作物需水信息远程实时采集系统研究
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摘要
随着水资源匮乏加剧及其他用水对农业用水的挤占，客观要求旱区农业用水从粗放的灌溉模式向先进技术装备的集约型精量灌溉模式转变，以使有限的水资源满足更多农田灌溉之需。作物需水诊断与灌溉决策是实现精量灌溉与智能化农业用水管理的前提，而对作物需水状况的准确、快速、可靠的评价，是以实时监测和诊断与作物需水状况密切相关的作物需水信息为基础的，所以对作物需水信息采集系统的研究对提高作物需水诊断与灌溉决策的信息化具有重要的意义。本文根据目前国内作物需水信息采集系统存在的问题，对作物需水信息远程实时采集系统进行了研究，主要研究内容有：
（1）根据在国际上应用比较广泛的作物需水量计算方法FAO Penman-Monteith公式及影响作物需水量的土壤因素建立了作物需水信息采集系统指标体系，并依据所建立的采集指标体系对系统中测量各作物需水信息的传感器进行筛选。
（2）设计了系统的总体方案，整个作物需水信息远程实时采集系统主要包括采集作物需水信息的传感器、单片机、多路开关、采样/保持器、A/D（模/数）转换器、数据存储器、键盘、实时时钟、液晶显示、电源、GPRS模块等。系统采用TI（德州仪器）公司的MSP430F149单片机作为系统的核心控制器件，其内部集成了多路开关、采样/保持器和A/D转换器。
（3）该作物需水信息采集系统硬件采用模块化、开放性设计，由软件来配置和控制。作物需水信息远程实时采集系统下位机硬件包括传感器模块、处理器模块、实时时钟模块、液晶显示模块、键盘模块、数据存储模块、电源模块、GPRS模块。系统下位机软件采用IAR集成开发环境进行开发与调试，实现了作物需水信息的采集、模/数转换、数字滤波、存储、显示及发送。
（4）上位机应用软件采用具有功能强大、使用方便的MFC（Microsoft FoundationClasses）开发，操作简单，界面美观友好。上位机可以显示接收采集的数据及采集时间，且将接收的数据内容以文本格式文件保存到指定的文件夹中。
（5）系统采用超低功耗MCU，运用低功耗理论设计，可以在电池供电的情况下长期采集和记录数据；利用时钟芯片，实现在无人监管的情况下定时采集，并且定时采集的时间可以根据采集的需要进行调整，采集的数据通过无线方式实时传输到计算机。经过试验测试，测试结果表明系统稳定性较高，能很好的完成作物需水信息的采集、显示、传输和保存，可以应用于灌溉决策系统中作物需水信息的实时监测。
With the growing scarcity of water shortage and decrease of agricultural water becauseof other water consumption, the mode of irrigation of agricultural water needs to convert fromthe extensive irrigation mode to intensive precision irrigation mode with advanced technologyequipment, so that the limited water resources can meet more demand for farmland irrigating.Crop water requirement Diagnosis and irrigation decision-making are premises of precisionirrigation and intelligent management of agricultural water. Accurate, rapid and reliableevaluation of crop water requirement status is based on crop water requirement informationwhich is closely related to real-time monitoring and diagnosis of crop water status. Soresearch on crop water requirement information acquisition system attaches significance toimproving informationizing crop water requirement diagnosis and irrigation decision-making.According to current problems of domestic crop water requirement acquisition system, remotereal-time water requirement acquisition system was researched in the thesis. The mainresearch contents are included as follows:
(1) Index system for the Crop water requirement acquisition system was established inthe thesis according to FAO Penman-Monteith formula which is a widely used method ofcalculating crop water requirement in the world and soil factor which affects crop waterrequirement.
(2) General scheme, composition and characteristics of the system were detailed in thethesis. MCU(Microprogrammed Control Unit) is based on MSP430F149microcontroller ofTI(Texas Instruments). The whole system includes sensors collecting crop water requirementinformation, multiplexers, S/H(sample/hold), and the A/D(Analog/Digital) converter, datamemory, keyboard, real-time clock, LCD(Liquid Crystal Display), power supply, GPRSmodule and single chip etc. Multi-channel switch, sampling holder and A/D converter areintegrated into MSP430F149microcontroller.
(3) The design of hardware of the system is modular and opening. Hardware can becontrolled and configured by software. The hardware of the lower computer of the crop waterrequirement system includes Main function of the system includes sensor module, MCU module, real-time module, LCD module, keyboard module, data storage module, powermodule, GPRS module. The software of the lower computer was developed and debugged byIAR Embedded Workbench, which can achieve data collecting, A/D, digital filtering, datastorage, displaying and transmitting.
(4) MFC(Microsoft Foundation Classes) was used to develop the host computerapplication software, operation is simple, and the interface is friendly and beautiful. Hostcomputer can display received data and time of receiving data, then saves the data in textformat to the specified folder.
