逆变器PWM谐波分析及谐波抑制方法研究
|
摘要
随着电力电子技术进一步发展,PWM逆变器在各种电力电子装置中得到了广泛的应用。在高效节能的同时,谐波污染问题也日益严重。为了减小谐波污染和进一步节能降耗,已经提出了各种PWM控制技术来抑制谐波。本文在对PWM电压型逆变器进行谐波分析的基础上,对特定谐波消除技术进行了深入研究。
首先,根据PWM技术的基本原理与傅里叶级数理论,建立了正弦PWM逆变器和随机PWM逆变器输出电压波形的数学模型,并通过仿真对其数学模型进行谐波分析,得出其输出电压波形的谐波分布规律,为研究特定消谐技术提供了理论依据。
其次,根据特定消谐技术的基本原理,建立了特定消谐逆变器输出波形的数学模型。该数学模型为非线性超越方程组,在分析牛顿迭代法求解的基础上,提出了同伦算法,它具有在大范围内快速收敛和对迭代初值要求低等特性。求解过程是先用同伦算法对非线性超越方程组进行求解,再用牛顿迭代法求得精确解。通过与牛顿迭代法的比较,该算法具有计算速度快、收敛域宽、计算精度高等优点。
再次,通过分析开关角的分布规律和在硬件实现时所存在的问题,提出了省略开关角对和省略窄脉冲的优化策略。在不影响输出波形质量的前提下,以达到便于工程实现、减小功率开关管损耗、消除低次谐波的目的。
最后,对双极性的特定消谐逆变器进行仿真,对其电压波形及其频谱图进行了分析,验证了理论分析的正确性。根据上述研究制作了基于STC89C52RC单片机的硬件控制电路,编制了程序软件。通过对实验结果的分析,验证了采用同伦算法和牛顿迭代法相结合的新算法进行逆变器消谐模型的求解,具有收敛范围宽、收敛速度快等显著优点。
With the further development of power electronics technology, PWM inverter has been widely used in a variety of power electronic devices. In efficient and energy-saving, at the same time, harmonic pollution problem has become increasingly serious. In order to reduce the harmonic pollution and further saving energy, have proposed a variety of PWM control techniques to suppress harmonics. In this paper, based on harmonic analysis for PWM voltage source inverter, studies on selective harmonic elimination technology.
First, according to the basic principles of PWM technology and Fourier series theory, mathematical models of output voltage waveform for the sinusoidal PWM inverter and random PWM inverter have built,and has carried out harmonic analysis by simulation of its mathematical model, reached its harmonic distribution of the output voltage waveform, provided a theoretical basis for the study of selective harmonic elimination technology.
Secondly, according to the fundamental principles of selective harmonic elimination technology, the mathematical model of output voltage waveform for selective harmonic elimination inverter has built. The mathematical model is nonlinear transcendental equations, based on analysis of Newton iteration method, proposed homotopy algorithm, which has fast convergence in a large area and low demand characteristics for the iterative initial value. Solving process is the first to use non-linear homotopy algorithms for solving transcendental equations, and then obtain exact solutions by Newton iterative method.And by comparison with Newton iterative method, this algorithm have calculation speed, convergence wide-field and high precision calculation et al.
Again, by analyzing distribution of switching angle for selective harmonic elimination technology and the extent of the problem of hardware implementation, proposed the optimization strategy, include a switch angle and a narrow pulse are omitted. Without affecting the quality of the output voltage waveform,in order to achieve purpose for easy engineering implementation, reducing power switch loss and elimination of low-harmonic.
Finally, the bipolar inverter for selective harmonic elimination have simulated, its output voltage waveform and its spectrogram was analyzed to verify the theoretical analysis is correct. According to these studies has produced a hardware control circuit based on STC89C52RC and compiled software. Through the analysis of experimental results to verify significant advantages, include convergence range and fast convergence speed, the model of harmonic elimination inverter has solved by the use of the new algorithm for combining the homotopy algorithm and Newton iterative method.
