新疆产业结构变迁与生态环境系统协调性研究
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摘要
随着新疆工业化进程的加速,作为重要的能源和原材料基地,尤其是能源工业、原材料工业和化工工业的发展,对今后经济与社会发展带来巨大的环境压力。从世界工业化国家和地区的工业化道路看,新疆的工业化进程将使经济发展与环境间的矛盾呈加剧的趋势。为实现可持续发展的目标,把握工业发展的规律、优化工业结构、减少污染物排放强度是当前行之有效的措施。工业行业结构的调整更多地取决于当地政府的发展战略。因此,正确的途径是在制定政策时,分析各种行业方案的结构性环境效应,以确定环境与经济协调发展的“绿色化”政策。
新疆气候干燥,常年少雨,土地以沙漠和戈壁为主,只有4.4%的面积是绿洲,森林覆盖率只有2.1%,生态系统脆弱,环境状况较差,生态环境以荒漠生态为主,生态系统脆弱,具有遭到破坏后难以恢复的特有属性；新疆生产生活的核心区域是一个个独立分布在荒漠边缘的绿洲系统,绿洲系统同样具有难以进行生态恢复的特性。这为新疆产业结构变迁提出了具体要就,是新疆产业结构是新疆产业升级的方向,即新时期产业结构的变迁(优化升级)必须保证生态安全。
因此,在新疆特殊环境下发展生产必须牢固树立生态环境忧患意识,把加强生态建设和环境保护放在突出重要地位,正确处理好开发与保护的关系,避免走“重开发、轻保护,先污染、后治理”的老路,努力实现经济社会发展与生态环境相协调。
本文在新疆产业结构变迁的实际过程和新疆生态环境自身特点的基础上,定性分析了新疆产业结构变迁对生态环境造成的各种影响,并以此定性分析的基础上构建包含生态环境体系和产业结构体系的综合指标体系,对新疆产业结构变迁与生态环境系统的协调性进行定量研究,并指出新疆产业结构变迁过程中对生态环境造成了负面的影响,使得产业结构与生态环境的协调性不断降低。最后,根据前文研究本文提出相应的对策建议,力图实现新疆产业结构变迁与生态系统相协调。
With the accelerating industrialization, Xinjiang As the important energy and materials base, especially the development of the energy, the materials and the chemical industry, the intensive environmental pressure will come into being. From the industrialized nations all over the world, the contraindication of the development and the environment will be turning worse. In order to obtain the sustainable development, the effective measures should be taken, such as mastering the industrial rule, optimizing the industrial structure and reducing the pollutant. the industrial structural adjustment is decided by the governmental developmental strategy. Therefore, the right way is while establish policy, the environment "Green" policy can be framed on the foundation of analyzing the structural environment effect of every kind of project. Xinjiang is situated at northeast the motherland the arid semi-arid region, the ecological environment by wilderness ecology primarily, the unique attribute which the ecosystem is frail, after having is destructed, restores with difficulty; Xinjiang produces the life the core region is each one independence distributes in wilderness edge oasis system, the oasis system has similarly carries on the characteristic which with difficulty the ecology restores. This proposed for the Xinjiang industrial structure vicissitude must, be specifically the Xinjiang industrial structure is the Xinjiang industrial upgrading direction, namely the new time industrial structure's vicissitude (optimized promotion) must assure the ecological security.
It is very dry and short of rain throughout the year in Xinjiang, The land takes desert and the Gobi desert as the core, only 4.4% of the area is the oasis. The forest coverage rate is only 2.1%.The ecosystem is fragile and the environmental state is relatively bad. In addition, the economic development level of Xinjiang lags behind relatively, the construction input for ecological environment is very limited. Many reasons have caused the reality with worse state of ecological environment of Xinjiang. Under such natural and economic condition, the blind industrial structure will make the ecological environment destructed even worsen. The industrial structure question is just because of the inside out-of-balance which is caused by imperfection of structure and function within the industrial ecosystem, and human unordered, amorphous activity. But such a systematic imperfection can be perfected through human subjective initiative and regulation and control of activity constantly, namely the contradictions of industrial structure and ecological environment n be solved through the regulation and control of the mankind itself activity. This article in the Xinjiang industrial structure vicissitude's actual process and in the Xinjiang ecological environment own characteristic's foundation, the qualitative analysis Xinjiang industrial structure vicissitude each kind of influence which created to the ecological environment, and constructed by in this qualitative analysis's foundation contains the ecological environment system and the industrial structure system's overall target system, conducted the quantitative investigation to the Xinjiang industrial structure vicissitude and the ecological environment system's coordination, and pointed out that in the Xinjiang industrial structure vicissitude process has had the negative influence to the ecological environment, caused the industrial structure and the ecological environment coordination reduces unceasingly. Finally, according to preamble research this article proposed that the corresponding countermeasure suggested that tries hard to realize the Xinjiang industrial structure.
