高海拔换流站空气间隙放电特性及海拔修正研究
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摘要
为获得高海拔地区换流站空气间隙放电特性及海拔修正方法,结合我国±400kV青藏直流联网工程,在平原地区和4000m左右高海拔地区开展换流站内典型相地、相间间隙、棒-板间隙冲击放电特性以及软母线直流叠加操作冲击放电特性真型试验研究。获得了在2.5m-4.0m间隙距离内换流站内交流侧典型间隙操作、雷电冲击以及直流侧直流叠加操作冲击放电特性曲线。
分析比较了多级法和升降法两种冲击试验方法,通过两种方法分别计算了空气间隙50%放电电压和标准偏差,给出了两种统计方法的对比结果。在充分研究分析了现有操作冲击放电计算模型的基础上,开展了标准操作冲击放电电压计算模型研究,利用该模型计算了典型间隙相地、相间操作冲击50%放电电压。
通过开展海拔高度对放电电压影响的研究,以及对现有标准中海拔、气象修正方法的修正误差和相应修正因数的计算分析,推荐了相地冲击海拔修正方法,并给出了线性和指数两种型式的相间操作冲击放电电压海拔修正推荐方法。
研究结果表明,在相同的间隙距离下,棒-板间隙的冲击放电电压较软母线、均压环低,开展真型试验研究可以优化工程设计,降低制造成本。预先存在的直流电压对直流叠加操作冲击电压放电特性有一定影响,即直流叠加操作冲击放电的平均击穿场强随直流电压成分增大而增大,且棒-板间隙受影响程度大于软母线相地间隙。本文推荐的间隙放电弹性系数模型计算结果和试验结果基本吻合。在进行高海拔地区换流站外绝缘最小空气间隙选择设计时可以参考本文推荐的海拔修正方法及相关结论。
For the purpose of getting air-gap discharge characteristics and altitude correction method of high altitude converter station, in accordance with±400kV DC Connection Project of Qing-Tibet Plateau, the real structure test research of the typical air-gap of converter station and rod-plane air-gap under switching impulse, lightning impulse and DC voltage superimposed with switching impulse voltage were experimentally performed at flat area and about4000m high altitude area. Discharge characteristic curves of switching and lightning impulse at AC side of converter station and DC voltage superimposed with switching impulse at DC side were given between air-gap of2.5m～4.0m.
Multistage method and up and down method were studied, by which50%discharge voltage and standard deviation were calculated. Calculation model based on elastic coefficient of standard switching impulse discharge voltage was discussed and air-gap discharge voltage of phase-to-ground, phase-to-phase were calculated by the given model.
The research work of altitude influence to discharge voltage was analysised and correction errors of test data by the exsiting standards and correction factors were calculated. Altitude correction methods for phase-to-ground were recommended and correction methods with linear and exponent form formulas of phase-to-phase switching impulse voltage were also given by this paper.
The test results indicated that discharge voltage of rod-plane air gap were lower than that of soft line and grading ring at the same distance and it is feasible to reduce the construction cost and optimize structure by performing real structure test research. The average discharge field intensity of pre-exist DC voltage superimposed with switching impulse voltage increases with increasing DC composition and rod-plane was more influenced than soft line. The calculation results based on elastic coefficient model were approximatively equal to experimental results. The recommened correction methods and conclusions could be used as a reference during the least air-gap design of high altitude converter station.
分析比较了多级法和升降法两种冲击试验方法,通过两种方法分别计算了空气间隙50%放电电压和标准偏差,给出了两种统计方法的对比结果。在充分研究分析了现有操作冲击放电计算模型的基础上,开展了标准操作冲击放电电压计算模型研究,利用该模型计算了典型间隙相地、相间操作冲击50%放电电压。
通过开展海拔高度对放电电压影响的研究,以及对现有标准中海拔、气象修正方法的修正误差和相应修正因数的计算分析,推荐了相地冲击海拔修正方法,并给出了线性和指数两种型式的相间操作冲击放电电压海拔修正推荐方法。
研究结果表明,在相同的间隙距离下,棒-板间隙的冲击放电电压较软母线、均压环低,开展真型试验研究可以优化工程设计,降低制造成本。预先存在的直流电压对直流叠加操作冲击电压放电特性有一定影响,即直流叠加操作冲击放电的平均击穿场强随直流电压成分增大而增大,且棒-板间隙受影响程度大于软母线相地间隙。本文推荐的间隙放电弹性系数模型计算结果和试验结果基本吻合。在进行高海拔地区换流站外绝缘最小空气间隙选择设计时可以参考本文推荐的海拔修正方法及相关结论。
For the purpose of getting air-gap discharge characteristics and altitude correction method of high altitude converter station, in accordance with±400kV DC Connection Project of Qing-Tibet Plateau, the real structure test research of the typical air-gap of converter station and rod-plane air-gap under switching impulse, lightning impulse and DC voltage superimposed with switching impulse voltage were experimentally performed at flat area and about4000m high altitude area. Discharge characteristic curves of switching and lightning impulse at AC side of converter station and DC voltage superimposed with switching impulse at DC side were given between air-gap of2.5m～4.0m.
Multistage method and up and down method were studied, by which50%discharge voltage and standard deviation were calculated. Calculation model based on elastic coefficient of standard switching impulse discharge voltage was discussed and air-gap discharge voltage of phase-to-ground, phase-to-phase were calculated by the given model.
The research work of altitude influence to discharge voltage was analysised and correction errors of test data by the exsiting standards and correction factors were calculated. Altitude correction methods for phase-to-ground were recommended and correction methods with linear and exponent form formulas of phase-to-phase switching impulse voltage were also given by this paper.
The test results indicated that discharge voltage of rod-plane air gap were lower than that of soft line and grading ring at the same distance and it is feasible to reduce the construction cost and optimize structure by performing real structure test research. The average discharge field intensity of pre-exist DC voltage superimposed with switching impulse voltage increases with increasing DC composition and rod-plane was more influenced than soft line. The calculation results based on elastic coefficient model were approximatively equal to experimental results. The recommened correction methods and conclusions could be used as a reference during the least air-gap design of high altitude converter station.
引文
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