超声环流技术粗提大黄、陈皮有效成分的研究
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摘要
我国中草药资源丰富,利用中草药治疗疾病已有悠久的历史;尤其是中草药的恒效、安全等优点受到世人的瞩目。特别在全世界崇尚自然、回归自然、返璞归真的大潮流中,开发利用天然药用植物资源尤为重要。但野生的药用植物中所含成分复杂,不但含有有效成分,还含有无效成分和有毒成分。因而必须通过对野生药用植物进行去其糟粕,取其精华的提取过程,弄清药用植物中所含成分,以达到辨别和正确使用,这样才能实现药用植物的正确使用、提高临床疗效。
随着中药现代化进程的不断深入,传统中药提取的工艺方法和设备已不能完全适应发展的需要,开发新的方法和设备成为了中药现代化的重要环节,近十几年来,针对传统中药提取工艺中能耗大,有效成分损耗大、杂质多、效率低等问题,在中药提取的工艺方法与设备方面有了较大进展,出现了一些新方法、新工艺和新设备,特别是超声波提取中药得到了广泛的应用,利用超声振动及空化的压力,高温效应,促使两种液体,两种固体,或液-固,液-气界面之间发生分子的相互渗透面形成新的物质属性,从而促进了中药有效成分的溶解,加快了有效成分进入介质,并与介质充分混合,可加速提取过程的进行,提高提取率;因此超声波提取法具有提取时间短、产率高、条件温和等显著特点。
环流的主要优点是反应器内的流体定向运动,环流液速较快,气体在其停留时间内通过的路径长,反应器的总气含率较大,单位反应器体积的气泡表面积较大,相间接触好,能耗小。
超声环流结合了超声波的声化学作用及气升式环流反应器供气效率高的特点,发挥了超声波与气升式环流反应器的协同效应,为超声波更有效的作用提供了条件。
本文通过实验对超声提取中药进行了初步的探讨,主要做了以下几个方面的工作:
(1)设计加工了超声波—气升式环流反应器。
(2)分别进行了以超声电功率、超声频率、乙醇浓度和提取时间为因素的4因素3水平正交提取大黄游离葸醌和陈皮中的黄酮类物质的实验,并给出了超声环流提取这两种物质的最佳因素组合,对影响提取的因素进行了分析。
(3)在与(2)同样的实验条件下进行通气量为0.8L/min的超声波环流提取提取大黄游离蒽醌和陈皮中的黄酮类物质的实验,并给出了超声环流提取这两种物质的最佳因素组合,并对影响提取的因素进行了分析。
(4)比较了超声法提取中药和超声环流提取中药,给出了超声环流提取中药优于超声提取中药的初步解释,并讨论了超声提取和超声环流提取中影响提取的主要因素的变化及原因。
(5)探讨了空化强弱与中药提取的关系,实验结果显示瞬态空化越强,提取率越高。
Tradional Chinese medicine resources are rich in Our country, using the Chinese medicine to treat disease has the glorious history; Chinese medicine permanent effect, security receive common people's attention in particular.In the world advocation nature, the return nature, gives up affectation specially in the big tidal current, the development of natural medicinal plant resources especially are important. But in the wild medicinal plant contains the ingredient to be complex, not only includes the effective component, but also includes the invalid ingredient and the toxic ingredient.Thus must through carry on its dregs to the wild medicinal plant, takes its essence the extraction process, clarifies in the medicinal plant to contain the ingredient, achieved the discernment and the correct use, can realize medicinal plant's correct use, enhance the clinical curative effect like this.
Along with Chinese native medicine modernization advancement unceasingly thorough, the traditional Chinese native medicine extraction technique and the equipment have not been able to meet the need to develop completely, developed the new method and the equipment has become the Chinese native medicine modernization important link. In the recent years, the energy consumption are big in view of the traditional Chinese native medicine extraction craft in, the effective component loses, the impurity in a big way many, the efficiency low status question, had in the Chinese native medicine extraction technique and the equipment aspect progressed greatly, appeared some new methods, the new craft and the new equipment, Specially the ultrasonic wave extraction Chinese native medicine obtained the widespread application, the use ultrasonic vibration and the cavitation pressure, the high temperature effect, urges two kind of liquids, two solids, or fluid - solid, between the fluid - aerosphere surface has the member mutual seepage face shape Cheng Xin material attribute, Sped up the effective component to enter the medium, and with the medium intensive mixing, might accelerate extraction process march, enhanced the extraction rate; Therefore the ultrasonic wave extraction process has the extraction time short, the production rate high, the condition temperate and so on the remarkable characteristic.