新疆气候干燥,常年少雨,土地以沙漠和戈壁为主,只有4.4%的面积是绿洲,森林覆盖率只有2.1%,生态系统脆弱,环境状况较差,生态环境以荒漠生态为主,生态系统脆弱,具有遭到破坏后难以恢复的特有属性；新疆生产生活的核心区域是一个个独立分布在荒漠边缘的绿洲系统,绿洲系统同样具有难以进行生态恢复的特性。这为新疆产业结构变迁提出了具体要就,是新疆产业结构是新疆产业升级的方向,即新时期产业结构的变迁(优化升级)必须保证生态安全。
因此,在新疆特殊环境下发展生产必须牢固树立生态环境忧患意识,把加强生态建设和环境保护放在突出重要地位,正确处理好开发与保护的关系,避免走“重开发、轻保护,先污染、后治理”的老路,努力实现经济社会发展与生态环境相协调。
本文在新疆产业结构变迁的实际过程和新疆生态环境自身特点的基础上,定性分析了新疆产业结构变迁对生态环境造成的各种影响,并以此定性分析的基础上构建包含生态环境体系和产业结构体系的综合指标体系,对新疆产业结构变迁与生态环境系统的协调性进行定量研究,并指出新疆产业结构变迁过程中对生态环境造成了负面的影响,使得产业结构与生态环境的协调性不断降低。最后,根据前文研究本文提出相应的对策建议,力图实现新疆产业结构变迁与生态系统相协调。
With the accelerating industrialization, Xinjiang As the important energy and materials base, especially the development of the energy, the materials and the chemical industry, the intensive environmental pressure will come into being. From the industrialized nations all over the world, the contraindication of the development and the environment will be turning worse. In order to obtain the sustainable development, the effective measures should be taken, such as mastering the industrial rule, optimizing the industrial structure and reducing the pollutant. the industrial structural adjustment is decided by the governmental developmental strategy. Therefore, the right way is while establish policy, the environment "Green" policy can be framed on the foundation of analyzing the structural environment effect of every kind of project. Xinjiang is situated at northeast the motherland the arid semi-arid region, the ecological environment by wilderness ecology primarily, the unique attribute which the ecosystem is frail, after having is destructed, restores with difficulty; Xinjiang produces the life the core region is each one independence distributes in wilderness edge oasis system, the oasis system has similarly carries on the characteristic which with difficulty the ecology restores. This proposed for the Xinjiang industrial structure vicissitude must, be specifically the Xinjiang industrial structure is the Xinjiang industrial upgrading direction, namely the new time industrial structure's vicissitude (optimized promotion) must assure the ecological security.
It is very dry and short of rain throughout the year in Xinjiang, The land takes desert and the Gobi desert as the core, only 4.4% of the area is the oasis. The forest coverage rate is only 2.1%.The ecosystem is fragile and the environmental state is relatively bad. In addition, the economic development level of Xinjiang lags behind relatively, the construction input for ecological environment is very limited. Many reasons have caused the reality with worse state of ecological environment of Xinjiang. Under such natural and economic condition, the blind industrial structure will make the ecological environment destructed even worsen. The industrial structure question is just because of the inside out-of-balance which is caused by imperfection of structure and function within the industrial ecosystem, and human unordered, amorphous activity. But such a systematic imperfection can be perfected through human subjective initiative and regulation and control of activity constantly, namely the contradictions of industrial structure and ecological environment n be solved through the regulation and control of the mankind itself activity. This article in the Xinjiang industrial structure vicissitude's actual process and in the Xinjiang ecological environment own characteristic's foundation, the qualitative analysis Xinjiang industrial structure vicissitude each kind of influence which created to the ecological environment, and constructed by in this qualitative analysis's foundation contains the ecological environment system and the industrial structure system's overall target system, conducted the quantitative investigation to the Xinjiang industrial structure vicissitude and the ecological environment system's coordination, and pointed out that in the Xinjiang industrial structure vicissitude process has had the negative influence to the ecological environment, caused the industrial structure and the ecological environment coordination reduces unceasingly. Finally, according to preamble research this article proposed that the corresponding countermeasure suggested that tries hard to realize the Xinjiang industrial structure.
引文
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18同上
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2王向超.山东省产业结构演进与经济增长研究(硕士论文).中国石油大学,2007
3袁旭梅.区域“经济-资源-环境”复合系统协调发展分析、建模与评价研究[博士论文]天津：天津大学,1998
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8沈君.新疆区域经济与环境的协调发展研究.硕士论文.新疆农业大学,2006
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