(5) Ultra-low power MCU was adopted in the system. The system can keep long termoperation in battery-powered case as low power design, can achieve timing data acquisition inthe unsupervised case and time of data acquiring can be adjusted according to collectingdemands. Data can be transmitted to a computer wirelessly in real time. Experimental resultsshow that the system has high stability. Upper computer can receive, display and savemulti-channel crop water requirement data well. The system can be applied in irrigationdecision-making system to monitor crop water requirement information in real time.
（1）根据在国际上应用比较广泛的作物需水量计算方法FAO Penman-Monteith公式及影响作物需水量的土壤因素建立了作物需水信息采集系统指标体系，并依据所建立的采集指标体系对系统中测量各作物需水信息的传感器进行筛选。
（2）设计了系统的总体方案，整个作物需水信息远程实时采集系统主要包括采集作物需水信息的传感器、单片机、多路开关、采样/保持器、A/D（模/数）转换器、数据存储器、键盘、实时时钟、液晶显示、电源、GPRS模块等。系统采用TI（德州仪器）公司的MSP430F149单片机作为系统的核心控制器件，其内部集成了多路开关、采样/保持器和A/D转换器。
（3）该作物需水信息采集系统硬件采用模块化、开放性设计，由软件来配置和控制。作物需水信息远程实时采集系统下位机硬件包括传感器模块、处理器模块、实时时钟模块、液晶显示模块、键盘模块、数据存储模块、电源模块、GPRS模块。系统下位机软件采用IAR集成开发环境进行开发与调试，实现了作物需水信息的采集、模/数转换、数字滤波、存储、显示及发送。
（4）上位机应用软件采用具有功能强大、使用方便的MFC（Microsoft FoundationClasses）开发，操作简单，界面美观友好。上位机可以显示接收采集的数据及采集时间，且将接收的数据内容以文本格式文件保存到指定的文件夹中。
（5）系统采用超低功耗MCU，运用低功耗理论设计，可以在电池供电的情况下长期采集和记录数据；利用时钟芯片，实现在无人监管的情况下定时采集，并且定时采集的时间可以根据采集的需要进行调整，采集的数据通过无线方式实时传输到计算机。经过试验测试，测试结果表明系统稳定性较高，能很好的完成作物需水信息的采集、显示、传输和保存，可以应用于灌溉决策系统中作物需水信息的实时监测。
With the growing scarcity of water shortage and decrease of agricultural water becauseof other water consumption, the mode of irrigation of agricultural water needs to convert fromthe extensive irrigation mode to intensive precision irrigation mode with advanced technologyequipment, so that the limited water resources can meet more demand for farmland irrigating.Crop water requirement Diagnosis and irrigation decision-making are premises of precisionirrigation and intelligent management of agricultural water. Accurate, rapid and reliableevaluation of crop water requirement status is based on crop water requirement informationwhich is closely related to real-time monitoring and diagnosis of crop water status. Soresearch on crop water requirement information acquisition system attaches significance toimproving informationizing crop water requirement diagnosis and irrigation decision-making.According to current problems of domestic crop water requirement acquisition system, remotereal-time water requirement acquisition system was researched in the thesis. The mainresearch contents are included as follows:
(1) Index system for the Crop water requirement acquisition system was established inthe thesis according to FAO Penman-Monteith formula which is a widely used method ofcalculating crop water requirement in the world and soil factor which affects crop waterrequirement.
(2) General scheme, composition and characteristics of the system were detailed in thethesis. MCU(Microprogrammed Control Unit) is based on MSP430F149microcontroller ofTI(Texas Instruments). The whole system includes sensors collecting crop water requirementinformation, multiplexers, S/H(sample/hold), and the A/D(Analog/Digital) converter, datamemory, keyboard, real-time clock, LCD(Liquid Crystal Display), power supply, GPRSmodule and single chip etc. Multi-channel switch, sampling holder and A/D converter areintegrated into MSP430F149microcontroller.
(3) The design of hardware of the system is modular and opening. Hardware can becontrolled and configured by software. The hardware of the lower computer of the crop waterrequirement system includes Main function of the system includes sensor module, MCU module, real-time module, LCD module, keyboard module, data storage module, powermodule, GPRS module. The software of the lower computer was developed and debugged byIAR Embedded Workbench, which can achieve data collecting, A/D, digital filtering, datastorage, displaying and transmitting.
(4) MFC(Microsoft Foundation Classes) was used to develop the host computerapplication software, operation is simple, and the interface is friendly and beautiful. Hostcomputer can display received data and time of receiving data, then saves the data in textformat to the specified folder.
(5) Ultra-low power MCU was adopted in the system. The system can keep long termoperation in battery-powered case as low power design, can achieve timing data acquisition inthe unsupervised case and time of data acquiring can be adjusted according to collectingdemands. Data can be transmitted to a computer wirelessly in real time. Experimental resultsshow that the system has high stability. Upper computer can receive, display and savemulti-channel crop water requirement data well. The system can be applied in irrigationdecision-making system to monitor crop water requirement information in real time.
引文
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