首先,根据PWM技术的基本原理与傅里叶级数理论,建立了正弦PWM逆变器和随机PWM逆变器输出电压波形的数学模型,并通过仿真对其数学模型进行谐波分析,得出其输出电压波形的谐波分布规律,为研究特定消谐技术提供了理论依据。
其次,根据特定消谐技术的基本原理,建立了特定消谐逆变器输出波形的数学模型。该数学模型为非线性超越方程组,在分析牛顿迭代法求解的基础上,提出了同伦算法,它具有在大范围内快速收敛和对迭代初值要求低等特性。求解过程是先用同伦算法对非线性超越方程组进行求解,再用牛顿迭代法求得精确解。通过与牛顿迭代法的比较,该算法具有计算速度快、收敛域宽、计算精度高等优点。
再次,通过分析开关角的分布规律和在硬件实现时所存在的问题,提出了省略开关角对和省略窄脉冲的优化策略。在不影响输出波形质量的前提下,以达到便于工程实现、减小功率开关管损耗、消除低次谐波的目的。
最后,对双极性的特定消谐逆变器进行仿真,对其电压波形及其频谱图进行了分析,验证了理论分析的正确性。根据上述研究制作了基于STC89C52RC单片机的硬件控制电路,编制了程序软件。通过对实验结果的分析,验证了采用同伦算法和牛顿迭代法相结合的新算法进行逆变器消谐模型的求解,具有收敛范围宽、收敛速度快等显著优点。
With the further development of power electronics technology, PWM inverter has been widely used in a variety of power electronic devices. In efficient and energy-saving, at the same time, harmonic pollution problem has become increasingly serious. In order to reduce the harmonic pollution and further saving energy, have proposed a variety of PWM control techniques to suppress harmonics. In this paper, based on harmonic analysis for PWM voltage source inverter, studies on selective harmonic elimination technology.
First, according to the basic principles of PWM technology and Fourier series theory, mathematical models of output voltage waveform for the sinusoidal PWM inverter and random PWM inverter have built,and has carried out harmonic analysis by simulation of its mathematical model, reached its harmonic distribution of the output voltage waveform, provided a theoretical basis for the study of selective harmonic elimination technology.
Secondly, according to the fundamental principles of selective harmonic elimination technology, the mathematical model of output voltage waveform for selective harmonic elimination inverter has built. The mathematical model is nonlinear transcendental equations, based on analysis of Newton iteration method, proposed homotopy algorithm, which has fast convergence in a large area and low demand characteristics for the iterative initial value. Solving process is the first to use non-linear homotopy algorithms for solving transcendental equations, and then obtain exact solutions by Newton iterative method.And by comparison with Newton iterative method, this algorithm have calculation speed, convergence wide-field and high precision calculation et al.
Again, by analyzing distribution of switching angle for selective harmonic elimination technology and the extent of the problem of hardware implementation, proposed the optimization strategy, include a switch angle and a narrow pulse are omitted. Without affecting the quality of the output voltage waveform,in order to achieve purpose for easy engineering implementation, reducing power switch loss and elimination of low-harmonic.
Finally, the bipolar inverter for selective harmonic elimination have simulated, its output voltage waveform and its spectrogram was analyzed to verify the theoretical analysis is correct. According to these studies has produced a hardware control circuit based on STC89C52RC and compiled software. Through the analysis of experimental results to verify significant advantages, include convergence range and fast convergence speed, the model of harmonic elimination inverter has solved by the use of the new algorithm for combining the homotopy algorithm and Newton iterative method.
引文
[1]李序葆,赵永健.电力电子器件及其应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[2]刘凤君.现代逆变技术及应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[3]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[4]陈国呈.新型电力电子变换技术.北京:中国电力出版社,2004.
[5]佟为明.PWM逆变器特定消谐式谐波抑制技术的研究:(博士学位论文).哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,1999.
[6]吴安顺.最新实用交流调速系统.北京:机械工业出版社,1998.
[7]谢孟.单相400Hz中频电压源逆变器的输出控制及其并联运行控制:(博士学位论文).北京:中国科学院电工研究所,2006:1-5.
[8]徐超.特定谐波消除技术中方程组快速求解研究:(硕士学位论文).长春:东北电力大学,2007.
