柴北缘鱼卡—红山断陷构造特征及其对油气成藏的控制
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摘要
柴北缘鱼卡—红山断陷包括鱼卡断陷、柴旦—红山断陷及红山构造带,位于柴北缘东段,由于受多期次构造运动的影响,构造圈闭破坏严重,油气勘探难度很大,但研究区烃源岩发育,地面多处见到油砂,浅井钻探见到良好油气流。所以,深入研究鱼卡—红山断陷的构造特征及构造对油气运聚的控制作用,不仅有利于研究区的油气勘探工作的部署及开发,同时也对整个柴北缘大区域的油气勘探研究有实际意义。
在简要分析研究区区域构造演化背景的基础上,编制了骨干地震剖面解释图、构造纲要图、地质剖面图,总结了鱼卡—红山断陷褶皱构造、断裂构造的基本特征、平面展布规律和剖面组合样式。认为研究区内向斜开阔、背斜紧闭,褶皱构造的平面展布以平行并列式为主,断裂多为逆冲断层,构造样式可划分为压缩构造样式、走滑构造样式和伸展构造样式三大类型。利用地层角度不整合分析法研究了区域构造变形期次,通过构造演化剖面的编制,分析了研究区的构造。分析了构造对研究区侏罗系烃源岩发育、分布的控制作用、构造圈闭的类型和特征及构造对油气运聚的控制作用,认为构造对研究区烃源岩发育分布具有重要控制作用,研究区主要发育背斜、断背斜和断块构造圈闭,油气早期以侧向运移为主,晚期垂向运移显著,断裂是油气垂向运移的重要通道。通过对研究区不同构造单元油源条件、储层条件、盖层条件、圈闭条件、运聚条件和保存条件的综合分析,认为鱼卡断陷是一类有利油气勘探区,红山构造带是二类有利油气勘探区带,柴旦—红山断陷是三类有利油气勘探区带。
The Yu Qia-Hong Shan fault depression of the North Margin of the Qaidam Basin includes Yu Qia fault depression, Qaidan-Hong Shan fault depression and Hong Shan tectonic belt, which locates in the eastern section at the north margin of Qaidam Basin. Because the influence of multistage tectonization, the structural traps were serious destroyed, which was hard to explore, however hydrocarbon source rock developed in research area, and the oil sands were over there, the better fluid of oil and gas was found by using shallow well drilling. So, according to study on the tectonic characteristics and its control to oil and gas in the Yu Qia -Hong Shan fault depression at the North Margin of Qaidam Basin, oil and gas exploration is not only better deployed and developed, it is also significant to research on the whole area of North Margin of Qaidam Basin.
After brief anglicizing regional tectonic evolutions of study area, compilated backbone seismic section interpretation maps, structure outline maps and geologic section maps, summarized fold structures and fault structures'basic characteristics, plane distribution regularity and section assemble pattern of Yu Qia- Hong Shan fault depression. Summarized that synclines are open, anticlines are tightly closed, and plane distribution pattern of folds was parallel and juxtaposition. The faults were mostly thrust fault, and tectonic types can be divided into 3 styles: compression tectonic style, strike-slip style and extending tectonic style. Based on analysis of formation angular unconformity methods, it studied regional structural deformation stage. And also analyzed area structure through tectonic evolution sections' compilations. Analyzed tectonics' controls over hydrocarbon source rock development and distribution, types and characteristics of tectonic trap, and the tectonic characteristics' control to hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. Considered that the tectonic had important control to hydrocarbon source rock development and distribution. There are many anticlines, faulted anticlines and fault block tectonic traps. The result of tectonic control is that oil and gas mainly run with lateral migration firstly. It significantly run with vertical migration latter, faults are important pathway to vertical migration. After analysis and research, the main six factors are got, which are oil source condition, reservoir conditions, cap rock condition, trap conditions, migration and accumulation condition, preservation conditions. According to above six factors, Yu Qia fault depression is the I favorable exploration researched belt, Qaidan-Hong Shan fault depression is the II favorable exploration researched belt and Hong Shan tectonic belt is the III favorable exploration researched belt.
在简要分析研究区区域构造演化背景的基础上,编制了骨干地震剖面解释图、构造纲要图、地质剖面图,总结了鱼卡—红山断陷褶皱构造、断裂构造的基本特征、平面展布规律和剖面组合样式。认为研究区内向斜开阔、背斜紧闭,褶皱构造的平面展布以平行并列式为主,断裂多为逆冲断层,构造样式可划分为压缩构造样式、走滑构造样式和伸展构造样式三大类型。利用地层角度不整合分析法研究了区域构造变形期次,通过构造演化剖面的编制,分析了研究区的构造。分析了构造对研究区侏罗系烃源岩发育、分布的控制作用、构造圈闭的类型和特征及构造对油气运聚的控制作用,认为构造对研究区烃源岩发育分布具有重要控制作用,研究区主要发育背斜、断背斜和断块构造圈闭,油气早期以侧向运移为主,晚期垂向运移显著,断裂是油气垂向运移的重要通道。通过对研究区不同构造单元油源条件、储层条件、盖层条件、圈闭条件、运聚条件和保存条件的综合分析,认为鱼卡断陷是一类有利油气勘探区,红山构造带是二类有利油气勘探区带,柴旦—红山断陷是三类有利油气勘探区带。
The Yu Qia-Hong Shan fault depression of the North Margin of the Qaidam Basin includes Yu Qia fault depression, Qaidan-Hong Shan fault depression and Hong Shan tectonic belt, which locates in the eastern section at the north margin of Qaidam Basin. Because the influence of multistage tectonization, the structural traps were serious destroyed, which was hard to explore, however hydrocarbon source rock developed in research area, and the oil sands were over there, the better fluid of oil and gas was found by using shallow well drilling. So, according to study on the tectonic characteristics and its control to oil and gas in the Yu Qia -Hong Shan fault depression at the North Margin of Qaidam Basin, oil and gas exploration is not only better deployed and developed, it is also significant to research on the whole area of North Margin of Qaidam Basin.