The circulation main merit is in the reactor fluid directional motion, the circulation fluid is quickly, the gas in its resident time through the way is long, the reactor was always mad including rate , the unit reactor volume air bubble surface area is big, the interaction contacts, the energy consumption is small.
The supersonic circulation unified the ultrasonic wave phonochemistry function and the air type circulation, which has displayed the ultrasonic wave and the air type circulation reactor coordination effect, has provided the condition for an ultrasonic wave more effective function.
This article has carried on the preliminary discussion through the experiment to the supersonic extraction of the Chinese native medicine, we has done several works:
(1) We designed the ultrasonic wave - air type circulation reactor.
(2) We took the supersonic electric power, the ultrasonic frequency, the ethyl alcohol density and the extraction time as experiment factor of the extraction of Chinese rhubarb dissociation anthraquinone and the flavanone material, and we gave the supersonic circulation to withdraw these two material the best factor combination, to affected the extraction the factor to carry on the analysis.
(3) Under similar experimental condition to carry on the ultrasonic wave circulation extraction experiment of Chinese rhubarb dissociation anthraquinone and the flavanone class material, which the ventilation quantity is in the 0.8L/min ,we gave the best factor combination about the supersonic circulation extraction experiment, and we give the analysis about the affected factor.
(4) Compared with the supersonic method extraction of Chinese native medicine and the supersonic circulation extraction , we gave the preliminary explanation about that the supersonic circulation extraction Chinese native medicine is better than the supersonic extraction Chinese native medicine, and discussed in the supersonic extraction and the supersonic circulation extraction affects the extraction the primary factor change and the reason.
(5) We had discussed relations of the cavitation and the Chinese native medicine extraction, the test showed that demonstration transient state cavitation is stronger, the extraction rate is higher.
随着中药现代化进程的不断深入,传统中药提取的工艺方法和设备已不能完全适应发展的需要,开发新的方法和设备成为了中药现代化的重要环节,近十几年来,针对传统中药提取工艺中能耗大,有效成分损耗大、杂质多、效率低等问题,在中药提取的工艺方法与设备方面有了较大进展,出现了一些新方法、新工艺和新设备,特别是超声波提取中药得到了广泛的应用,利用超声振动及空化的压力,高温效应,促使两种液体,两种固体,或液-固,液-气界面之间发生分子的相互渗透面形成新的物质属性,从而促进了中药有效成分的溶解,加快了有效成分进入介质,并与介质充分混合,可加速提取过程的进行,提高提取率;因此超声波提取法具有提取时间短、产率高、条件温和等显著特点。
环流的主要优点是反应器内的流体定向运动,环流液速较快,气体在其停留时间内通过的路径长,反应器的总气含率较大,单位反应器体积的气泡表面积较大,相间接触好,能耗小。
超声环流结合了超声波的声化学作用及气升式环流反应器供气效率高的特点,发挥了超声波与气升式环流反应器的协同效应,为超声波更有效的作用提供了条件。
本文通过实验对超声提取中药进行了初步的探讨,主要做了以下几个方面的工作:
(1)设计加工了超声波—气升式环流反应器。
(2)分别进行了以超声电功率、超声频率、乙醇浓度和提取时间为因素的4因素3水平正交提取大黄游离葸醌和陈皮中的黄酮类物质的实验,并给出了超声环流提取这两种物质的最佳因素组合,对影响提取的因素进行了分析。
(3)在与(2)同样的实验条件下进行通气量为0.8L/min的超声波环流提取提取大黄游离蒽醌和陈皮中的黄酮类物质的实验,并给出了超声环流提取这两种物质的最佳因素组合,并对影响提取的因素进行了分析。
(4)比较了超声法提取中药和超声环流提取中药,给出了超声环流提取中药优于超声提取中药的初步解释,并讨论了超声提取和超声环流提取中影响提取的主要因素的变化及原因。
(5)探讨了空化强弱与中药提取的关系,实验结果显示瞬态空化越强,提取率越高。
Tradional Chinese medicine resources are rich in Our country, using the Chinese medicine to treat disease has the glorious history; Chinese medicine permanent effect, security receive common people's attention in particular.In the world advocation nature, the return nature, gives up affectation specially in the big tidal current, the development of natural medicinal plant resources especially are important. But in the wild medicinal plant contains the ingredient to be complex, not only includes the effective component, but also includes the invalid ingredient and the toxic ingredient.Thus must through carry on its dregs to the wild medicinal plant, takes its essence the extraction process, clarifies in the medicinal plant to contain the ingredient, achieved the discernment and the correct use, can realize medicinal plant's correct use, enhance the clinical curative effect like this.
Along with Chinese native medicine modernization advancement unceasingly thorough, the traditional Chinese native medicine extraction technique and the equipment have not been able to meet the need to develop completely, developed the new method and the equipment has become the Chinese native medicine modernization important link. In the recent years, the energy consumption are big in view of the traditional Chinese native medicine extraction craft in, the effective component loses, the impurity in a big way many, the efficiency low status question, had in the Chinese native medicine extraction technique and the equipment aspect progressed greatly, appeared some new methods, the new craft and the new equipment, Specially the ultrasonic wave extraction Chinese native medicine obtained the widespread application, the use ultrasonic vibration and the cavitation pressure, the high temperature effect, urges two kind of liquids, two solids, or fluid - solid, between the fluid - aerosphere surface has the member mutual seepage face shape Cheng Xin material attribute, Sped up the effective component to enter the medium, and with the medium intensive mixing, might accelerate extraction process march, enhanced the extraction rate; Therefore the ultrasonic wave extraction process has the extraction time short, the production rate high, the condition temperate and so on the remarkable characteristic.
The circulation main merit is in the reactor fluid directional motion, the circulation fluid is quickly, the gas in its resident time through the way is long, the reactor was always mad including rate , the unit reactor volume air bubble surface area is big, the interaction contacts, the energy consumption is small.
The supersonic circulation unified the ultrasonic wave phonochemistry function and the air type circulation, which has displayed the ultrasonic wave and the air type circulation reactor coordination effect, has provided the condition for an ultrasonic wave more effective function.
This article has carried on the preliminary discussion through the experiment to the supersonic extraction of the Chinese native medicine, we has done several works:
(1) We designed the ultrasonic wave - air type circulation reactor.
(2) We took the supersonic electric power, the ultrasonic frequency, the ethyl alcohol density and the extraction time as experiment factor of the extraction of Chinese rhubarb dissociation anthraquinone and the flavanone material, and we gave the supersonic circulation to withdraw these two material the best factor combination, to affected the extraction the factor to carry on the analysis.
(3) Under similar experimental condition to carry on the ultrasonic wave circulation extraction experiment of Chinese rhubarb dissociation anthraquinone and the flavanone class material, which the ventilation quantity is in the 0.8L/min ,we gave the best factor combination about the supersonic circulation extraction experiment, and we give the analysis about the affected factor.
(4) Compared with the supersonic method extraction of Chinese native medicine and the supersonic circulation extraction , we gave the preliminary explanation about that the supersonic circulation extraction Chinese native medicine is better than the supersonic extraction Chinese native medicine, and discussed in the supersonic extraction and the supersonic circulation extraction affects the extraction the primary factor change and the reason.
(5) We had discussed relations of the cavitation and the Chinese native medicine extraction, the test showed that demonstration transient state cavitation is stronger, the extraction rate is higher.
引文
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[3]韩丽.实用中药制剂新技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社.
[4]卢晓江.中药提取工艺与设备[M].北京:化学工业出版社.
[5]卢艳花.中药有效成分提取分离技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社.
[6]高静,刘培勋,龙伟.中药提取技术的研究进展[J].医药导报,2007,26(9):51-53.
[7]曹春林.中药药剂学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,198喆6:65-75.
[8]白天珠.功率超声在食品医药等领域中应用[J].声学与电子工程,1992,(2):37-40.
[9]萨燕平.超声辐射提取槐花米中的芦丁[J].云南化工1996,(4):25-26.
[101周志华.人参皂苷提取方法的改进fJ].中国中药杂志,1989,14(12):40-42.
[11]孙忠亲.超声波法提取中草药材浸出物的研究[J].中国药学杂志,1995,30(12):751-752.
[12]武新安,魏玉辉.大黄粉末中蒽醌类成分提取方法比较[J].兰州大学学报(医学版)32(4):38-40.
[13]M.E.Ovadia and D.M.Skanen.effect of ultrasonicwaves on the Extraction of Alkaloids[J].J.Pharm.Sci.,1965,54(7):113-116.
[14]A.E.Demaggio and J.A.lott.Application of ultrasound for Increasing Alraloid Yidld from Daturae Seramomium[J].Journal of pharmaceutical Sciences,1964,53(8):945-949.
[15]Aparna Sharma,M.N.Gupta.Ultrasonic pre-irradiation effect upon aqueous enzymatic oil extraction from almond and apricot seeds[J].Ultrasonics Sonochemistry,2006,3(13):529-534.
[16]Zhang Lianfu,Liu Zelong.Optimization and comparison of ultrasound / microwave assisted extraction(UMAE) and ultrasonic assisted extraction(UAE) of lycopene from tomatoes[J].Ultrasonics Sonochemistry,2008,15:731-737.
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