[9]王兆安,杨君.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[10]肖湘宁.电能质量分析与控制.北京:中国电力出版社,2004.
[11]陈国呈编著.新型电力电子变换技术,北京:中国电力出版社,2004.
[12]曲学基,曲敬铠,于明扬.逆变技术基础与应用,北京:电子工业出版社,2007.
[13]魏华雄.SPWM逆变供电下感应电机谐波分析及仿真:(硕士论文).哈尔滨理工大学,2004.
[14] Bose B K.Modem power electronics and AC drivers.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.3,168-190.
[15]刘风君.正弦波逆变器.北京:科学出版社,2002.
[16]王正华.SPWM中载波对电机振动和噪声的影响.噪声与振动控制,2006,26(4):73-79.
[17]马丰民,吴正国,李玉梅.随机频率PWM逆变器的分析设计.中国电机工程学报,2008,28(15):67-70.
[18] Trzynadloweski A M ,Borisov K ,Li Y ,et al.Mitigation of electromagnetic interference and acoustic noise in vehicular drives by random pulse width modulation.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics ,2004(10):67-71.
[19] Lai Y S,Chang Y T.Design and implementation of vector control induction motor drives using random switching technique with constant sampling frequency.IEEE Trans.on Power Electronics, 2001,16(3):400-409.
[20] Trzynadloweski A M ,Borisov K ,Li Y, et al.A novel random PWM technique with low computational overhead and constant sampling frequency for high-Volume, Low-Cost Applications. IEEE Transactions on Power Elect ronics ,2005,20(1):116-122.
[21] J.Pontt,J.Rodríguez,R.Huerta,“Mitigation of non-eliminated harmonics of SHEPWM three-level multipulse three-phase active frontend converters with low switching frequency for meeting standard IEEE-519-92,”IEEE Trans. Power Electron.,vol.19,no.6,pp.1594–1600,Nov.2004.
[22]佟为明,王宇虹,程树康等.PWM逆变器特定消谐式谐波抑制技术的研究.高技术通讯,2001, 09(1):68-71.
[23] Kirlin R L,Bech M M,Trzynadlowski A M.Analysis of power and power spectral density in PWM inverters with randomized switching frequency.IEEE Trans.on Industry Electronics,2002, 49(2):486-499.
[24]费万民,吕征宇,姚文熙.多电平逆变器特定谐波消除脉宽调制方法的仿真研究.中国电机工程学报,2004,24(1):102-106.
[25] Li L,Dariusz Czarkowski,Yaguang Liu et al.Multilevel selective harmonic elimination PWM technique in series-connected voltage inverters.Transactions on Industry Applications, January/February 2000,36(1):160-170.
[26] J.Pontt , J.Rodriguez, R.Huerta et al.“Mitigation of noneliminated harmonics of SHEPWM three-level multipulse three-phase active front end converters with low switching frequency for meeting standard IEEE-519-92”, in Proc. IEEE PESC, 2003, pp. 531-536.
[27] J. Pontt, J.Rodriguez,R.Huerta et al.”A mitigation method for non-eliminated harmonics of SHEPWM three-level multipulse threephase active front end converter,”in Proc. IEEE ISIE,2003, vol.1,pp.258-263.
[28]魏华雄.SPWM逆变供电下感应电机谐波分析及仿真:(硕士学位论文).哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2004.
[29]刘磊.SPWM逆变器混合调制方法的研究:(硕士学位论文).北京:中国农业大学,2005.
[30]丁小松.SHEPWM控制技术研究及其应用设计:(硕士学位论文).西安:西北工业大学,2002.
[31]林飞,杜欣编著.电力电子应用技术的MATLAB仿真.北京:中国电力出版社,2008.
[32]陈坚,电力电子变换和控制技术.北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[33] Zhang Kai,Kang Yong,Xiong Jian,et al,Direct repetitive control of SPWM inverter for UPS purpose,IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2003,18(3):784-792.
[34] Jian Sun,Stephan Beineke,Horst Grotstollen.Optimal PWM based on real-time solution of harmonic elimination equations.IEEE Transactions On Power Electronics,1996,11(4):612-621.