After brief anglicizing regional tectonic evolutions of study area, compilated backbone seismic section interpretation maps, structure outline maps and geologic section maps, summarized fold structures and fault structures'basic characteristics, plane distribution regularity and section assemble pattern of Yu Qia- Hong Shan fault depression. Summarized that synclines are open, anticlines are tightly closed, and plane distribution pattern of folds was parallel and juxtaposition. The faults were mostly thrust fault, and tectonic types can be divided into 3 styles: compression tectonic style, strike-slip style and extending tectonic style. Based on analysis of formation angular unconformity methods, it studied regional structural deformation stage. And also analyzed area structure through tectonic evolution sections' compilations. Analyzed tectonics' controls over hydrocarbon source rock development and distribution, types and characteristics of tectonic trap, and the tectonic characteristics' control to hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. Considered that the tectonic had important control to hydrocarbon source rock development and distribution. There are many anticlines, faulted anticlines and fault block tectonic traps. The result of tectonic control is that oil and gas mainly run with lateral migration firstly. It significantly run with vertical migration latter, faults are important pathway to vertical migration. After analysis and research, the main six factors are got, which are oil source condition, reservoir conditions, cap rock condition, trap conditions, migration and accumulation condition, preservation conditions. According to above six factors, Yu Qia fault depression is the I favorable exploration researched belt, Qaidan-Hong Shan fault depression is the II favorable exploration researched belt and Hong Shan tectonic belt is the III favorable exploration researched belt.
引文
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[7]金之钧.柴达木中新生代盆地演化及其控油气作用.石油与天然气地质[J].2004,25(6):603-608.
[8]徐凤银.柴达木盆地中、新生代构造演化及其对油气的控制[J].中国石油勘探,2006,11(6):9-16.
[9]姜波.柴北缘侏罗系构造演化及其成藏动力学研究(内部资料)[R].徐州:中国矿业大学,2007
[10]姜波.柴达木北缘煤镜质组光性组构及应力-应变分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2002,31(6):561-564.
[11]姜波,徐凤银,彭德华,等.柴达木盆地北缘断裂构造变形特征[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(6):687-692.
[12]王桂宏,徐凤银,陈新领,等.柴北缘地区走滑反转构造及其深部地质因素分析石油[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(2):201-204.
[13]Mc Clay K R.Glossary of thrust tectonics terms.Thrust Tectonics[M].London:Chapman&Hall,1992,419-433.
[14]陈蟒蛟.柴达木盆地北缘油气藏类型、特征及其控制因素探讨[J].江汉石油学院学报,2002,24(2):8-11.
[15]高长海.柴达木盆地北缘断裂构造与油气聚集[J].石油天然气学报,2007,29(1):11-15.
[16]魏国齐.柴达木盆地北缘走滑-冲断构造特征及其油气勘探思路[J].地学前缘,2005,12(4):397-402.
[17]王步清.柴达木盆地北缘新生代右行走滑冲断构造带的几何学和运动学[J].浙江大学学报,2005,32(2):255-230.
[18]肖安成,杨树锋,程晓敢,等.柴达木盆地北缘的右行走滑冲断系统及其动力学[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(4):482-487.
[19]胡受权.柴达木盆地北缘构造格局及在中、新生代的演化[J].新疆石油地质,2001,22(1):13-16.
[20]陈淑兰.柴达木盆地北缘西段断裂发育特征与油气聚集[J].天然气工业,2004,24(3):22-26.
[21]黄龙威.柴达木盆地北缘断裂特征与油气圈闭成因类型[J].大庆石油学院学报,2006,30(2):13-15.
[22]刘志宏.柴达木盆地北缘地区新生代构造特征及变形规律[J].地质科学,2005,40(3):404-414.
[23]Zeng Lianbo,Jin Zhijun,ZhangMingl,ietal.The Jurassic basin type and its evolution characteristic in Qaidam basin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2002,20(2):288-292.
[24]Zeng,L.B.,Jin,Z.J.,Tang,L.J.,et al.,2001.Structural controls of petroleum and gas distribution on northern margin of Qaidam basin,China.EarthScience-Journal of China University of Geosciences,26(1):54-58.
[25]SONG Jianguo,LIAO Jian.Structural features of Qaidam Basin and the play division[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1982(Suppl):14-23.
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