．Mack Hendricks、Ben Glbraith等著，卢刚、高春荣、朱军等译，java web服务编程指南，电子工业出版社，2002．10，ISBN：7-5053-8016-8／TP．4665．
14．Scott Seely著，杨涛、杨晓云等译，SOAP XML跨平台 Web ServiCe开发技术，机械工业出版社，2002．4，ISBN：7-111-09517-0／TP．2196
15. Bernus P, Nemes L. Organizational Design: Dynamically Creating and Sustaining Integrated virtual Enterprises[C]. Proceedings of the 14th World Congress of International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC), Pergamon Press. 1999(A):189～194.
16. Mezgar, Kovacs G L. Co-ordination of SME Production through a Co-operative Network [J]. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing. 1998(9):167～172.
17. Katzy B R. Design and Implementation of Virtual Organization [C]. Proc. 31st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Science, 1998: 142～150.
18．战德臣，叶丹，徐晓飞，李全龙．动态联盟建立过程研究[J]．计算机集成制
造系统(CIMS)．1997(8)：3～6．
19．徐晓飞，战德臣等．动态联盟的建立及其集成支撑环境[J]．计算机集成制造系统(CIMS)．1998(1)：9～13．
20．李全龙，徐晓飞，战德臣等．动态联盟过程模型[J]．计算机集成制造系统(CIMS)．999，5(4)：29～34．
21．徐晓飞，战德臣等．动态联盟企业的组织方法体系[J]．计算机集成制造系统(CIMS)．1999．5(1)：7～12．
22. NIIIP. NIIIP Reference Architecture Book 0: Introduction to NIIIP Concepts [EB/OL]. NIIIP INC. http://www.niiip.org/public/home.nsf?Open
23. Camarina-Matos L. M., Afsarmanesh H., Garita C.& Lima C. Towarwards an architecture for virtual Enterprise[J]. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing. 1998, (9):189～199.
24．王海波，谢晖，姜吉发等，基于XML的数据交换的实现[J]，计算机应用，2001，21(4)：67—68。
25．吴扬扬，陈锻生，一个基于XML的web信息源集成方案[J]，计算机工程与应用，2001，37(10)。
26. CUBERA F, GOLAND Y, KLEI J, LEYMANN F, Roller D等. BPEL4WS: business process execution language for web services versionl. 0[EB/OL]. http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-bpel_spec/index.shtml
27. BURSTEIN M, HORBBS J, LASSILA O, et al. DAML-S: semantic markup for web services[C]. proceedings of the International Semantic Web Workshop, 2001. 411～413
28. PAOLUCCI M, KAGAMURA T. Semantic matching of Web Services capability[C]. The First International Semantic Web Conference, 2002. 333～347
29. http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/library/ws-bpel/
30. CASATI F, ILNICKI S, JIN L. Adaptive and dynamic service composition in eFlow[A]. Proc. of the Int. Conf. On Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE)[C]. Stockholm, Sweden, 2000. 13～31
31. Shaoan Lin, Dongming Lu, Web Services Based Supporting Platform for Virtual Enterprise, Proceedings of CSCWD2003 International Conference.
2．仇保兴著，小企业集群研究，复旦大学出版社，1999。
3．王缉慈等著，创新的空间：企业集群与区域发展，北京大学出版社，2001。
4．张宾，计算机世界：ASP商业模式分析 http://www2.ccw.com.cn/2000/0029/0029d12.asp
5. Borko Furht, An Innovative Internet Architecture for Application Service Provider, System Sciences-2000,Page 5,157
6. ASP Certification Program,White Paper,Page 1,September2000
7. http://www.mis96.com/asp/article/viewarticle.asp?id=147
8. http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-migratesoa/index.shtml
9. http://www.w3c.org/2002/ws/
10．Benoit Marchal著，杨洪涛、顾雷、郑震坤译，XML示例程序导学(第二版)，清华大学出版社，2002．9
11．Elliotte Rusty Harold著，康博创作室译，XML实用教程，机械工业出版社，1999．1
12．Russ Basiura、Mike Batongbacal等著，康博译，ASP．NET Web服务高级编程，清华大学出版社，2002．2，ISBN：7-302-05464-9／TP．3221
13．Mack Hendricks、Ben Glbraith等著，卢刚、高春荣、朱军等译，java web服务编程指南，电子工业出版社，2002．10，ISBN：7-5053-8016-8／TP．4665．
14．Scott Seely著，杨涛、杨晓云等译，SOAP XML跨平台 Web ServiCe开发技术，机械工业出版社，2002．4，ISBN：7-111-09517-0／TP．2196
15. Bernus P, Nemes L. Organizational Design: Dynamically Creating and Sustaining Integrated virtual Enterprises[C]. Proceedings of the 14th World Congress of International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC), Pergamon Press. 1999(A):189～194.
16. Mezgar, Kovacs G L. Co-ordination of SME Production through a Co-operative Network [J]. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing. 1998(9):167～172.
17. Katzy B R. Design and Implementation of Virtual Organization [C]. Proc. 31st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Science, 1998: 142～150.
18．战德臣，叶丹，徐晓飞，李全龙．动态联盟建立过程研究[J]．计算机集成制
造系统(CIMS)．1997(8)：3～6．
19．徐晓飞，战德臣等．动态联盟的建立及其集成支撑环境[J]．计算机集成制造系统(CIMS)．1998(1)：9～13．
20．李全龙，徐晓飞，战德臣等．动态联盟过程模型[J]．计算机集成制造系统(CIMS)．999，5(4)：29～34．
21．徐晓飞，战德臣等．动态联盟企业的组织方法体系[J]．计算机集成制造系统(CIMS)．1999．5(1)：7～12．
22. NIIIP. NIIIP Reference Architecture Book 0: Introduction to NIIIP Concepts [EB/OL]. NIIIP INC. http://www.niiip.org/public/home.nsf?Open
23. Camarina-Matos L. M., Afsarmanesh H., Garita C.& Lima C. Towarwards an architecture for virtual Enterprise[J]. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing. 1998, (9):189～199.
24．王海波，谢晖，姜吉发等，基于XML的数据交换的实现[J]，计算机应用，2001，21(4)：67—68。
25．吴扬扬，陈锻生，一个基于XML的web信息源集成方案[J]，计算机工程与应用，2001，37(10)。
26. CUBERA F, GOLAND Y, KLEI J, LEYMANN F, Roller D等. BPEL4WS: business process execution language for web services versionl. 0[EB/OL]. http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-bpel_spec/index.shtml
27. BURSTEIN M, HORBBS J, LASSILA O, et al. DAML-S: semantic markup for web services[C]. proceedings of the International Semantic Web Workshop, 2001. 411～413
28. PAOLUCCI M, KAGAMURA T. Semantic matching of Web Services capability[C]. The First International Semantic Web Conference, 2002. 333～347
29. http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/library/ws-bpel/
30. CASATI F, ILNICKI S, JIN L. Adaptive and dynamic service composition in eFlow[A]. Proc. of the Int. Conf. On Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE)[C]. Stockholm, Sweden, 2000. 13～31
31. Shaoan Lin, Dongming Lu, Web Services Based Supporting Platform for Virtual Enterprise, Proceedings of CSCWD2003 International Conference.