[35]黄瀚,纪延超,张辉等.优化特定消谐PWM技术.中国电机工程学报,1997,17(5):344-347.
[36]黄象鼎.非线性数值分析的理论与方法.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2004.
[37]马正飞,殷翔.数学计算方法与软件的工程应用.北京:化学工业出版社,2002.
[38]同济大学计算数学教研组.现代数值数学和计算.上海:同济大学出版社,2004.
[39]谢运祥,周炼,彭宏.逆变器消谐PWM模型的同伦算法研究.中国电机工程学报,2000, 20(10):24-26.
[40]李霞,刘建平,杨爱民.同伦新算法在逆变器消谐模型中的研究及应用.佳木斯大学学报,2007,25(3):381-384.
[41]李治典,周秦英,李宏.实时求解特定消谐方程组的新算法.西北工业大学学报,2004,22(1):37-40.
[42] T.Kato.Sequential Homotopy-based computation of multiple solutions for selected harmonic elimination in PWM inverters.IEEE Trans.On Circuits Syst.I,1999,46(5):586-593.
[43]周炼,谢运祥.基于同伦算法的逆变器电源谐波模型研究.电工技术杂志,2000,(7):4-6.
[44] Li Zhidian,Zhou Qinying,Li Hong,et al.A novel algorithm for real-time solution of nonlinear surmount SHET equations.Journal of NorthwesternPolytechnical University,2004,22(1):37-40.
[45]谢运祥.逆变器消谐控制的同伦模型建立及算法分析.中国电机工程学报,2002,22(5):27-30.
[46]谢运祥,欧阳森编著.电力电子单片机控制技术,北京:机械工业出版社,2007.
[2]刘凤君.现代逆变技术及应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[3]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[4]陈国呈.新型电力电子变换技术.北京:中国电力出版社,2004.
[5]佟为明.PWM逆变器特定消谐式谐波抑制技术的研究:(博士学位论文).哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,1999.
[6]吴安顺.最新实用交流调速系统.北京:机械工业出版社,1998.
[7]谢孟.单相400Hz中频电压源逆变器的输出控制及其并联运行控制:(博士学位论文).北京:中国科学院电工研究所,2006:1-5.
[8]徐超.特定谐波消除技术中方程组快速求解研究:(硕士学位论文).长春:东北电力大学,2007.
[9]王兆安,杨君.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[10]肖湘宁.电能质量分析与控制.北京:中国电力出版社,2004.
[11]陈国呈编著.新型电力电子变换技术,北京:中国电力出版社,2004.
[12]曲学基,曲敬铠,于明扬.逆变技术基础与应用,北京:电子工业出版社,2007.
[13]魏华雄.SPWM逆变供电下感应电机谐波分析及仿真:(硕士论文).哈尔滨理工大学,2004.
[14] Bose B K.Modem power electronics and AC drivers.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.3,168-190.
[15]刘风君.正弦波逆变器.北京:科学出版社,2002.
[16]王正华.SPWM中载波对电机振动和噪声的影响.噪声与振动控制,2006,26(4):73-79.
[17]马丰民,吴正国,李玉梅.随机频率PWM逆变器的分析设计.中国电机工程学报,2008,28(15):67-70.
[18] Trzynadloweski A M ,Borisov K ,Li Y ,et al.Mitigation of electromagnetic interference and acoustic noise in vehicular drives by random pulse width modulation.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics ,2004(10):67-71.
[19] Lai Y S,Chang Y T.Design and implementation of vector control induction motor drives using random switching technique with constant sampling frequency.IEEE Trans.on Power Electronics, 2001,16(3):400-409.
[20] Trzynadloweski A M ,Borisov K ,Li Y, et al.A novel random PWM technique with low computational overhead and constant sampling frequency for high-Volume, Low-Cost Applications. IEEE Transactions on Power Elect ronics ,2005,20(1):116-122.
[21] J.Pontt,J.Rodríguez,R.Huerta,“Mitigation of non-eliminated harmonics of SHEPWM three-level multipulse three-phase active frontend converters with low switching frequency for meeting standard IEEE-519-92,”IEEE Trans. Power Electron.,vol.19,no.6,pp.1594–1600,Nov.2004.
[22]佟为明,王宇虹,程树康等.PWM逆变器特定消谐式谐波抑制技术的研究.高技术通讯,2001, 09(1):68-71.
[23] Kirlin R L,Bech M M,Trzynadlowski A M.Analysis of power and power spectral density in PWM inverters with randomized switching frequency.IEEE Trans.on Industry Electronics,2002, 49(2):486-499.
[24]费万民,吕征宇,姚文熙.多电平逆变器特定谐波消除脉宽调制方法的仿真研究.中国电机工程学报,2004,24(1):102-106.
[25] Li L,Dariusz Czarkowski,Yaguang Liu et al.Multilevel selective harmonic elimination PWM technique in series-connected voltage inverters.Transactions on Industry Applications, January/February 2000,36(1):160-170.
[26] J.Pontt , J.Rodriguez, R.Huerta et al.“Mitigation of noneliminated harmonics of SHEPWM three-level multipulse three-phase active front end converters with low switching frequency for meeting standard IEEE-519-92”, in Proc. IEEE PESC, 2003, pp. 531-536.
[27] J. Pontt, J.Rodriguez,R.Huerta et al.”A mitigation method for non-eliminated harmonics of SHEPWM three-level multipulse threephase active front end converter,”in Proc. IEEE ISIE,2003, vol.1,pp.258-263.
[28]魏华雄.SPWM逆变供电下感应电机谐波分析及仿真:(硕士学位论文).哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2004.
[29]刘磊.SPWM逆变器混合调制方法的研究:(硕士学位论文).北京:中国农业大学,2005.
[30]丁小松.SHEPWM控制技术研究及其应用设计:(硕士学位论文).西安:西北工业大学,2002.
[31]林飞,杜欣编著.电力电子应用技术的MATLAB仿真.北京:中国电力出版社,2008.
[32]陈坚,电力电子变换和控制技术.北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[33] Zhang Kai,Kang Yong,Xiong Jian,et al,Direct repetitive control of SPWM inverter for UPS purpose,IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2003,18(3):784-792.
[34] Jian Sun,Stephan Beineke,Horst Grotstollen.Optimal PWM based on real-time solution of harmonic elimination equations.IEEE Transactions On Power Electronics,1996,11(4):612-621.
[35]黄瀚,纪延超,张辉等.优化特定消谐PWM技术.中国电机工程学报,1997,17(5):344-347.
[36]黄象鼎.非线性数值分析的理论与方法.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2004.
[37]马正飞,殷翔.数学计算方法与软件的工程应用.北京:化学工业出版社,2002.
[38]同济大学计算数学教研组.现代数值数学和计算.上海:同济大学出版社,2004.
[39]谢运祥,周炼,彭宏.逆变器消谐PWM模型的同伦算法研究.中国电机工程学报,2000, 20(10):24-26.
[40]李霞,刘建平,杨爱民.同伦新算法在逆变器消谐模型中的研究及应用.佳木斯大学学报,2007,25(3):381-384.
[41]李治典,周秦英,李宏.实时求解特定消谐方程组的新算法.西北工业大学学报,2004,22(1):37-40.
[42] T.Kato.Sequential Homotopy-based computation of multiple solutions for selected harmonic elimination in PWM inverters.IEEE Trans.On Circuits Syst.I,1999,46(5):586-593.
[43]周炼,谢运祥.基于同伦算法的逆变器电源谐波模型研究.电工技术杂志,2000,(7):4-6.
[44] Li Zhidian,Zhou Qinying,Li Hong,et al.A novel algorithm for real-time solution of nonlinear surmount SHET equations.Journal of NorthwesternPolytechnical University,2004,22(1):37-40.
[45]谢运祥.逆变器消谐控制的同伦模型建立及算法分析.中国电机工程学报,2002,22(5):27-30.
[46]谢运祥,欧阳森编著.电力电子单片机控制技术,北京:机械工业出版社,2007.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |